• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Functional programming languages - Gallium
Functional programming languages - Gallium

... Conversion to exception-returning style Goal: get rid of exceptions. Input: a functional language featuring exceptions (raise and try...with). Output: a functional language with pattern-matching but no exceptions. Idea: every expression a evaluates to either V (v ) if a evaluates normally or to E (v ...
pdf file
pdf file

... occurs when the observation information is contradictory: for some of the attributes not any value is possible. Underspecification can lead to an approximation (an upper bound) of the solution of the classification: a set of possibilities, one of which is the right solution. If the number of observa ...
Applications of MaxSAT in Automotive Configuration - CEUR
Applications of MaxSAT in Automotive Configuration - CEUR

... example of Mercedes-Benz. A standard problem to be solved there is the following: Given a (sub-)set O = {o1 , . . . , on } of equipment options and a set C = {c1 , . . . , cm } of configuration constraints whose variables are all options, is it possible to configure a car with the options in O such ...
Lecture slides for Chapter 9
Lecture slides for Chapter 9

... • John McCarthy • Function applications – Prefix (Polish) notation : flexibility – Fully parenthesized : no precedence rules ...
Automated Deduction Looking Ahead
Automated Deduction Looking Ahead

... I make no attempt to be historically complete but, rather, note events of particular pertinence to our present status. I do note the first automated theorem prover, the LOGIC THEORIST developed by Newell, Shaw, and Simon (1963) in the mid-1950s. The LOGIC THEORIST was significant for several innovat ...
ppt
ppt

... regains control and picks up where it left off. ...
Implementing Ordered Disjunction Using Answer Set Solvers for
Implementing Ordered Disjunction Using Answer Set Solvers for

... Logic programming with ordered disjunction is an extension of logic programming with two kinds of negation (default and strong negation) [4]. The new connective × representing ordered disjunction is allowed to appear in the head of rules only. A (propositional) LPOD thus consists of rules of the for ...
Reasoning in Argumentation Frameworks Using Quantified
Reasoning in Argumentation Frameworks Using Quantified

... The truth conditions for ⊥, ∨, →, and ↔ follow from the above in the usual way. We say that Φ is true under I iff νI (Φ) = 1, otherwise Φ is false under I. If νI (Φ) = 1, then I is a model of Φ. If Φ has some model, then Φ is said to be satisfiable. If Φ is true under any interpretation, then Φ is v ...
ppt - Pacific University
ppt - Pacific University

... prohibited. Further, source code is not to exchange hands in any form or by any medium except when sending your solutions to the instructor. It is OK to share high level ideas during the design phase, help someone in the class fix a bug occasionally, share information dealing with OS issues, debugge ...
A Hennessy-Milner Property for Many
A Hennessy-Milner Property for Many

... Theoretical studies of many-valued modal logics have concentrated to date mostly on issues of axiomatization, decidability, and complexity. Other topics from the rich theory of modal logics, such as first-order correspondence theory, canonical models, etc. have not as yet received much attention. In ...
Document
Document

... are handled well. ...
10. Fuzzy Reasoning - Computing Science
10. Fuzzy Reasoning - Computing Science

... A fuzzy expert system is built by creating a set of fuzzy rules, and applying fuzzy inference. In many ways this is more appropriate than standard expert systems since expert knowledge is not usually black and white but has elements of grey. The first stage in building a fuzzy expert system is choos ...
9781285081953_PPT_ch12
9781285081953_PPT_ch12

... of Exception Handling (cont’d.) • Java’s object-oriented, error-handling technique – Statements of the program that do the “real” work are placed together, where their logic is easy to follow – Unusual, exceptional events are grouped and moved out of the way ...
Actions and Specificity
Actions and Specificity

... to hold after executing the action. McCarthy and Hayes [25] solved this problem by adding additional frame axioms; one for each action and each fact. The obvious problem with this solution is that the number of frame axioms rapidly increases when many actions and many facts occur. Robert Kowalski r ...
Final Course Review
Final Course Review

... • Unlike search techniques, means-ends analysis can select an action even if it is not possible in the current state. • If a planner selects an action that results in the goal state, but is not currently possible, then it will be set as a new goal the conditions necessary for carrying put that actio ...
Slides
Slides

... • This form of rank 2 polymorphism has been exploited to justify fusion or deforestation. • Consider sum(map (+1) (upto 3)) sum(map (+1) [1,2,3]) sum[2,3,4] ...
An Introduction to Control Structures
An Introduction to Control Structures

... of which represents a true or false value • You can use a Hashtable collection for keyvalue pairs • The Properties class extends Hashtable and suitable for writing to or reading from I/O streams • The Vector class supports a dynamically resizable list of object references • The Stack class provides ...
چند نمومه تمرین - Hassan Saneifar Professional Page
چند نمومه تمرین - Hassan Saneifar Professional Page

... Problem Solver (GPS) that could solve many different problems using only a small set of rules ...
AI III CS QB - E
AI III CS QB - E

... 19.Whch of the following is an example for certain outcome? A. Robot control arm B.Bridge C.8-Puzzle D. None of the above Answer:C 20.Whch of the following is an example for un-certain outcome? A. Robot control arm B.Bridge C.8-Puzzle D. A and B Answer: Option D 21. What is open loop approach? A. F ...
Jurek Gryz The frame problem in artificial intelligence and
Jurek Gryz The frame problem in artificial intelligence and

... outside of the domain in question. As soon as the problems become open-ended (writing a funny story, holding a conversation, or even grocery shopping) commonsense knowledge becomes indispensable. Even a seemingly simple task of language comprehension can be insurmountable as it may require large amo ...
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

... • One is biological, based on the idea that since humans are intelligent, AI should study humans and imitate their psychology or physiology. • The other is phenomenal, based on studying and formalizing common sense facts about the world and the problems that the world presents to the achievement of ...
Main Areas of AI
Main Areas of AI

... • If computers are intelligent what civil rights should be given to computers? • If computers can perform most of our work; what should the human beings do? • Only those things that can be represented in computers are important. • It is fun to play with computers. ...
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

... • One is biological, based on the idea that since humans are intelligent, AI should study humans and imitate their psychology or physiology. • The other is phenomenal, based on studying and formalizing common sense facts about the world and the problems that the world presents to the achievement of ...
Verilog Slides
Verilog Slides

... • One-output boolean operators: and, or, xor, nand, nor, xnor • E.g., C = A+B or (C, A, B); • E.g., C= A+B+D or (C, A, B, D); • One-input operators: not • E.g., A = not Z not (A, Z); • E.g., A = not Z, B = not Z not (A, B, Z); • Buf is like not but just replicates signals – we don’t need ...
Reasoning about Time
Reasoning about Time

... reasoning techniques to deal specifically with temporal constraints between temporal entities (time points or intervals), independently of the events and states associated with them. For instance, given three time intervals I1 , I2 and I3 , if I1 is before I2 and I2 is before I3 , then one can infer ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 29 >

Logic programming

Logic programming is a programming paradigm based on formal logic. A program written in a logic programming language is a set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain. Major logic programming language families include Prolog, Answer set programming (ASP) and Datalog. In all of these languages, rules are written in the form of clauses:H :- B1, …, Bn.and are read declaratively as logical implications:H if B1 and … and Bn.H is called the head of the rule and B1, …, Bn is called the body. Facts are rules that have no body, and are written in the simplified form:H.In the simplest case in which H, B1, …, Bn are all atomic formulae, these clauses are called definite clauses or Horn clauses. However, there exist many extensions of this simple case, the most important one being the case in which conditions in the body of a clause can also be negations of atomic formulae. Logic programming languages that include this extension have the knowledge representation capabilities of a non-monotonic logic.In ASP and Datalog, logic programs have only a declarative reading, and their execution is performed by means of a proof procedure or model generator whose behaviour is not meant to be under the control of the programmer. However, in the Prolog family of languages, logic programs also have a procedural interpretation as goal-reduction procedures:to solve H, solve B1, and ... and solve Bn.Consider, for example, the following clause:fallible(X) :- human(X).based on an example used by Terry Winograd to illustrate the programming language Planner. As a clause in a logic program, it can be used both as a procedure to test whether X is fallible by testing whether X is human, and as a procedure to find an X that is fallible by finding an X that is human. Even facts have a procedural interpretation. For example, the clause:human(socrates).can be used both as a procedure to show that socrates is human, and as a procedure to find an X that is human by ""assigning"" socrates to X.The declarative reading of logic programs can be used by a programmer to verify their correctness. Moreover, logic-based program transformation techniques can also be used to transform logic programs into logically equivalent programs that are more efficient. In the Prolog family of logic programming languages, the programmer can also use the known problem-solving behaviour of the execution mechanism to improve the efficiency of programs.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report