Influenza Infection in Humans
... • H5N1 Avian Influenza is currently spreading through birds with occasional cases among humans • While there is evidence of rare human-tohuman transmission, sustained transmission has not occurred • If H5N1 virus obtains the ability to easily transmit from person-to-person, a pandemic may result ...
... • H5N1 Avian Influenza is currently spreading through birds with occasional cases among humans • While there is evidence of rare human-tohuman transmission, sustained transmission has not occurred • If H5N1 virus obtains the ability to easily transmit from person-to-person, a pandemic may result ...
Shingles
... After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease. What are the symptoms of shingles? Shingles is ...
... After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease. What are the symptoms of shingles? Shingles is ...
Recombinant adeno-associated virus purification using
... Figure 3 Iodixanol step gradient for the purification of rAAV. (a) Preformed gradients shown before (left tube) and after (right tube) the 1 h spin. The red or yellow tinge in the 60 and 25% steps is due to the inclusion of phenol red in these steps. The positions of the density steps are shown on t ...
... Figure 3 Iodixanol step gradient for the purification of rAAV. (a) Preformed gradients shown before (left tube) and after (right tube) the 1 h spin. The red or yellow tinge in the 60 and 25% steps is due to the inclusion of phenol red in these steps. The positions of the density steps are shown on t ...
full text
... the transmission parameter R0 . In one compartment with 630 pigs, 6 pens were fully sampled, in the remaining 38 pens, 2 randomly selected pigs were bled. The 151 pigs were bled twice and their serum was tested in a virus neutralisation test. Seroprevalence at the first and second sampling was 41 an ...
... the transmission parameter R0 . In one compartment with 630 pigs, 6 pens were fully sampled, in the remaining 38 pens, 2 randomly selected pigs were bled. The 151 pigs were bled twice and their serum was tested in a virus neutralisation test. Seroprevalence at the first and second sampling was 41 an ...
Seasonality, variation in species prevalence, and localized disease
... tropism for the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney (Chinchar et al. 2009) but other organs are also infected. At the organismal level, infection manifests as hemorrhaging and necrosis in internal organs, often the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestines (Gray et al. 2009a). Affected animals of ...
... tropism for the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney (Chinchar et al. 2009) but other organs are also infected. At the organismal level, infection manifests as hemorrhaging and necrosis in internal organs, often the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestines (Gray et al. 2009a). Affected animals of ...
norovirus: the stomach bug
... Noroviruses are a group single stranded, nonenveloped RNA viruses. Human noroviruses can be divided into three distinct genetic groups (GI, GII, and GIV), which can be further subdivided into at least 25 genotypes. The genetic diversity of noroviruses is due to the error prone nature of RNA replicat ...
... Noroviruses are a group single stranded, nonenveloped RNA viruses. Human noroviruses can be divided into three distinct genetic groups (GI, GII, and GIV), which can be further subdivided into at least 25 genotypes. The genetic diversity of noroviruses is due to the error prone nature of RNA replicat ...
Immunosuppressive Properties of a Virion
... developed progressive fatal fibrosarcoma as compared to one of five non-pl 5-treated cats. The cats receiving p15 also had lower cytotoxic antibody titers against feline on comnavimus-associated cell membrane antigen (mean peak titer, 1:6) than did the non-p15 group (1:74). These data support the hy ...
... developed progressive fatal fibrosarcoma as compared to one of five non-pl 5-treated cats. The cats receiving p15 also had lower cytotoxic antibody titers against feline on comnavimus-associated cell membrane antigen (mean peak titer, 1:6) than did the non-p15 group (1:74). These data support the hy ...
Reassortant Formation and Selection Following Coinfection of
... were provided by R. Wyatt, N.I.H., Bethesda, Md. Each was grown for approximately 10 passages in MA-104 cells obtained from M. Estes, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., U.S.A. Before use in these experiments, both viruses were plaque-purified three times and stock preparations were stored at ...
... were provided by R. Wyatt, N.I.H., Bethesda, Md. Each was grown for approximately 10 passages in MA-104 cells obtained from M. Estes, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., U.S.A. Before use in these experiments, both viruses were plaque-purified three times and stock preparations were stored at ...
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Primary Immune
... were normal. Her mental status continued to decline and she died 3 months later; an autopsy was not performed. Subsequent sequencing of STAT1 identified the novel heterozygous mutation c.1199T>A, p.L400Q in the DNA binding domain, which was predicted to be deleterious by Polyphen and not found in dbS ...
... were normal. Her mental status continued to decline and she died 3 months later; an autopsy was not performed. Subsequent sequencing of STAT1 identified the novel heterozygous mutation c.1199T>A, p.L400Q in the DNA binding domain, which was predicted to be deleterious by Polyphen and not found in dbS ...
Mother-to-child Transmission of Human T-cell
... HTLV-1 seroprevalence in women with age may reflect the relative efficiency of sexual transmission from men to women, compared to women to men. Blood-born transmission requires infected cells; therefore, transfusion of blood products containing WBC fraction, but not plasma fraction only, may result ...
... HTLV-1 seroprevalence in women with age may reflect the relative efficiency of sexual transmission from men to women, compared to women to men. Blood-born transmission requires infected cells; therefore, transfusion of blood products containing WBC fraction, but not plasma fraction only, may result ...
Herpes
... Oral herpes can be stimulated by fever, infection and sunlight (fever blisters). Definite triggers for genital herpes have not been identified. Trauma, stress, diet and sexual activity have been implicated. Can genital herpes be transmitted by a toilet seat? Genital herpes in adults, either Type I o ...
... Oral herpes can be stimulated by fever, infection and sunlight (fever blisters). Definite triggers for genital herpes have not been identified. Trauma, stress, diet and sexual activity have been implicated. Can genital herpes be transmitted by a toilet seat? Genital herpes in adults, either Type I o ...
Hepatitis B: Questions and Answers
... About 3,000 to 4,000 cases of acute hepatitis B are reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; however, the number of new infections is estimated to be much higher. Since the introduction of routine vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection, there has been a significa ...
... About 3,000 to 4,000 cases of acute hepatitis B are reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; however, the number of new infections is estimated to be much higher. Since the introduction of routine vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection, there has been a significa ...
ECDC risk assessment on change of testing requirements for
... 2 Medically assisted reproductive services and blood-borne infections ....................................................................................... 6 3 Current EU requirements for testing donors ............................................................................................... ...
... 2 Medically assisted reproductive services and blood-borne infections ....................................................................................... 6 3 Current EU requirements for testing donors ............................................................................................... ...
The role of animal reservoirs in social– environmental landscapes
... Peru. Despite the great impact of the Spanish flu, little is known about the epidemiology of this pandemic (20). It is presumed that at least 50 million people died, in most cases from pneumonia resulting from a secondary bacterial infection. The symptoms were so unusual that it was first confused w ...
... Peru. Despite the great impact of the Spanish flu, little is known about the epidemiology of this pandemic (20). It is presumed that at least 50 million people died, in most cases from pneumonia resulting from a secondary bacterial infection. The symptoms were so unusual that it was first confused w ...
Potential Pandemic Severity - Appraisals by
... the ability to spread with ease from person to person, while retaining capacity to cause severe disease, is a serious public health concern. During 2011, 2 groups of researchers (one in the Netherlands and the other a joint Japan/USA group) conducted studies to understand better the transmissibility ...
... the ability to spread with ease from person to person, while retaining capacity to cause severe disease, is a serious public health concern. During 2011, 2 groups of researchers (one in the Netherlands and the other a joint Japan/USA group) conducted studies to understand better the transmissibility ...
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infects Atlantic
... Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the Reoviridae family and is the only known fish virus related to the Orthoreovirus genus. The virus is the causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), an emerging disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). PRV is ubiquitous in fa ...
... Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the Reoviridae family and is the only known fish virus related to the Orthoreovirus genus. The virus is the causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), an emerging disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). PRV is ubiquitous in fa ...
Preface Pandemic
... infected. In 1918, the first pandemic (“Spanish Flu”) killed over 500,000 Americans and more than 20 million people worldwide. One-third of the U.S. population was infected, and average life expectancy was reduced by 13 years. Pandemics in 1957 and 1968 killed tens of thousands of Americans and mill ...
... infected. In 1918, the first pandemic (“Spanish Flu”) killed over 500,000 Americans and more than 20 million people worldwide. One-third of the U.S. population was infected, and average life expectancy was reduced by 13 years. Pandemics in 1957 and 1968 killed tens of thousands of Americans and mill ...
Seroepidemiology of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and
... Data on prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are limited in Asia, especially in Iran. Our study aimed on determination of seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in asymptomatic healthy students of Islamic Azad University of Kazeroun, Fars province, southwest of Iran. Patients and methods ...
... Data on prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are limited in Asia, especially in Iran. Our study aimed on determination of seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in asymptomatic healthy students of Islamic Azad University of Kazeroun, Fars province, southwest of Iran. Patients and methods ...
Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis IIFT EUROIMMUN IIFT Infectious Serology
... Indications: Test system for the in vitro determination of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis in human serum or plasma for the diagnosis of the following diseases: trachoma, urogenital tract infections and lymphogranuloma venereum. Clinical significance: The infectious agent Chlamydia trachoma ...
... Indications: Test system for the in vitro determination of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis in human serum or plasma for the diagnosis of the following diseases: trachoma, urogenital tract infections and lymphogranuloma venereum. Clinical significance: The infectious agent Chlamydia trachoma ...
Molecular Evidence of Simian Virus 40 Infections in Children
... same region [4, 5, 9]. Two unique changes, not observed in previous studies, were detected in the viral sequences amplified from transplant patient samples. One change was a duplication of nt 5197–5220 in T-antigen binding site 1 of the ori region (HuKi-2), which added another T-antigen binding moti ...
... same region [4, 5, 9]. Two unique changes, not observed in previous studies, were detected in the viral sequences amplified from transplant patient samples. One change was a duplication of nt 5197–5220 in T-antigen binding site 1 of the ori region (HuKi-2), which added another T-antigen binding moti ...
Regulation of alphavirus 26S mRNA transcription by replicase
... Fax 358 9 1918276. e-mail jaana.suopanki!helsinki.fi ...
... Fax 358 9 1918276. e-mail jaana.suopanki!helsinki.fi ...
Tactics for avoiding others’ germs How to reduce the chance of infection
... Tactics for avoiding others’ germs How to reduce the chance of infection Things to know about immunization Learning how to live with the microbes all around us ...
... Tactics for avoiding others’ germs How to reduce the chance of infection Things to know about immunization Learning how to live with the microbes all around us ...
Screening for Sleep Problems in HIV
... 12. Medications – sleeping pills are used as an aid only, until the non-medication measures become effective. 13. Take _________mg of ______________________ at bedtime ...
... 12. Medications – sleeping pills are used as an aid only, until the non-medication measures become effective. 13. Take _________mg of ______________________ at bedtime ...
Single mutations in the transmembrane envelope protein abrogate
... the same panel of gp41 and the response was similar (Figure 3A). Involvement of the six residues L1, Q2, A3, R4, E9 and D14 in IL-10 release was further confirmed using PBMCs from three other donors (2, 3 and 4, Figure 3A). The reduction of the IL-10 release varied from 2 to 60 times and depended on ...
... the same panel of gp41 and the response was similar (Figure 3A). Involvement of the six residues L1, Q2, A3, R4, E9 and D14 in IL-10 release was further confirmed using PBMCs from three other donors (2, 3 and 4, Figure 3A). The reduction of the IL-10 release varied from 2 to 60 times and depended on ...
Postexposure Prophylaxis Occupational Bloodborne Exposures
... Unknown HIV Status, Unknown Source, or HIV-Negative Source. Use Table 5: HIV PEP for Mucous Membrane and Non-Intact Skin Exposures for Mucous Membrane and Non-Intact Skin Exposures. • Consider contacting a local/regional PEP expert or the PEPline for assistance with counseling and risk stratificati ...
... Unknown HIV Status, Unknown Source, or HIV-Negative Source. Use Table 5: HIV PEP for Mucous Membrane and Non-Intact Skin Exposures for Mucous Membrane and Non-Intact Skin Exposures. • Consider contacting a local/regional PEP expert or the PEPline for assistance with counseling and risk stratificati ...
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.