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David Bergman Assistant Professor Operations and Information
David Bergman Assistant Professor Operations and Information

... from Binary Decision Diagrams [Extended Abstract]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2014) , volume 8656 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 903-907, 2014. D. Bergman, A.A. Cire, A. Sabharwal, H. Samulowitz, W.-J van Hoeve. D ...
An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages
An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages

... subproblems 2. Each subproblem is solved 3. The solutions of all subproblems are then combined to solve the problem ...
Learning Datalog Programs from Input and Output
Learning Datalog Programs from Input and Output

... P such that the least model of P ∪ I is O for every hI, Oi in E. As a matter of fact, the two examples in E violate the convergence condition. Now we formalize the above constraints as the notion of coherence. A set E of examples is coherent if – I ⊆ O for every hI, Oi ∈ E, and – each two distinct e ...
Robotics, Temporal Logic and Stream Reasoning
Robotics, Temporal Logic and Stream Reasoning

... intelligent behaviours. The basis for such behaviours is goal-directed and includes various forms of reasoning, either explicit or implicit. This paper focuses on a number of logic-based functionalities used in very complex autonomous unmanned aircraft systems developed and deployed in the past deca ...
Selecting Integrated Approach for Knowledge Representation by
Selecting Integrated Approach for Knowledge Representation by

... 5. Efficient  The knowledge can be represented in a format that is suitable for computers.  Practical inference procedures exist for the chosen format. 6. Effective  There is an inference procedure which can act on it to make new sentences. ...
(2009). Cognitive computational intelligence
(2009). Cognitive computational intelligence

... CC is related to formal logic – Law of excluded middle (or excluded third) • every logical statement is either true or false ...
Aug16_2010 - Computer Science
Aug16_2010 - Computer Science

...  provides sound set of concurrency features Hence Java is used for all the illustrative examples, the demonstrations and the exercises. Later chapters will explain how to construct Java programs such as the Cruise Control System. “Toy” problems are also used as they exemplify particular aspects of ...
Paradigms
Paradigms

... A rule-based program is a collection of if-then rules. if name = "" then input name; if name starts with "A" then print "Early in the ...
Paradigms
Paradigms

... A rule-based program is a collection of if-then rules. if name = "" then input name; if name starts with "A" then print "Early in the ...
Semantic Networks: Visualizations of Knowledge
Semantic Networks: Visualizations of Knowledge

... pointers. However, other structures can be used. Lendaris uses a hash-table form to represent graphs [19], and object-based implementations are also available. There is nothing special about atoms and pointers, other than ease of implementation. A computer program is a symbol system, just like FOL o ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... characteristics of the world and its knowledge, then explore the possibility and limitation of knowledge. ...
David Bergman Assistant Professor Operations and Information Management Department School of Business,
David Bergman Assistant Professor Operations and Information Management Department School of Business,

... Parallel Combinatorial Optimization with Decision Diagrams. Proceedings of the International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems (CPAIOR) , volume 8451 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 351-367, 2014. D. Bergma ...
PowerPoint 簡報 - 智慧型系統暨媒體處理實驗室
PowerPoint 簡報 - 智慧型系統暨媒體處理實驗室

... So, we must first know the characteristics of the world and its knowledge, then explore the possibility and limitation of knowledge.  傳統的邏輯或數學體系是二元體系,無法處 理具有不確定性的問題或者對需要multiple truth values的問題之處理效率不足  你如何定義一個集合:老年人? ...
English
English

... could perform tasks such as playing chess. None of the programs developed in the 1960s were able to solve complex problems, although they did further the understanding of the intelligent problem-solving process. Gaming programs became popular for testing AI as this was the easiest way to compare two ...
Fuzzy Systems and Neuro-Computing in Credit Approval
Fuzzy Systems and Neuro-Computing in Credit Approval

... between 0 and 1. For the mortgage loan example, Table 1 displays the class intervals of the input variables. As illustrated, ratio 1 can be described as very low, low, medium, high, or very high. Similarly, as shown in part B of Table 1, ratio 2 also varies between 0 and 1. Unlike ratio 1 and ratio ...
Overview of Leda Programming Language
Overview of Leda Programming Language

... language. As such, Leda spans the boundaries of the well known programming language models as the imperative, functional and logic models. Also included in Leda's language arsenal is support of the object oriented programming model. Leda was developed in the early 1990's by Timothy A. Budd an associ ...
Assignment and Precedence
Assignment and Precedence

... values • For example, MAX_LOAD means more than the literal 250  Second, they facilitate program maintenance • If a constant is used in multiple places, its value need only be updated in one place  Third, they formally establish that a value should not change, avoiding inadvertent errors by other p ...
COS 217:  Introduction to Programming Systems Goals for Today’s Class
COS 217: Introduction to Programming Systems Goals for Today’s Class

... concise manner in which powerful expressions can be coded.” • “C allowed programmers to (while sacrificing portability) have direct access to many machine-level features that would otherwise require the use of assembly language.” • “C is quirky, flawed, and an enormous success. While accidents of hi ...
Super Logic Programs - Institut für Informatik
Super Logic Programs - Institut für Informatik

... programs can be viewed, in this sense, as the simplest non-monotonic extension of classical monotonic logic. However, standard logic programs suffer from some important limitations. Most importantly, they are unable to handle disjunctive information1 . Yet, in natural discourse as well as in various ...
Soft computing is an association of computing
Soft computing is an association of computing

... systems are very useful in two general contexts: (1) in situations involving highly complex systems whose behaviors are not well understood, and (2) In situations where an approximate, but fast, solution is warranted. ...
Lecture notes for week 6
Lecture notes for week 6

... Without details, accept that this algorithm is both sound and complete. ...
Enhancing Student Learning of Programming via Gaming Technology
Enhancing Student Learning of Programming via Gaming Technology

... containing one or more Actor objects. This grid corresponds to a coordinate system, except that the Y-axis points down instead of up (i.e. See Figure 7.) [3][21]. Users can invoke methods and create classes and objects by clicking the mouse. This helps in teaching the differences between classes and ...
KRR Lectures — Contents
KRR Lectures — Contents

... A problem domain is intractable if it is not possible for a (conventional) computer program to solve it in ‘reasonable’ time (and with ‘reasonable’ use of other resources such as memory). Certain classes of logical problem are not only intractable but also undecidable. This means that there is no pr ...
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... C vs. Java: Design Goals •  Differences in design goals explain many differences between the languages •  Cʼs design goal explains many of its eccentricities •  Weʼll see examples throughout the course ...
$doc.title

... C vs. Java: Design Goals •  Differences in design goals explain many differences between the languages •  Cʼs design goal explains many of its eccentricities •  Weʼll see examples throughout the course ...
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Logic programming

Logic programming is a programming paradigm based on formal logic. A program written in a logic programming language is a set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain. Major logic programming language families include Prolog, Answer set programming (ASP) and Datalog. In all of these languages, rules are written in the form of clauses:H :- B1, …, Bn.and are read declaratively as logical implications:H if B1 and … and Bn.H is called the head of the rule and B1, …, Bn is called the body. Facts are rules that have no body, and are written in the simplified form:H.In the simplest case in which H, B1, …, Bn are all atomic formulae, these clauses are called definite clauses or Horn clauses. However, there exist many extensions of this simple case, the most important one being the case in which conditions in the body of a clause can also be negations of atomic formulae. Logic programming languages that include this extension have the knowledge representation capabilities of a non-monotonic logic.In ASP and Datalog, logic programs have only a declarative reading, and their execution is performed by means of a proof procedure or model generator whose behaviour is not meant to be under the control of the programmer. However, in the Prolog family of languages, logic programs also have a procedural interpretation as goal-reduction procedures:to solve H, solve B1, and ... and solve Bn.Consider, for example, the following clause:fallible(X) :- human(X).based on an example used by Terry Winograd to illustrate the programming language Planner. As a clause in a logic program, it can be used both as a procedure to test whether X is fallible by testing whether X is human, and as a procedure to find an X that is fallible by finding an X that is human. Even facts have a procedural interpretation. For example, the clause:human(socrates).can be used both as a procedure to show that socrates is human, and as a procedure to find an X that is human by ""assigning"" socrates to X.The declarative reading of logic programs can be used by a programmer to verify their correctness. Moreover, logic-based program transformation techniques can also be used to transform logic programs into logically equivalent programs that are more efficient. In the Prolog family of logic programming languages, the programmer can also use the known problem-solving behaviour of the execution mechanism to improve the efficiency of programs.
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