TOWARDS A MENTAL PROBABILITY LOGIC Niki PFEIFER
... standard of reference for modeling and evaluating human reasoning. Why is classical logic not an adequate standard of reference for evaluating human reasoning? We discuss two crucial sets of problems: one concerns the material implication, A → B. The other one, which is more general, concerns the mo ...
... standard of reference for modeling and evaluating human reasoning. Why is classical logic not an adequate standard of reference for evaluating human reasoning? We discuss two crucial sets of problems: one concerns the material implication, A → B. The other one, which is more general, concerns the mo ...
Logic and Artificial Intelligence - EECS @ Michigan
... logical AI; there is ample evidence, as we will see, that the first generation at least of AI logicists read and were influenced by the literature in philosophical logic. Since that point, the specialties have diverged. New logical theories have emerged in logical AI (nonmonotonic logic is the most ...
... logical AI; there is ample evidence, as we will see, that the first generation at least of AI logicists read and were influenced by the literature in philosophical logic. Since that point, the specialties have diverged. New logical theories have emerged in logical AI (nonmonotonic logic is the most ...
MAI0203 Lecture 7: Inference and Predicate Calculus
... Now the difference between terms and formula should be clear: terms evaluate to values, formula to truth values! ...
... Now the difference between terms and formula should be clear: terms evaluate to values, formula to truth values! ...
SIGCSE presentation
... • Syntax - spelling, punctuation and order of words in the program • Semantic - likely to ensue from a mistaken idea of how the language interprets certain instructions • Logic - tend to arise from fallacious thinking by the programmer rather than from language peculiarities ...
... • Syntax - spelling, punctuation and order of words in the program • Semantic - likely to ensue from a mistaken idea of how the language interprets certain instructions • Logic - tend to arise from fallacious thinking by the programmer rather than from language peculiarities ...
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures
... • Repetition allows efficient use of variables • Can input, add, and average multiple numbers using a limited number of variables • For example, to add five numbers: – Declare a variable for each number, input the numbers and add the variables together – Create a loop that reads a number into a vari ...
... • Repetition allows efficient use of variables • Can input, add, and average multiple numbers using a limited number of variables • For example, to add five numbers: – Declare a variable for each number, input the numbers and add the variables together – Create a loop that reads a number into a vari ...
Translation of Aggregate Programs to Normal Logic Programs
... A definite aggregate program is a program which contains only positive literals and monotone aggregate atoms. 3.3 Semantics of Aggregates An interpretation for an aggregate program is defined as the set of atoms which are assigned the value true. The set of all interpretations is denoted with # . It ...
... A definite aggregate program is a program which contains only positive literals and monotone aggregate atoms. 3.3 Semantics of Aggregates An interpretation for an aggregate program is defined as the set of atoms which are assigned the value true. The set of all interpretations is denoted with # . It ...
A Classification and Survey of Preference Handling Approaches in
... We have the following set of not-necessarily independent criteria for classifying approaches to preference: Host system Previously (during the 1990’s) default logic [Reiter,1980] was by-and-large the host system of choice, in that the majority of approaches to adding preferences added them to defau ...
... We have the following set of not-necessarily independent criteria for classifying approaches to preference: Host system Previously (during the 1990’s) default logic [Reiter,1980] was by-and-large the host system of choice, in that the majority of approaches to adding preferences added them to defau ...
Writing algorithms u..
... • Every programming language (including Java) has 3 types of statements: • Assignment statements • Conditional statements • Loop statements ...
... • Every programming language (including Java) has 3 types of statements: • Assignment statements • Conditional statements • Loop statements ...
20 Lisp: Final Thoughts
... functional programming language. The primary culprit for this diaspora was the Lisp community itself. The pure lisp core of the language is primarily an assembly language for building more complex data structures and search algorithms. Thus it was natural that each group of researchers or developers ...
... functional programming language. The primary culprit for this diaspora was the Lisp community itself. The pure lisp core of the language is primarily an assembly language for building more complex data structures and search algorithms. Thus it was natural that each group of researchers or developers ...
ppt
... More complicated version of an FSM using infinite amount of tape, actions (move head left, right) To this day, it is the model of computation of choice for theoretical computer scientists ...
... More complicated version of an FSM using infinite amount of tape, actions (move head left, right) To this day, it is the model of computation of choice for theoretical computer scientists ...
Extended Introduction to Computer Science CS1001.py Lecture 1
... Compiled vs. Interpreted Programming Language • The difference between a compiler and an interpreter usually reflects language difference. • A compiler is useful if the language allows checking certain properties of the program before running it. • An important main difference in this respect is be ...
... Compiled vs. Interpreted Programming Language • The difference between a compiler and an interpreter usually reflects language difference. • A compiler is useful if the language allows checking certain properties of the program before running it. • An important main difference in this respect is be ...
Soran University Artificial Intelligence Module Specification 1
... approaches such as neural networks and genetic algorithms. Specialist areas such as experts systems, natural language processing are also explored. Practical sessions will involve programming using relevant languages and using expert system shells. ...
... approaches such as neural networks and genetic algorithms. Specialist areas such as experts systems, natural language processing are also explored. Practical sessions will involve programming using relevant languages and using expert system shells. ...
Common Sense - Myreaders.info
... ‡ The template is a frame with slots and slots fillers ‡ The template is fed to a script classifier, which classifies what script is active in the template. ‡ The template and the script are passed to a reasoning problem builder specific to the script, which converts the template into a commonsense ...
... ‡ The template is a frame with slots and slots fillers ‡ The template is fed to a script classifier, which classifies what script is active in the template. ‡ The template and the script are passed to a reasoning problem builder specific to the script, which converts the template into a commonsense ...
129 - UMBC ebiquity
... sense which are intended for machine display and human consumption. Machine understandable means that the data has explicitly been prepared for machine reasoning and reuse across various applications. Realizing the semantic web vision requires well defined languages that can model the meaning of inf ...
... sense which are intended for machine display and human consumption. Machine understandable means that the data has explicitly been prepared for machine reasoning and reuse across various applications. Realizing the semantic web vision requires well defined languages that can model the meaning of inf ...
Belief Base Change Operations for Answer Set Programming
... The base revision postulates have been accepted as characterizations of desirable change operations for propositional belief bases. The postulates can be applied to belief bases represented as logic programs as just shown. However, it has to be shown that the defined postulates for belief base chan ...
... The base revision postulates have been accepted as characterizations of desirable change operations for propositional belief bases. The postulates can be applied to belief bases represented as logic programs as just shown. However, it has to be shown that the defined postulates for belief base chan ...
GOLOG David Mui EEL6938
... GOLOG: A logic programming language for dynamic domains. To appear in the Journal of Logic Programming, special issue on Reasoning about Action and Change, 1996. Yves Lesperance, Hector J. Levesque, and Shane J. Ruman. An Experiment in Using GOLOG to Build a Personal Banking Assistant. To Appear in ...
... GOLOG: A logic programming language for dynamic domains. To appear in the Journal of Logic Programming, special issue on Reasoning about Action and Change, 1996. Yves Lesperance, Hector J. Levesque, and Shane J. Ruman. An Experiment in Using GOLOG to Build a Personal Banking Assistant. To Appear in ...
Extending Fuzzy Description Logics with a Possibilistic Layer
... degrees of truth and the latter handling degrees of certainty. There exist several fuzzy and possibilistic extensions of DLs in the literature (see [1] for an overview). These extensions are appropriate to handle either vagueness or uncertainty, but handling both of them has not received such attent ...
... degrees of truth and the latter handling degrees of certainty. There exist several fuzzy and possibilistic extensions of DLs in the literature (see [1] for an overview). These extensions are appropriate to handle either vagueness or uncertainty, but handling both of them has not received such attent ...
Automatic Invention of Functional Abstractions
... Our FAI technique is inspired by a standard ‘recipe’ which human programmers use to derive functional abstractions from patterns in programs, described by e.g. Abelson and Sussman [1, Sect. 1.3.1]. One previous attempt to automate this kind of recipe is due to Bakewell and Runciman [2]; they impleme ...
... Our FAI technique is inspired by a standard ‘recipe’ which human programmers use to derive functional abstractions from patterns in programs, described by e.g. Abelson and Sussman [1, Sect. 1.3.1]. One previous attempt to automate this kind of recipe is due to Bakewell and Runciman [2]; they impleme ...
BNAIC05.pdf
... based on selection functions, and (3) some preliminary experiments with an implementation of this framework using a rather simple selection function. For reasoning with inconsistent ontologies, we argue that it is more suitable to use Belnap’s four valued logic [1] to distinguish the following four ...
... based on selection functions, and (3) some preliminary experiments with an implementation of this framework using a rather simple selection function. For reasoning with inconsistent ontologies, we argue that it is more suitable to use Belnap’s four valued logic [1] to distinguish the following four ...
Lisp, Then and Now
... For a function: The arguments are evaluated and their values passed to the function ...
... For a function: The arguments are evaluated and their values passed to the function ...
Expert system - Assignment Point
... such as medical diagnosis, are not easily solved with an algorithm, but instead require reasoning and induction. Numerical algorithms are more efficient then expert systems, and are typically more exact. However, many problems are not suited to being easily modeled mathematically, and in these cases ...
... such as medical diagnosis, are not easily solved with an algorithm, but instead require reasoning and induction. Numerical algorithms are more efficient then expert systems, and are typically more exact. However, many problems are not suited to being easily modeled mathematically, and in these cases ...
Fixed-parameter complexity in AI and nonmonotonic reasoning
... basic and most fundamental structural property considered in the context of CSPs (and conjunctive database queries) is acyclicity. It was recognized independently in AI and in database theory that acyclic CSPs (respectively, conjunctive queries) are solvable in polynomial time. There are many equiva ...
... basic and most fundamental structural property considered in the context of CSPs (and conjunctive database queries) is acyclicity. It was recognized independently in AI and in database theory that acyclic CSPs (respectively, conjunctive queries) are solvable in polynomial time. There are many equiva ...
7. Propositional Logic Rational Thinking, Logic, Resolution
... We use propositional logic for this (for the time being). Formulae of propositional logic can be valid, satisfiable, or unsatisfiable. The concept of logical implication is important. Logical implication can be mechanized by using an inference calculus → resolution. Propositional logic quickly becom ...
... We use propositional logic for this (for the time being). Formulae of propositional logic can be valid, satisfiable, or unsatisfiable. The concept of logical implication is important. Logical implication can be mechanized by using an inference calculus → resolution. Propositional logic quickly becom ...