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The Earth in space: An essay on the origin of the Solar system
The Earth in space: An essay on the origin of the Solar system

Poor Pluto - Leslie Looney
Poor Pluto - Leslie Looney

... •! Estimated the distance to M31 to be 1 million light-years (modern estimate is 2.5 million light years) •! Andromeda is an “island universe” like our own Galaxy. ...
LETG Spring, 2015
LETG Spring, 2015

... observably into what might be called the Extreme Ultraviolet, getting up to the vicinity of 100 Å. To get around the problem of the source spectrum changing from an observation using one instrument configuration to another, we adopt the cunning tactic of observing them in one long session, switching ...
Question paper
Question paper

... 12 Radioisotopes are often used for medical applications. 131I is a β -emitter, and can be used to treat an overactive thyroid gland. When a small dose of 131I is swallowed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream. It is then concentrated in the thyroid gland, where it begins destroying the gland’s cell ...
Physics from Creation to Collapse
Physics from Creation to Collapse

Cosmology and Astrophysics II
Cosmology and Astrophysics II

The Sun and the Stars
The Sun and the Stars

... of elevations (range of air masses) – derive extinction in magnitudes per unit air mass m(l )- m0 (l ) = -2.5log(e-t ( l ) ) m0 ( )  m( )  1.086 ( ) ...
Lecture 3
Lecture 3

Grade 5 SC.E.1.2.1 BENCHMARK SC.E.1.2.1 Strand E Earth and
Grade 5 SC.E.1.2.1 BENCHMARK SC.E.1.2.1 Strand E Earth and

... At night, thousands of stars are visible from Earth, but during the day we can see only one star, the Sun. Why is the Sun the only star visible to us during the day? A. ...
Lecture 3 Radiative and Convective Energy Transport I
Lecture 3 Radiative and Convective Energy Transport I

I. Stars - SharpSchool
I. Stars - SharpSchool

... eruptions near a sunspot which suddenly brighten and shoot outward at high speed. ...
The Big Bang
The Big Bang

... B. Age thought to be 10-20 billion years old C. ‘Big Bang’ is best theory of formation 1. Initial hot explosion 2. Gases & dust cooled & condensed locally into planets, stars, & galaxies 3. Material still spreading out from explosion 4. Best evidence includes red shift of light from other galaxies ...
Bérczi- Akta 97.cdr
Bérczi- Akta 97.cdr

... Therefore for temperature the driving force towards mammalian stage was absent during Triassic. Still the evolution did not slow down substantially. During the Lower Triassic the leading therapsids reached a therian stage in the differentiation of hind teeth to premolars vs. molars, produced a prope ...
7.1 Gravitational Potential Energy
7.1 Gravitational Potential Energy

... consistent with the age of the solar system. The process of nuclear fusion is not limited to 4 11 H → 1 42 He (using the standard notation A Z X, where A is the mass number (total number of protons + neutrons), Z is the atomic number (i.e. the number of protons, giving the total positive charge of t ...
Turbulent convection in stellar interiors
Turbulent convection in stellar interiors

Core Science Revision – Physics
Core Science Revision – Physics

... STARLIGHT –  White light can be split into a CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM with no gaps.  If white light is passed through a GAS CLOUD before being split, the gas ABSORBS some of the colours in the spectrum. This ABSORPTION SPECTRUM has BLACK LINES where particular colours have been absorbed by the gas.  T ...
Can We Successfully Apply A Solar Thin-Flux
Can We Successfully Apply A Solar Thin-Flux

... The star must have an outer convection zone and a radiative core underneath. Parker instability sets in as the magnetic field grows. As the crests penetrate into the convection zone, the superadiabatic stratification accelerates the growth of the instability, a loop forms. The summit of the loop ...
mass-luminosity relationship
mass-luminosity relationship

... 2) If m1 is much larger than m2, what is the total kinetic energy of the system and which mass has all the kinetic energy?  Since K = ½mv2 and m ~ m2, K = ½m2v2 and the smaller mass has all the kinetic energy (it is the only thing moving) ...
Pre-lab 12: Galaxies and the Expansion of the Universe So far we
Pre-lab 12: Galaxies and the Expansion of the Universe So far we

THE SUN AND THE MOON
THE SUN AND THE MOON

... Recall from the previous lab that converting the unit of an angle between degrees and radians can be done by using the equivalency of 2π radians and 360°. Therefore, one radian is ~57°. Alternatively, one degree is 0.017 radians. In Figure 5, the distance to the object of diameter AB is d. The angle ...
Teacher: Leah Olivas School: Carlsbad Intermediate School Unit
Teacher: Leah Olivas School: Carlsbad Intermediate School Unit

... How do nuclear forces affect elements? ...
take home quiz
take home quiz

... Date:___________________________ ...
The Life Cycles of Stars
The Life Cycles of Stars

The Life Cycles of Stars, Part II
The Life Cycles of Stars, Part II

... A star’s life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger the mass, the shorter the life cycle. A star’s mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust in which it is born. Over time, gravity pulls the hydrogen gas in the nebula together a ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... • A “big bang” of energy created a plasma of protons and neutrons. This led to the formation of H nuclei. • The H nuclei were pulled together by gravity into masses that would become the stars. The H nuclei fused into He nuclei, releasing enough energy that the star began to shine. • The fusion proc ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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