Antigenic variation of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
... Antigenic variation is the process by which an infectious organism alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response and is associated with mutation leading to amino acid replacement. This change in antigenic profile may occur as the pathogen passes through a host population (also ...
... Antigenic variation is the process by which an infectious organism alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response and is associated with mutation leading to amino acid replacement. This change in antigenic profile may occur as the pathogen passes through a host population (also ...
Hemorrhagic Fevers - Columbia University
... • Spread within and between rooms (national center for Infectious Diseases) ...
... • Spread within and between rooms (national center for Infectious Diseases) ...
Smallpox (variola virus)
... number of substances can be added to stabilise it. When dried, the virus remains infectious for a very long time. The virus can also be dispersed in aerosol form, e.g. through a building’s ventilation system. This would infect a large number of people who would, after the onset of fever, go on to in ...
... number of substances can be added to stabilise it. When dried, the virus remains infectious for a very long time. The virus can also be dispersed in aerosol form, e.g. through a building’s ventilation system. This would infect a large number of people who would, after the onset of fever, go on to in ...
Continuing Evolution of H3, H4, H6 and H9 Influenza A Viruses in
... • Korean LBM played an important role in extending genetic diversity of influenza viruses in Korea. • The newly evolved AIVs have been continuously generated by reassortment events in ducks in LBMs with the potential of expanding the host range to ...
... • Korean LBM played an important role in extending genetic diversity of influenza viruses in Korea. • The newly evolved AIVs have been continuously generated by reassortment events in ducks in LBMs with the potential of expanding the host range to ...
Wednesday, August 26/09
... submitted daily and therefore is accurate as of August 19th. For the surveillance period of August 9 to August 15, 2009 : • Influenza activity in Ontario similar compared to previous week. • Ontario health units reported 22 new confirmed cases of influenza through iPHIS, including 14 laboratory conf ...
... submitted daily and therefore is accurate as of August 19th. For the surveillance period of August 9 to August 15, 2009 : • Influenza activity in Ontario similar compared to previous week. • Ontario health units reported 22 new confirmed cases of influenza through iPHIS, including 14 laboratory conf ...
Name: Period: _____ Date
... sphere shaped bacteria are called _____________________________. When they occur in chains they are called __________________________, when they occur in clusters they are called _____________________________. ...
... sphere shaped bacteria are called _____________________________. When they occur in chains they are called __________________________, when they occur in clusters they are called _____________________________. ...
53 morphology and general properties of viruses
... Haemagglutinin is a triangular spike and neuraminidase is mushroom-shaped. Envelope is sensitive to the action of lipid solvents. Envelopes confer chemical, antigenic and biological properties on viruses. The overall shape of the virus particle varies in different groups of viruses. Most animal viru ...
... Haemagglutinin is a triangular spike and neuraminidase is mushroom-shaped. Envelope is sensitive to the action of lipid solvents. Envelopes confer chemical, antigenic and biological properties on viruses. The overall shape of the virus particle varies in different groups of viruses. Most animal viru ...
QT® Plus - Hillyard
... with a brush, sponge or cloth. Do not breathe spray. Rinse all surfaces that come in contact with food such as countertops, appliances, tables and stovetops with potable water before reuse. Do not use on utensils, glassware and dishes. Prepare a fresh solution daily or more often if the use solution ...
... with a brush, sponge or cloth. Do not breathe spray. Rinse all surfaces that come in contact with food such as countertops, appliances, tables and stovetops with potable water before reuse. Do not use on utensils, glassware and dishes. Prepare a fresh solution daily or more often if the use solution ...
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
... In 1994, cDNA sequences with homologies to herpesvirus sequences were classified as those of a new human herpesvirus type, called HHV-8. Subsequently, HHV-8 was found to be firmly associated with the occurrence of Kaposi’s sarcoma (angioplastic sarcoma), and therefore also termed Kaposi’s sarcoma as ...
... In 1994, cDNA sequences with homologies to herpesvirus sequences were classified as those of a new human herpesvirus type, called HHV-8. Subsequently, HHV-8 was found to be firmly associated with the occurrence of Kaposi’s sarcoma (angioplastic sarcoma), and therefore also termed Kaposi’s sarcoma as ...
File - Ebola infection prevention
... Interim Guidance for Environmental Infection Control in Hospitals for Ebola Virus http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/environmental-infection-controlin-hospitals.html On August 1, 2014, CDC released guidance titled,”Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with Known o ...
... Interim Guidance for Environmental Infection Control in Hospitals for Ebola Virus http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/environmental-infection-controlin-hospitals.html On August 1, 2014, CDC released guidance titled,”Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with Known o ...
Effect of 1918 PB1-F2 Expression on Influenza A
... two influenza A viruses, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and a variant expressing the 1918 PB1-F2 protein, and obtained viral measurements from the lungs of individual mice. These data provide information on an infection occurring in the lower respiratory tract. They allow us to compare the kinetics of tw ...
... two influenza A viruses, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and a variant expressing the 1918 PB1-F2 protein, and obtained viral measurements from the lungs of individual mice. These data provide information on an infection occurring in the lower respiratory tract. They allow us to compare the kinetics of tw ...
EGG INOCULATION Principles Practice and Vaccine Development
... cultivation of viruses by Good Pasteur and Burnet (1931). Cultivation of viruses in organized tissues like chick embryo necessitates a different type of approach.. For all practical purposes they all themselves behave as tissue cultures. The process of cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs depe ...
... cultivation of viruses by Good Pasteur and Burnet (1931). Cultivation of viruses in organized tissues like chick embryo necessitates a different type of approach.. For all practical purposes they all themselves behave as tissue cultures. The process of cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs depe ...
How bacteria and viruses enter the body? Infections types: What
... pathogenic bacteria. Many bacterial infections can be treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics, although antibiotic‐resistant strains are beginning to emerge. Immunization is available to prevent many important bacterial diseases. A virus is an even smaller micro‐organism that can onl ...
... pathogenic bacteria. Many bacterial infections can be treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics, although antibiotic‐resistant strains are beginning to emerge. Immunization is available to prevent many important bacterial diseases. A virus is an even smaller micro‐organism that can onl ...
Hepatitis A virus
... lymphocytes with fresh peripheral blood cells of healthy donors or with suitable culture lines such as T-lymphomas. However virus isolation is tedious and time consuming (weeks), therefore virus isolation is mainly used for the characterization of the virus. • This can be accomplished by PCR techn ...
... lymphocytes with fresh peripheral blood cells of healthy donors or with suitable culture lines such as T-lymphomas. However virus isolation is tedious and time consuming (weeks), therefore virus isolation is mainly used for the characterization of the virus. • This can be accomplished by PCR techn ...
Identification of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) through agar
... losses inflicted over the past few years. IBD virus exists worldwide in at least two distinct serotypes I and II, although only serotype I is virulent for chicken. In the present study, the presence of IBD virus was checked through agar gel immunodiffusion test (Chullen and Wyeth, 1975) and field sa ...
... losses inflicted over the past few years. IBD virus exists worldwide in at least two distinct serotypes I and II, although only serotype I is virulent for chicken. In the present study, the presence of IBD virus was checked through agar gel immunodiffusion test (Chullen and Wyeth, 1975) and field sa ...
VIRUSES AND KOCH`S POSTULATES1 Diseases at
... agent capable of inducing lesions similar to those seen in varicella; the virus was activated by the experimental procedures. Another example of the necessity of proving that a virus comes from a certain source is that encountered in our recent work on lymphocytic choriomeningitis. In this instance, ...
... agent capable of inducing lesions similar to those seen in varicella; the virus was activated by the experimental procedures. Another example of the necessity of proving that a virus comes from a certain source is that encountered in our recent work on lymphocytic choriomeningitis. In this instance, ...
Severe Influenza-associated Respiratory Infection in High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2009–2011
... are limited, particularly for sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV infection is widespread. We tested respiratory and blood samples from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections hospitalized in South Africa during 2009–2011 for viral and pneumococcal infections. Influenza was identified in 9% ...
... are limited, particularly for sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV infection is widespread. We tested respiratory and blood samples from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections hospitalized in South Africa during 2009–2011 for viral and pneumococcal infections. Influenza was identified in 9% ...
Zoonoses of Small Mammals
... cases arise from wild rodents, cases have been documented in pets.9 ■ Leptospirosis, particularly Leptospira interrogans, may be harbored by rats, especially wild rats or facilities in which exposure to the urine of wild rats may occur. ❏ While documented cases are lacking, owners should realize tha ...
... cases arise from wild rodents, cases have been documented in pets.9 ■ Leptospirosis, particularly Leptospira interrogans, may be harbored by rats, especially wild rats or facilities in which exposure to the urine of wild rats may occur. ❏ While documented cases are lacking, owners should realize tha ...
Dual Threat: The Spanish Influenza and World War I
... The virus can also become more infectious or more deadly because of certain mutations. But mutations can also be harmful to the virus by making it less infectious. It is a matter of chance whether the mutation actually causes the virus to become more infectious. Viruses can be made of single strande ...
... The virus can also become more infectious or more deadly because of certain mutations. But mutations can also be harmful to the virus by making it less infectious. It is a matter of chance whether the mutation actually causes the virus to become more infectious. Viruses can be made of single strande ...
HCS 330 Disease in the News Disease in the News The West Nile
... that during the year 2003 when the West Nile Virus continued to develop eastward in the U.S. that, the Cx. tarsalis had become the most frequently reported West Nile Virus positive mosquito varieties. This specific mosquito made up thirty two per cent of the positive pool followed by the varieties o ...
... that during the year 2003 when the West Nile Virus continued to develop eastward in the U.S. that, the Cx. tarsalis had become the most frequently reported West Nile Virus positive mosquito varieties. This specific mosquito made up thirty two per cent of the positive pool followed by the varieties o ...
Emerging Viral Diseases - SciTech Connect
... outbreaks of infantile paralysis. This reconstruction is supported by seroepidemiological studies conducted in North Africa in the 1950s, when epidemic poliomyelitis first emerged in this region. Increase in viral virulence. Viruses may undergo sudden increases in virulence resulting in emergence of ...
... outbreaks of infantile paralysis. This reconstruction is supported by seroepidemiological studies conducted in North Africa in the 1950s, when epidemic poliomyelitis first emerged in this region. Increase in viral virulence. Viruses may undergo sudden increases in virulence resulting in emergence of ...
The hepatitis-C virus can be transmitted by sharing snorting tubes
... The hepatitis-C virus can be transmitted by sharing snorting tubes. The hepatitis-C virus is wider spread and more infectious than HIV. Even small amounts of dried blood residue can lead to a hepatitis-C infection. Protective measures can easily be taken: Use a clean surface. It is recommended to cl ...
... The hepatitis-C virus can be transmitted by sharing snorting tubes. The hepatitis-C virus is wider spread and more infectious than HIV. Even small amounts of dried blood residue can lead to a hepatitis-C infection. Protective measures can easily be taken: Use a clean surface. It is recommended to cl ...
Phylogenetic analysis of Lithuanian tomato black ring virus isolates
... in 2012. During 2013, additional eleven isolates of this virus were found on ornamental and food plants in different regions of Lithuania. The virus was identified by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chai ...
... in 2012. During 2013, additional eleven isolates of this virus were found on ornamental and food plants in different regions of Lithuania. The virus was identified by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chai ...
Flu Vaccinations
... some cases, flu can even be contracted by touching a surface or object with strands of the virus on it. The virus can be transmitted by people (with and without the illness) and inanimate objects. Plus, vaccination will help protect you from infection outside of work. What do I need to know about th ...
... some cases, flu can even be contracted by touching a surface or object with strands of the virus on it. The virus can be transmitted by people (with and without the illness) and inanimate objects. Plus, vaccination will help protect you from infection outside of work. What do I need to know about th ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.