Characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viruses by their interactions
... chiefly of formation of vacuoles of varying sizes in the cyto plasm, pyknotic nuclei which were often eccentric, and rounding of some of the cells followed by detachment from the monolayer. The CPE alone were not sufficient criteria for identification or characterization of BVD viruses, because non ...
... chiefly of formation of vacuoles of varying sizes in the cyto plasm, pyknotic nuclei which were often eccentric, and rounding of some of the cells followed by detachment from the monolayer. The CPE alone were not sufficient criteria for identification or characterization of BVD viruses, because non ...
Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Treatment Authors: Frederick E
... bronchiolitis who require mechanical ventilation. The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of bronchiolitis in children is discussed in detail separately. (See"Bronchiolitis in infants and children: Treatment; outcome; and prevention", section on 'Glucocorticoids'.) Ongoing studies are evaluating ...
... bronchiolitis who require mechanical ventilation. The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of bronchiolitis in children is discussed in detail separately. (See"Bronchiolitis in infants and children: Treatment; outcome; and prevention", section on 'Glucocorticoids'.) Ongoing studies are evaluating ...
Equine viral arteritis: Current status and prevention
... circulation [46,56]. Virus can be isolated from the nasopharynx, buffy coat and serum for a variable duration following intranasal exposure (e.g., isolated from the nasopharynx and buffy coat for 2–14 d and for 2–21 d, respectively, after infection). Virus typically is isolated from serum or plasma ...
... circulation [46,56]. Virus can be isolated from the nasopharynx, buffy coat and serum for a variable duration following intranasal exposure (e.g., isolated from the nasopharynx and buffy coat for 2–14 d and for 2–21 d, respectively, after infection). Virus typically is isolated from serum or plasma ...
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... Farthing MJG and Keusch GT. Global impact and patterns of intestinal infection. In: Farthing MJG, Keusch GT, editors. Enteric infections: Mechanisms, Manifestations and Management. London: Chapman and Hall Medical; 1989.p. 3-12. ...
... Farthing MJG and Keusch GT. Global impact and patterns of intestinal infection. In: Farthing MJG, Keusch GT, editors. Enteric infections: Mechanisms, Manifestations and Management. London: Chapman and Hall Medical; 1989.p. 3-12. ...
Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV
... array of 260 trimers. According to this accepted model, it is likely that those trimers, comprising VP2 and VP3, would form the Y-shaped trimers found at the inner surface. VP2 is the main host protective antigen harbouring most of the neutralisation sites and has been the target protein for the dev ...
... array of 260 trimers. According to this accepted model, it is likely that those trimers, comprising VP2 and VP3, would form the Y-shaped trimers found at the inner surface. VP2 is the main host protective antigen harbouring most of the neutralisation sites and has been the target protein for the dev ...
SerologicalMarkers - Texas Department of State Health Services
... (a-1) A physician or other person permitted by law to attend a pregnant woman during gestation or at delivery of an infant shall: (1) take or cause to be taken a sample of the woman's blood or other appropriate specimen at an examination in the third trimester of the pregnancy; (2) submit the sample ...
... (a-1) A physician or other person permitted by law to attend a pregnant woman during gestation or at delivery of an infant shall: (1) take or cause to be taken a sample of the woman's blood or other appropriate specimen at an examination in the third trimester of the pregnancy; (2) submit the sample ...
Evaluation of the Benefits and Risks of Introducing Ebola
... whether CCCs could be beneficial. We also estimated how many CCC beds, either alone or in combination with additional ETC beds, would be required to potentially turn over the epidemic (i.e., reduce the reproduction number below the critical threshold of 1). Methods Because precise medical and operat ...
... whether CCCs could be beneficial. We also estimated how many CCC beds, either alone or in combination with additional ETC beds, would be required to potentially turn over the epidemic (i.e., reduce the reproduction number below the critical threshold of 1). Methods Because precise medical and operat ...
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases
... syndrome” (or “AIDS”), “syphilis,” “Chagas disease,” “infection,” and “risk factors.” In the case of words that are commonly known by their abbreviations (AIDS, HIV, HBV, and HCV for, respectively, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C v ...
... syndrome” (or “AIDS”), “syphilis,” “Chagas disease,” “infection,” and “risk factors.” In the case of words that are commonly known by their abbreviations (AIDS, HIV, HBV, and HCV for, respectively, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C v ...
HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon
... From April to October 2010, serum, feces and liver samples were collected from 151 slaughtered pigs (approximately six months old) from different regions of Pará state, Brazil. The samples were collected from 95 animals from the municipality of Bujarú slaughtered in an officially registered slaughter ...
... From April to October 2010, serum, feces and liver samples were collected from 151 slaughtered pigs (approximately six months old) from different regions of Pará state, Brazil. The samples were collected from 95 animals from the municipality of Bujarú slaughtered in an officially registered slaughter ...
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... High-level resistance to raltegravir and elvitegravir was predicted in 15% (n = 453) and 13% (n = 401) of patients (96% and 85% of those with INSTI-resistant viruses), respectively (Table 2); the difference was entirely attributable to the differential impact of Y143 mutants. Forty-seven patients ha ...
... High-level resistance to raltegravir and elvitegravir was predicted in 15% (n = 453) and 13% (n = 401) of patients (96% and 85% of those with INSTI-resistant viruses), respectively (Table 2); the difference was entirely attributable to the differential impact of Y143 mutants. Forty-seven patients ha ...
Management of Ebola virus disease (EVD)
... As of March 30, 2016 there have been 28,610 reported confirmed, probable and suspected Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) cases among identified West African countries with intense EVD transmission (Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone) and 11,308 deaths reported (39.5% mortality rate).1 The majority of cases re ...
... As of March 30, 2016 there have been 28,610 reported confirmed, probable and suspected Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) cases among identified West African countries with intense EVD transmission (Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone) and 11,308 deaths reported (39.5% mortality rate).1 The majority of cases re ...
Vaccines for Infection Salmon Anemia Virus
... compared with that of influenza sequences reveal that this segment encodes nucleoprotein (NP) (Snow and Cunningham, 2001). NP of influenza viruses binds to the viral RNA genome forming the nucleocapsid. Comparison of the NP amino acid sequence of the CCBB isolate of ISA virus (AF404345) reveals that ...
... compared with that of influenza sequences reveal that this segment encodes nucleoprotein (NP) (Snow and Cunningham, 2001). NP of influenza viruses binds to the viral RNA genome forming the nucleocapsid. Comparison of the NP amino acid sequence of the CCBB isolate of ISA virus (AF404345) reveals that ...
Cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNAs that induce similar symptoms
... infected leaves was harvested 25 days post-inoculation (p.i.) and satRNA accumulation was quantified in each plant. All assayed necrogenic satRNAs multiplied to detectable levels in systemically infected leaves of melon plants when supported by Fny-CMV. However, four of ten nonnecrogenic satRNAs ass ...
... infected leaves was harvested 25 days post-inoculation (p.i.) and satRNA accumulation was quantified in each plant. All assayed necrogenic satRNAs multiplied to detectable levels in systemically infected leaves of melon plants when supported by Fny-CMV. However, four of ten nonnecrogenic satRNAs ass ...
Introduction Dengue viruses are RNA viruses belong to the family
... Natural concurrent infection with dengue viruses may occur in highly endemic areas where different dengue serotypes have been transmitted for many years. Many cases of simultaneous infection by more than one arbovirus species in mosquito or human hosts have been documented elsewhere. Simultaneous in ...
... Natural concurrent infection with dengue viruses may occur in highly endemic areas where different dengue serotypes have been transmitted for many years. Many cases of simultaneous infection by more than one arbovirus species in mosquito or human hosts have been documented elsewhere. Simultaneous in ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... n FIP may present as wet (effusive), dry (noneffusive), or a combination of the ...
... n FIP may present as wet (effusive), dry (noneffusive), or a combination of the ...
Hepatitis B - American Academy of Family Physicians
... series. The only contraindication to vaccination is a history of anaphylaxis after a previous dose of the vaccine or a known previous anaphylactic reaction to yeast.4 In the United States, screening for HBV infection in the absence of symptoms or liver function abnormalities is indicated only in pre ...
... series. The only contraindication to vaccination is a history of anaphylaxis after a previous dose of the vaccine or a known previous anaphylactic reaction to yeast.4 In the United States, screening for HBV infection in the absence of symptoms or liver function abnormalities is indicated only in pre ...
Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of
... hives (Neumann and Elzen, 2004; Spiewok et al., 2008). Although the pest status of the SHB in honeybee colonies is now well known and control and diagnosis are available (cf. Neumann and Ellis, 2008; Schäfer et al., 2008), the role of the SHB as a vector of honeybee viruses has been neglected. There ...
... hives (Neumann and Elzen, 2004; Spiewok et al., 2008). Although the pest status of the SHB in honeybee colonies is now well known and control and diagnosis are available (cf. Neumann and Ellis, 2008; Schäfer et al., 2008), the role of the SHB as a vector of honeybee viruses has been neglected. There ...
Genetic sequencing and analysis of the infectious pancreatic
... Studies have shown that the infection of fish cells by IPNV is initiated when virus particles are internalized by means of endocytosis (Couve, et al. 1992). Most enveloped viruses need an acidic environment in the endosome to be able to enter the cytosol, however this is not the case for IPNV (Espin ...
... Studies have shown that the infection of fish cells by IPNV is initiated when virus particles are internalized by means of endocytosis (Couve, et al. 1992). Most enveloped viruses need an acidic environment in the endosome to be able to enter the cytosol, however this is not the case for IPNV (Espin ...
Prevalences of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV), Feline Leukaemia Virus
... signs such as anaemia, lymphomas and immunodeficiency which promote the development of co-infections [2]. These immunosuppressive viruses are followed by opportunistic infections, and they cannot usually cause major problem by oneself, however they can become fatal with other pathogenic infectious a ...
... signs such as anaemia, lymphomas and immunodeficiency which promote the development of co-infections [2]. These immunosuppressive viruses are followed by opportunistic infections, and they cannot usually cause major problem by oneself, however they can become fatal with other pathogenic infectious a ...
On June 5, 1981, the United States Centre for
... that an American scientist, Dr. Robert Gallo, has discovered the probable cause of AIDS: the retrovirus subsequently named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV in 1986. She also declares that a vaccine will be available within two years. September 6: first performance at Theatre Rhinoceros in San Fra ...
... that an American scientist, Dr. Robert Gallo, has discovered the probable cause of AIDS: the retrovirus subsequently named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV in 1986. She also declares that a vaccine will be available within two years. September 6: first performance at Theatre Rhinoceros in San Fra ...
Herpes Sissqdex Virus Infections.
... host cell functions to make more virus particles. Thus, any treatment that interferes with the manufacture of viruses also runs the risk of altering normal cell functions: the treatment may be worse than the disease! But herpes differs from most other viruses in an important feature. Nanna Ayisi, Un ...
... host cell functions to make more virus particles. Thus, any treatment that interferes with the manufacture of viruses also runs the risk of altering normal cell functions: the treatment may be worse than the disease! But herpes differs from most other viruses in an important feature. Nanna Ayisi, Un ...
Current Threats of Increased Syphilis Disclosures
... • Early stage asymptomatic involvement usually as a disproportionally elevated alkaline phosphatase in the setting of secondary syphilis is a more recent observation- but is not universal – Clinical: ? Association with rash and anorectal lesions – Histology: pericholangiolar inflammation; mild (prol ...
... • Early stage asymptomatic involvement usually as a disproportionally elevated alkaline phosphatase in the setting of secondary syphilis is a more recent observation- but is not universal – Clinical: ? Association with rash and anorectal lesions – Histology: pericholangiolar inflammation; mild (prol ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... (2.5% of all acute hepatitis samples tested). Six were infected with HAV, 11 with HBV and 17 with HCV. However, the majority of patients (n = 48, 59%), were shown to be infected with HEV. The number of cases of HEV infection has increased in recent years, with 13 diagnosed in 2012, 20 in 2013 and 15 ...
... (2.5% of all acute hepatitis samples tested). Six were infected with HAV, 11 with HBV and 17 with HCV. However, the majority of patients (n = 48, 59%), were shown to be infected with HEV. The number of cases of HEV infection has increased in recent years, with 13 diagnosed in 2012, 20 in 2013 and 15 ...
PDF
... inoculation, has also been recognized as an appropriate experimental model for studies involving the visual system [21–23]. A previous study demonstrated H7N3 virus replication in nasal, ocular, and rectal tissue following ocular inoculation in ferrets, but did not comprehensively examine the abilit ...
... inoculation, has also been recognized as an appropriate experimental model for studies involving the visual system [21–23]. A previous study demonstrated H7N3 virus replication in nasal, ocular, and rectal tissue following ocular inoculation in ferrets, but did not comprehensively examine the abilit ...
Recommendations for breastfeeding during maternal infections
... demonstrated. HIV-2 can also be transmitted from mother to infant, but the role of breastfeeding in the transmission via human milk has not been clearly established yet. The Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus 6 can be found in human milk, but so far, reports on breastfed infants infected by these vi ...
... demonstrated. HIV-2 can also be transmitted from mother to infant, but the role of breastfeeding in the transmission via human milk has not been clearly established yet. The Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus 6 can be found in human milk, but so far, reports on breastfed infants infected by these vi ...
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.