IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis can often be made on the nature of clinical presenting features [26]. The various methods for isolating the Candida species are culture of whole saliva, swab, imprint culture, smear, concentrated oral rinse, biopsy, direct microscopy. Culture of whole saliva has the adv ...
... Diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis can often be made on the nature of clinical presenting features [26]. The various methods for isolating the Candida species are culture of whole saliva, swab, imprint culture, smear, concentrated oral rinse, biopsy, direct microscopy. Culture of whole saliva has the adv ...
Avian and swine influenza viruses
... through the faecal-oral route via surface waters. Surveillance studies in wild birds in North America and Europe have revealed a high prevalence of viruses of low virulence for poultry. Isolation rates may reach up to 15% in ducks and up to 2.8% in other wild birds, but they also depend on the bird ...
... through the faecal-oral route via surface waters. Surveillance studies in wild birds in North America and Europe have revealed a high prevalence of viruses of low virulence for poultry. Isolation rates may reach up to 15% in ducks and up to 2.8% in other wild birds, but they also depend on the bird ...
(2010) A low-pathogenic variant of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus
... - the method for detection of segment 7 (Plarre et al. 2005 Dis. Aquat. Org., 66, 71-79) which has been adapted to one-step RT-PCR conditions. The validation was conducted using kidney-, heart- and gill tissues from both ISAV infected and healthy Atlantic salmon. ISAV strains represented each of the ...
... - the method for detection of segment 7 (Plarre et al. 2005 Dis. Aquat. Org., 66, 71-79) which has been adapted to one-step RT-PCR conditions. The validation was conducted using kidney-, heart- and gill tissues from both ISAV infected and healthy Atlantic salmon. ISAV strains represented each of the ...
Cold Sores Policy - Holistic Dental Centre
... The cold sore virus is very common and is carried by up to 80% of the population. It is caused by a virus called herpes simplex(HSV). Cold sores are highly infectious and capable of spreading to other parts of the body. Once you have been infected, the virus lies dormant in the nerves that supply fe ...
... The cold sore virus is very common and is carried by up to 80% of the population. It is caused by a virus called herpes simplex(HSV). Cold sores are highly infectious and capable of spreading to other parts of the body. Once you have been infected, the virus lies dormant in the nerves that supply fe ...
Efavirenz as a cause of ataxia in children
... of patients develop CNS and psychiatric adverse effects in the first 6 weeks of treatment,[11] with most symptoms resolving 6 - 10 weeks after treatment initiation.[6] Hoffmann et al.[12] documented neurocerebellar side-effects in patients using efavirenz. These symptoms were based on patient selfre ...
... of patients develop CNS and psychiatric adverse effects in the first 6 weeks of treatment,[11] with most symptoms resolving 6 - 10 weeks after treatment initiation.[6] Hoffmann et al.[12] documented neurocerebellar side-effects in patients using efavirenz. These symptoms were based on patient selfre ...
replication, transmission, and protection of live
... sulfate proteoglycans, the primary host cell surface receptor for this virus (82). Kingsley et al (83) characterized glycoprotein C of ILTV to be smaller than that of other alphaherpesviruses. The shorter gC of ILTV lacks the heparin binding domain found in other alphaherpesviruses. Therefore, it ap ...
... sulfate proteoglycans, the primary host cell surface receptor for this virus (82). Kingsley et al (83) characterized glycoprotein C of ILTV to be smaller than that of other alphaherpesviruses. The shorter gC of ILTV lacks the heparin binding domain found in other alphaherpesviruses. Therefore, it ap ...
WHO Guidelines on viral inactivation and removal procedures
... depending on their prevalence in the donor population. Other examples include cytomegalovirus and human T lymphotropic virus I and II (HTLV I + II) which are strongly cell-associated and are therefore not considered to pose a significant risk in therapeutic proteins derived from human plasma, althou ...
... depending on their prevalence in the donor population. Other examples include cytomegalovirus and human T lymphotropic virus I and II (HTLV I + II) which are strongly cell-associated and are therefore not considered to pose a significant risk in therapeutic proteins derived from human plasma, althou ...
Mixed infection with multiple strains of murine cytomegalovirus
... infection with different CMV isolates. The incidence and mechanisms by which mixed infection occurs in free-living mice are unknown. This study used two approaches to determine whether mixed infection with MCMV could be established in laboratory mice. The first utilized two naturally occurring MCMV ...
... infection with different CMV isolates. The incidence and mechanisms by which mixed infection occurs in free-living mice are unknown. This study used two approaches to determine whether mixed infection with MCMV could be established in laboratory mice. The first utilized two naturally occurring MCMV ...
Asymptomatic infection and unrecognised Ebola Virus Disease
... had died, using predefined levels.12 The highest level was touching the body of someone who died of EVD, then direct contact with body fluids of a “wet” case (i.e. an EVD case with diarrhoea, vomiting or bleeding); direct contact with a wet case (including nursing and personal care, sharing a bed); ...
... had died, using predefined levels.12 The highest level was touching the body of someone who died of EVD, then direct contact with body fluids of a “wet” case (i.e. an EVD case with diarrhoea, vomiting or bleeding); direct contact with a wet case (including nursing and personal care, sharing a bed); ...
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Hantaviruses)
... weeks and months.2 Human transmission occurs accidentally by inhalation of these aerosolized virus containing particles, or contact with urine, secretions, or feces of infected rodents.3 Hantavirus leads to two type of zoonotic infections; Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus ...
... weeks and months.2 Human transmission occurs accidentally by inhalation of these aerosolized virus containing particles, or contact with urine, secretions, or feces of infected rodents.3 Hantavirus leads to two type of zoonotic infections; Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus ...
Immunohistochemical analysis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis
... and Wagner 1977). IHNV is a unique member of the Rhabdoviridae family in that its genome contains six genes instead of the characteristic five. The six genes of IHNV have been shown by electrophoresis to encode five structural proteins; a nucleocapsid (N) protein, two matrix (M1, M2) proteins, a gly ...
... and Wagner 1977). IHNV is a unique member of the Rhabdoviridae family in that its genome contains six genes instead of the characteristic five. The six genes of IHNV have been shown by electrophoresis to encode five structural proteins; a nucleocapsid (N) protein, two matrix (M1, M2) proteins, a gly ...
SERIES ‘‘UPDATE ON TUBERCULOSIS’’ Number 3 in this Series
... Several studies from sub-Saharan Africa have demonstrated that TB is present in approximately half of HIV-1 infected persons at post mortem and in many TB was not diagnosed ante mortem. Therefore, it is critical to investigate, diagnose and start TB treatment rapidly in HIV-1 infected patients, to r ...
... Several studies from sub-Saharan Africa have demonstrated that TB is present in approximately half of HIV-1 infected persons at post mortem and in many TB was not diagnosed ante mortem. Therefore, it is critical to investigate, diagnose and start TB treatment rapidly in HIV-1 infected patients, to r ...
IDENTIFICATION OF INCLUSIONS IN VIRUS DISEASES* Scarcely
... acidophilic. They should not be confused with nuclear inclusions occasioned by viruses. Sections of the kidneys from 1012 routine autopsies have been examined.18 Inclusions of type B were found in only 17 or 1.67 per cent. • No type A inclusions were seen. But in animals nuclear inclusions are often ...
... acidophilic. They should not be confused with nuclear inclusions occasioned by viruses. Sections of the kidneys from 1012 routine autopsies have been examined.18 Inclusions of type B were found in only 17 or 1.67 per cent. • No type A inclusions were seen. But in animals nuclear inclusions are often ...
Biosafety Level 2 - University of Guelph Physics
... The Public Health Agency of Canada is moving away from classifying organisms according to risk group towards a classification system based on containment level. Containment levels are more appropriate and give the end-user an indication of the containment required for handling the organism safely in ...
... The Public Health Agency of Canada is moving away from classifying organisms according to risk group towards a classification system based on containment level. Containment levels are more appropriate and give the end-user an indication of the containment required for handling the organism safely in ...
Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy
... diVerentiation between primary and latent infection ...
... diVerentiation between primary and latent infection ...
Genotype Analysis of Measles Viruses, 2002
... could have been cases of primary vaccine failure . ...
... could have been cases of primary vaccine failure . ...
FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS (FIP)
... Fortunately, FCoV is relatively benign. FCoV is relatively unstable outside the host. However, recent studies suggest that infectious concentrations of virus can persist for as long as two weeks, considerably longer than previously thought, under laboratory conditions. For what it's worth, most comm ...
... Fortunately, FCoV is relatively benign. FCoV is relatively unstable outside the host. However, recent studies suggest that infectious concentrations of virus can persist for as long as two weeks, considerably longer than previously thought, under laboratory conditions. For what it's worth, most comm ...
Post-translational regulation and modifications of flavivirus structural
... of the replication cycles of these viruses and have revealed several elegant and tightly co-ordinated post-translational modifications that regulate the activity of viral proteins. The three structural proteins in particular – capsid (C), pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) – are subjected to strict ...
... of the replication cycles of these viruses and have revealed several elegant and tightly co-ordinated post-translational modifications that regulate the activity of viral proteins. The three structural proteins in particular – capsid (C), pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) – are subjected to strict ...
HCV Virology Simplified. S Uprichard, PhD
... Translated in the cytoplasm by the host cell Polyprotein processed by host & viral proteases Identification of possible HCV antiviral targets (protease/polymerase) ...
... Translated in the cytoplasm by the host cell Polyprotein processed by host & viral proteases Identification of possible HCV antiviral targets (protease/polymerase) ...
Viral adaptation to host - Molecular Systems Biology
... history of viral adaptation propose a cross talk between codon usage, replication mode, genome size, and host range (Koonin et al, 2006). Furthermore, the observation that there exist both eukaryotic viruses that have adapted their codon usage toward their hosts and those that show little evidence f ...
... history of viral adaptation propose a cross talk between codon usage, replication mode, genome size, and host range (Koonin et al, 2006). Furthermore, the observation that there exist both eukaryotic viruses that have adapted their codon usage toward their hosts and those that show little evidence f ...
Antibodies to selected pathogens in wild boar () from Catalonia
... that they could be the source of infection for the wild boars (Ruiz-Fons et al. 2008). In addition, the low seroprevalence found in PYR against PPV and PCV2 supports this hypothesis because there are few domestic pig farms in this high mountain area, when compared to both the other study areas where ...
... that they could be the source of infection for the wild boars (Ruiz-Fons et al. 2008). In addition, the low seroprevalence found in PYR against PPV and PCV2 supports this hypothesis because there are few domestic pig farms in this high mountain area, when compared to both the other study areas where ...
Infections and exercise in high-performance athletes
... accumulated muscle protein losses to be replenished in individuals not engaging in systematic training programmes. This period is much longer after more long-lasting or severe infections, such as tularaemia or malaria (Fig. 2).14 Muscle trainability is preserved in early malnutrition,42 as well as d ...
... accumulated muscle protein losses to be replenished in individuals not engaging in systematic training programmes. This period is much longer after more long-lasting or severe infections, such as tularaemia or malaria (Fig. 2).14 Muscle trainability is preserved in early malnutrition,42 as well as d ...
H1N1 Influenza A infection
... of two strains, both found in swine, of unknown origin. S-OIV can be transmitted from human to human and causes the normal symptoms of influenza. Prevention of swine influenza spread among humans includes use of standard infection control measures against influenza and constitutes the main scope of ...
... of two strains, both found in swine, of unknown origin. S-OIV can be transmitted from human to human and causes the normal symptoms of influenza. Prevention of swine influenza spread among humans includes use of standard infection control measures against influenza and constitutes the main scope of ...
Verbal autopsy can consistently measure AIDS mortality: a
... the algorithm can be widely used, it must be demonstrated that it performs similarly and predictably in different settings of high HIV-associated mortality (validation in place) and can perform well at different phases of the epidemic when levels of AIDS mortality differ (validation in time). ...
... the algorithm can be widely used, it must be demonstrated that it performs similarly and predictably in different settings of high HIV-associated mortality (validation in place) and can perform well at different phases of the epidemic when levels of AIDS mortality differ (validation in time). ...
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.