Macrophages participate in host protection and the
... concomitant macrophage behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the macrophage immune response after Leishmania braziliensis infection in cells derived from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) patients, subclinical individuals (SC) and healthy control subjects (HS). ...
... concomitant macrophage behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the macrophage immune response after Leishmania braziliensis infection in cells derived from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) patients, subclinical individuals (SC) and healthy control subjects (HS). ...
The Association Between Serological Titers in Infectious
... been suspected for many years that synergism between viruses and pasteurellae is an important part of the etiology of bovine respiratory disease". He then reviewed the available evidence for this statement, emphasizing parainfluenza-3 (P13) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (i.e. infectious bovine rhinotrac ...
... been suspected for many years that synergism between viruses and pasteurellae is an important part of the etiology of bovine respiratory disease". He then reviewed the available evidence for this statement, emphasizing parainfluenza-3 (P13) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (i.e. infectious bovine rhinotrac ...
Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease
... Macaques have served as models for more than 70 human infectious diseases of diverse etiologies, including a multitude of agents—bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions. The remarkable diversity of human infectious diseases that have been modeled in the macaque includes global, childhood, and tr ...
... Macaques have served as models for more than 70 human infectious diseases of diverse etiologies, including a multitude of agents—bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions. The remarkable diversity of human infectious diseases that have been modeled in the macaque includes global, childhood, and tr ...
A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella
... Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 88.99.165.207 On: Sat, 06 May 2017 20:07:50 ...
... Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 88.99.165.207 On: Sat, 06 May 2017 20:07:50 ...
curriculum vitae - University of Calgary contacts directory
... Krentz HB, Gill MJ 2010 Monitoring and adjusting for future needs in response to changing HIV policies. Lancet ID 10:671-672. ...
... Krentz HB, Gill MJ 2010 Monitoring and adjusting for future needs in response to changing HIV policies. Lancet ID 10:671-672. ...
FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS (FIP)
... with concurrent feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection may have profound panleukopenia. In most cases of FIP, a mild to moderately severe anemia exists. Fluid Analysis: Peritoneal and pleural effusions (when present!) are characteristic and essentially diagnostic. The fluid is light to dark yellow ...
... with concurrent feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection may have profound panleukopenia. In most cases of FIP, a mild to moderately severe anemia exists. Fluid Analysis: Peritoneal and pleural effusions (when present!) are characteristic and essentially diagnostic. The fluid is light to dark yellow ...
Computer virus / Unauthorized Computer Access Incident Report for
... steals IDs/Passwords for online banking systems, were detected in large numbers. The number of the malicious programs detected as a whole has increased in this quarter (see Figure 1-4). Most of these viruses and malicious programs use e-mails as their infection route (see Figure 1-6). So, by properl ...
... steals IDs/Passwords for online banking systems, were detected in large numbers. The number of the malicious programs detected as a whole has increased in this quarter (see Figure 1-4). Most of these viruses and malicious programs use e-mails as their infection route (see Figure 1-6). So, by properl ...
Chikungunya Fever: A New Concern For the Western Hemisphere
... the pathogenesis associated with infection is not fully understood. The virus has been shown to replicate in fibroblast and myoblast cells [19]; macrophages play an integral role in the acute infection with activation of the innate immune system [19-22], and subsequent activation of the adaptive imm ...
... the pathogenesis associated with infection is not fully understood. The virus has been shown to replicate in fibroblast and myoblast cells [19]; macrophages play an integral role in the acute infection with activation of the innate immune system [19-22], and subsequent activation of the adaptive imm ...
Entry of feline infectious peritonitis virus in blood monocytes
... spike (S-) protein (Fig. 2). The nascent S polypeptide is directed to the ER by a signal peptide (Masters, 2006). During maturation in the ER, S is heavily glycosylated and the ~150-200 kDa monomers form trimers. S-trimers are incorporated in virions by associating with the membrane protein during t ...
... spike (S-) protein (Fig. 2). The nascent S polypeptide is directed to the ER by a signal peptide (Masters, 2006). During maturation in the ER, S is heavily glycosylated and the ~150-200 kDa monomers form trimers. S-trimers are incorporated in virions by associating with the membrane protein during t ...
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease - The Center for Food Security and
... America, where O. cuniculus does not occur in the wild. Outbreaks were reported among domesticated rabbits in the U.S. in 2000 (Iowa), 2001 (Utah, Illinois, New York), 2005 (Indiana), 2008 (Maryland) and 2010 (Minnesota). In some cases, only a single facility or household was affected. The origins o ...
... America, where O. cuniculus does not occur in the wild. Outbreaks were reported among domesticated rabbits in the U.S. in 2000 (Iowa), 2001 (Utah, Illinois, New York), 2005 (Indiana), 2008 (Maryland) and 2010 (Minnesota). In some cases, only a single facility or household was affected. The origins o ...
The Role of Name-Based Notification in Public Health and
... confidentiality, was in many respects a response to the failure of the previous attempt to control venereal disease through coercive means. Although some medical professionals continued to support mandatory name-based notification, by 1923 Britain’s voluntary clinic system obviated the need for mand ...
... confidentiality, was in many respects a response to the failure of the previous attempt to control venereal disease through coercive means. Although some medical professionals continued to support mandatory name-based notification, by 1923 Britain’s voluntary clinic system obviated the need for mand ...
Genital Herpes Fact Sheet
... g How common is gential herpes? Results of a nationally representative study show that genital herpes infection is common in the United States. Nationwide, at least 45 million people ages 12 and older, or one out of five adolescents and adults, have had genital HSV infection. Over the past decade, t ...
... g How common is gential herpes? Results of a nationally representative study show that genital herpes infection is common in the United States. Nationwide, at least 45 million people ages 12 and older, or one out of five adolescents and adults, have had genital HSV infection. Over the past decade, t ...
Immune correlates of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
... Alveolar macrophages constitute a primary first-line host defense and recognize Cryptococcus spores via Dectin-1 receptors [5]. Phagocytosis occurs through antibody- and complementmediated, opsonin-dependent pathways and non-opsonin-dependent interaction of cryptococcus surface epitopes with recepto ...
... Alveolar macrophages constitute a primary first-line host defense and recognize Cryptococcus spores via Dectin-1 receptors [5]. Phagocytosis occurs through antibody- and complementmediated, opsonin-dependent pathways and non-opsonin-dependent interaction of cryptococcus surface epitopes with recepto ...
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
... and case reports of fetal abnormalities in women with first trimester EFV exposure. Women must be counselled about the risks of EFV and if planning pregnancy EFV should be avoided. NVP CD4 count restrictions do not apply to the use of single-dose NVP (sdNVP) to reduce MTCT. PIs can be used in pregnan ...
... and case reports of fetal abnormalities in women with first trimester EFV exposure. Women must be counselled about the risks of EFV and if planning pregnancy EFV should be avoided. NVP CD4 count restrictions do not apply to the use of single-dose NVP (sdNVP) to reduce MTCT. PIs can be used in pregnan ...
Induction of protective immunity in chickens vaccinated with
... in chickens immunized with rAcKMS1 after the third immunization (P ! 0±05), and significantly higher than that of wAcNPV-immunized control after challenge (P ! 0±005 ; Table 2, Experiment 1, groups 1 and 3). The titres induced by inactivated KM91 after the second and third immunizations were signifi ...
... in chickens immunized with rAcKMS1 after the third immunization (P ! 0±05), and significantly higher than that of wAcNPV-immunized control after challenge (P ! 0±005 ; Table 2, Experiment 1, groups 1 and 3). The titres induced by inactivated KM91 after the second and third immunizations were signifi ...
trypsin-induced hemagglutination assay for the detection of
... (IBV) in allantoic fluid (AF) of embryonated eggs. The test was used in 20 samples, each collected from 5 different layer farms suspected for IBV. Allantoic fluid from inoculated embryos was harvested and treated with reagent grade trypsin at the percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 for 30 minutes ...
... (IBV) in allantoic fluid (AF) of embryonated eggs. The test was used in 20 samples, each collected from 5 different layer farms suspected for IBV. Allantoic fluid from inoculated embryos was harvested and treated with reagent grade trypsin at the percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 for 30 minutes ...
West Nile Virus - Nicholas Kurek`s Portfolio
... The fact that most cases of WNV are mild leads one to question the accuracy of data. How many folks have had WNV and simply thought it was the flu? How many folks simply do not go to the doctor? How many clinicians have misdiagnosed mild cases? This is important to note as it definitely skews the nu ...
... The fact that most cases of WNV are mild leads one to question the accuracy of data. How many folks have had WNV and simply thought it was the flu? How many folks simply do not go to the doctor? How many clinicians have misdiagnosed mild cases? This is important to note as it definitely skews the nu ...
Lack of evidence of infectious salmon anemia virus
... al. 2001) tested positive for the virus weeks after intraperitoneal injection. Brown trout and sea trout have been proposed as long-term carriers. Sea trout tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for the virus at 135 d postinfection (Devold et al. 2000), and ...
... al. 2001) tested positive for the virus weeks after intraperitoneal injection. Brown trout and sea trout have been proposed as long-term carriers. Sea trout tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for the virus at 135 d postinfection (Devold et al. 2000), and ...
Syphilis Diagnosis and Management
... y In geographic areas in which the prevalence of HIV is high, patients who have primary syphilis should be retested for HIV after 3 months if the first HIV test result was negative (MSM?) y Quantitative non-treponemal serologic tests should be repeated at 6, 12, and 24 months y Patients with normal ...
... y In geographic areas in which the prevalence of HIV is high, patients who have primary syphilis should be retested for HIV after 3 months if the first HIV test result was negative (MSM?) y Quantitative non-treponemal serologic tests should be repeated at 6, 12, and 24 months y Patients with normal ...
Consensus statement on the revised World Health Organization
... countries with a high burden of TB, healthy infants should receive a single dose of BCG as soon as possible after birth, unless a child presented with symptomatic HIV infection. This recommendation was based on the low perceived risk of serious adverse events.6 Identification of HIV infection at bir ...
... countries with a high burden of TB, healthy infants should receive a single dose of BCG as soon as possible after birth, unless a child presented with symptomatic HIV infection. This recommendation was based on the low perceived risk of serious adverse events.6 Identification of HIV infection at bir ...
Genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of infectious
... The structural glycoprotein spike (S) of IBV, forming large club-shaped projections, is a dimer or trimer (Cavanagh, 2007). The S protein is proteolytically highly glycosylated class I viral fusion protein (Bosch et al., 2003) and is processed into two non-covalently bound polypeptides S1 and S2 (St ...
... The structural glycoprotein spike (S) of IBV, forming large club-shaped projections, is a dimer or trimer (Cavanagh, 2007). The S protein is proteolytically highly glycosylated class I viral fusion protein (Bosch et al., 2003) and is processed into two non-covalently bound polypeptides S1 and S2 (St ...
Diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory
... HSV-1 and HSV-2 are ubiquitous, affecting both urban and remote populations worldwide [6]. HSV-1 seroprevalence reaches 50 to 70% in developed countries and 100% in developing countries and HSV-2 seroprevalence varies from 10 to 40% and may reach 60–95% in HIV-infected individuals and female sex wor ...
... HSV-1 and HSV-2 are ubiquitous, affecting both urban and remote populations worldwide [6]. HSV-1 seroprevalence reaches 50 to 70% in developed countries and 100% in developing countries and HSV-2 seroprevalence varies from 10 to 40% and may reach 60–95% in HIV-infected individuals and female sex wor ...
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)
... and proventricular haemorrhages, nephritis and bursal inflammation, with bursal oedema or haemorrhages in the first 4 days, followed by bursal atrophy later in the course of the disease (see Section B.1 Identification of the agent for details). Differential diagnosis of acute IBD should take into ac ...
... and proventricular haemorrhages, nephritis and bursal inflammation, with bursal oedema or haemorrhages in the first 4 days, followed by bursal atrophy later in the course of the disease (see Section B.1 Identification of the agent for details). Differential diagnosis of acute IBD should take into ac ...
In vivo correlates of infectious salmon anemia virus pathogenesis in
... post-inoculation and lasted for 9–15 days with a cumulative mortality of ¢90 %. These highly pathogenic strains also caused low mortality in rainbow trout, albeit later in infection. Viruses with a more delayed or protracted mortality phase resulting in cumulative mortalities of 50–89 % in Atlantic ...
... post-inoculation and lasted for 9–15 days with a cumulative mortality of ¢90 %. These highly pathogenic strains also caused low mortality in rainbow trout, albeit later in infection. Viruses with a more delayed or protracted mortality phase resulting in cumulative mortalities of 50–89 % in Atlantic ...
Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human
... copies/mL). Among 22 donors who were followed, 16 became enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactive within a 15-day median (range, 6-64 days) and of those, 12 who continued to be followed became antibody-confirmedpositive within a 21-day median (range, 10-64 days) from index to the first seropositive sample. ...
... copies/mL). Among 22 donors who were followed, 16 became enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactive within a 15-day median (range, 6-64 days) and of those, 12 who continued to be followed became antibody-confirmedpositive within a 21-day median (range, 10-64 days) from index to the first seropositive sample. ...
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.