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Seasons on other planets – Activity
Seasons on other planets – Activity

... Seasons on other planets Background information The seasons on the planets of the Solar System are largely a reflection of the size of the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures on each planet. This difference is caused by the combined influence of a number of factors: 1. The distan ...
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... It is a good idea to review certain measurements which are used throughout this document. A mile (abbreviated: mi) is a unit of length which is well known in the United States. It is also known as a statute mile, and is equivalent to 5280 feet or 1760 yards. The kilometer is not as well understood. ...
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... • change in temperature • change in luminosity ...
The Life Cycles of Stars
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... A star’s life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger the mass, the shorter the life cycle. A star’s mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust in which it is born. Over time, gravity pulls the hydrogen gas in the nebula together a ...
Scaling the Universe
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... We would like for you to get a “feel” for how far away things in outer space are from the Earth. The distances to these objects are so large that it is hard for us to relate to them as human beings, who are used to dealing with very small distances (relatively speaking). To help us, we will develop ...
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... A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejection of material from the solar corona, usually observed with a white-light coronagraph, such as SOHO’s LASCO instrument. The ejected material is a plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such a ...
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... – Energy produced in the core of the Sun gets to the surface through two zones in the solar interior. • In the radiative zone, which is above the core, energy is transferred from particle to particle by radiation, as atoms continually absorb energy and then re-emit it. • Above the radiative zone, in ...
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... ore than 90% of all the energy that leaves the Sun comes to us in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, in the form of light and solar heat. Both of these two components vary in step and in phase with changing solar activity: changing by at most a few tenths of a percent in day-to-d ...
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... Where the orbits of planets around the Sun are nearly circular, however, the orbits of comets are quite elongated. Nearly 100 known comets have periods (the time it takes them to make one complete trip around the Sun) five to seven Earth years in length. Their farthest point from the Sun ( aphelion ...
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... The ANTARES detector, being placed at 43° N in the Mediterranean, observes the sky in the southern hemisphere through the Earth (see Figure 1). It covers a complementary region compared to the South Pole neutrino detector IceCube [1]. In particular it includes the Galactic Centre, a region that rev ...
Astro Quote - University of North Alabama
Astro Quote - University of North Alabama

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cugetări asupra unor fenomene legate de masa
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Lecture 30

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Big Idea 5

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... oxygen will be made in its core. But the core will be the left-over white dwarf. The gas put back out into space will come from the red giant’s envelope, which hasn’t been hot enough for fusion to make new elements. Most of the elements in space were put there by supernova explosions. ...
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chap7 (WP)

... established if its surface temperature is known, for example, through the spectrum of its emitted light. Once the luminosity of the star is determined, then the distance to the star can be deduced by measuring the flux from the star. That is, we extract L from the temperature, measure f on Earth, an ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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