Mutational analysis of eggplant latent viroid RNA processing in
... rolling-circle mechanism in which oligomeric RNAs of both polarity are processed to monomeric linear RNAs (by cleavage) and to monomeric circular RNAs (by ligation). Using an experimental system consisting of transplastomic lines of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a mutational analysis of sequen ...
... rolling-circle mechanism in which oligomeric RNAs of both polarity are processed to monomeric linear RNAs (by cleavage) and to monomeric circular RNAs (by ligation). Using an experimental system consisting of transplastomic lines of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a mutational analysis of sequen ...
The Discovery of Antiviral Compounds Targeting Adenovirus
... The word virus is Latin for poison or toxin. A virus is an intracellular molecular parasite that is unable to replicate outside the cell. Viruses can infect all forms of life and many viruses have co-evolved with their host organisms. The origin of viruses is not clear, however three main hypotheses ...
... The word virus is Latin for poison or toxin. A virus is an intracellular molecular parasite that is unable to replicate outside the cell. Viruses can infect all forms of life and many viruses have co-evolved with their host organisms. The origin of viruses is not clear, however three main hypotheses ...
persistence, distribution and immunopathogenesis of infectious
... 5 weeks PI in SPF and up to 3 weeks PI in commercial chickens in bursal tissue. The IN strain was isolated up to 10 days post-inoculation (DPI) from bursal tissues collected from both SPF and commercial chickens. In commercial broilers the STC was detected at DPI 3 in thigh muscles and only one bre ...
... 5 weeks PI in SPF and up to 3 weeks PI in commercial chickens in bursal tissue. The IN strain was isolated up to 10 days post-inoculation (DPI) from bursal tissues collected from both SPF and commercial chickens. In commercial broilers the STC was detected at DPI 3 in thigh muscles and only one bre ...
Immunization 5
... Should be protected from light and needs to be used within 30 minutes of its reconstitution May be given with all other childhood vaccines Recommendation: two doses of varicella vaccine given at the age of 15 months & second dose at 4-6 years VZIg: for individuals with significant contact with varic ...
... Should be protected from light and needs to be used within 30 minutes of its reconstitution May be given with all other childhood vaccines Recommendation: two doses of varicella vaccine given at the age of 15 months & second dose at 4-6 years VZIg: for individuals with significant contact with varic ...
2015 VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC TEST KITS AND REAGENTS
... VMRD’s Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit is a competitive, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of antibodies specific for Anaplasma in bovine serum samples. It is intended to provide results that will give guidance about the presence of Anaplasma infection in bovine species. Sens ...
... VMRD’s Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit is a competitive, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of antibodies specific for Anaplasma in bovine serum samples. It is intended to provide results that will give guidance about the presence of Anaplasma infection in bovine species. Sens ...
Zika virus disease epidemic
... 2016, [19,20]. On 25 July, the Ministry of Health of Colombia declared the end of the Zika epidemic phase [21]. The country remains the second most affected in the Americas with 93 281 suspected and 8 826 confirmed cases reported up to week 32 in 2016 [22] and 18 328 notifications of pregnant women ...
... 2016, [19,20]. On 25 July, the Ministry of Health of Colombia declared the end of the Zika epidemic phase [21]. The country remains the second most affected in the Americas with 93 281 suspected and 8 826 confirmed cases reported up to week 32 in 2016 [22] and 18 328 notifications of pregnant women ...
vaccinia virus research safety policy
... live viral component of smallpox vaccine. Inadvertent exposure to VACV can result in infection, and severe complications can occur in persons with underlying risk factors (e.g., pregnancy, immunodeficiency, or certain dermatologic conditions). Vaccinia virus is well-known for its role as a vaccine t ...
... live viral component of smallpox vaccine. Inadvertent exposure to VACV can result in infection, and severe complications can occur in persons with underlying risk factors (e.g., pregnancy, immunodeficiency, or certain dermatologic conditions). Vaccinia virus is well-known for its role as a vaccine t ...
Vertical transmission of West Nile Virus in Culex spp. mosquitoes of
... WNV infections in the US involving severe or fatal disease have been documented in a broad range of vertebrates, including birds, humans and numerous other species of mammals, reptiles and amphibians (Artsob, 2009). The WNV epidemic of 2002 resulted in 4,156 reported human cases of WN disease, incl ...
... WNV infections in the US involving severe or fatal disease have been documented in a broad range of vertebrates, including birds, humans and numerous other species of mammals, reptiles and amphibians (Artsob, 2009). The WNV epidemic of 2002 resulted in 4,156 reported human cases of WN disease, incl ...
Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus as Treatment for Pancreatic
... Clinical virology of NDV NDV belongs to the genus Avulavirus within the family of Paramyxoviridae and has a natural avian host range comprising over 240 species of bird [134]. Newcastle disease, and consequently NDV, has been named after an described outbreak in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, although the dis ...
... Clinical virology of NDV NDV belongs to the genus Avulavirus within the family of Paramyxoviridae and has a natural avian host range comprising over 240 species of bird [134]. Newcastle disease, and consequently NDV, has been named after an described outbreak in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, although the dis ...
Ecology of prokaryotic viruses - ICM-CSIC
... transduction), on the biochemical capabilities of microorganisms’’. They continued ‘‘this latter phenomenon is of considerable potential importance because of the prominent role of bacteria as mineralizing and chemical transforming agents within the environment’’. This opinion on the role of phages ...
... transduction), on the biochemical capabilities of microorganisms’’. They continued ‘‘this latter phenomenon is of considerable potential importance because of the prominent role of bacteria as mineralizing and chemical transforming agents within the environment’’. This opinion on the role of phages ...
Ecology of prokaryotic viruses
... transduction), on the biochemical capabilities of microorganisms’’. They continued ‘‘this latter phenomenon is of considerable potential importance because of the prominent role of bacteria as mineralizing and chemical transforming agents within the environment’’. This opinion on the role of phages ...
... transduction), on the biochemical capabilities of microorganisms’’. They continued ‘‘this latter phenomenon is of considerable potential importance because of the prominent role of bacteria as mineralizing and chemical transforming agents within the environment’’. This opinion on the role of phages ...
Untitled
... The only dependable approach for diagnosis of fish diseases therefore lies in the specific identification of the pathogens using laboratory methods. These methods, which are suitable for the diagnosis of isolated cases of disease as part of the operating of national aquatic animal health surveillanc ...
... The only dependable approach for diagnosis of fish diseases therefore lies in the specific identification of the pathogens using laboratory methods. These methods, which are suitable for the diagnosis of isolated cases of disease as part of the operating of national aquatic animal health surveillanc ...
Hepatitis A virus - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... difference in surface texture of the produce and the presence of anti-viral substances. Shieh et al. (2009) showed that when spinach was stored at 5.4°C a 1 log10 reduction in the level of HAV occurred over a 28.6 day period. These studies imply that HAV can persist under normal domestic storage co ...
... difference in surface texture of the produce and the presence of anti-viral substances. Shieh et al. (2009) showed that when spinach was stored at 5.4°C a 1 log10 reduction in the level of HAV occurred over a 28.6 day period. These studies imply that HAV can persist under normal domestic storage co ...
Hepatitis A virus - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... difference in surface texture of the produce and the presence of anti-viral substances. Shieh et al. (2009) showed that when spinach was stored at 5.4°C a 1 log10 reduction in the level of HAV occurred over a 28.6 day period. These studies imply that HAV can persist under normal domestic storage co ...
... difference in surface texture of the produce and the presence of anti-viral substances. Shieh et al. (2009) showed that when spinach was stored at 5.4°C a 1 log10 reduction in the level of HAV occurred over a 28.6 day period. These studies imply that HAV can persist under normal domestic storage co ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... coronaviruses are made of large numbers of nucleotides, the basic unit of genetic material, and they are very prone to mutations (Drake, 1993, Aguas and Ferguson, 2013). As a virus reproduces itself, errors are made in copying these nucleotides. It is an inherent lack of proofreading activity of RNA ...
... coronaviruses are made of large numbers of nucleotides, the basic unit of genetic material, and they are very prone to mutations (Drake, 1993, Aguas and Ferguson, 2013). As a virus reproduces itself, errors are made in copying these nucleotides. It is an inherent lack of proofreading activity of RNA ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2013
... The entry into force, on 6 November 2013, of Decision no 1082/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on serious cross-border threats to health entailed a significant change in cooperation at EU-level on the surveillance and prevention of infectious diseases. The Decision automatically ...
... The entry into force, on 6 November 2013, of Decision no 1082/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on serious cross-border threats to health entailed a significant change in cooperation at EU-level on the surveillance and prevention of infectious diseases. The Decision automatically ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2012
... and K. pneumoniae producing carbapenemase, all except one were of foreign origin. The number of severe cases of pneumococcal infection continued to decline compared with the situation before the introduction of the vaccine, and almost completely disappeared in the age group of under 2. The number of ...
... and K. pneumoniae producing carbapenemase, all except one were of foreign origin. The number of severe cases of pneumococcal infection continued to decline compared with the situation before the introduction of the vaccine, and almost completely disappeared in the age group of under 2. The number of ...
A critical review of the effect of heat, pH and water activity on the
... community (IID2 Study) provides extensive information on the enteric virus-associated burden of infection (http://www.foodbase.org.uk/results.php?f_report_id=711). Recently, foodborne transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) has become a concern (Carvalho et al 2012; Colso ...
... community (IID2 Study) provides extensive information on the enteric virus-associated burden of infection (http://www.foodbase.org.uk/results.php?f_report_id=711). Recently, foodborne transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) has become a concern (Carvalho et al 2012; Colso ...
Mitigation of infectious disease at school: targeted class closure vs
... non-pharmaceutical low-cost mitigation strategies. In this context, the availability of data on contacts between school children is a crucial asset on two accounts. First, even limited information on mixing patterns within and between classes or grades can suggest more refined strategies than whole- ...
... non-pharmaceutical low-cost mitigation strategies. In this context, the availability of data on contacts between school children is a crucial asset on two accounts. First, even limited information on mixing patterns within and between classes or grades can suggest more refined strategies than whole- ...
Health Status of a Recently Discovered Population of Feral Swine in
... sis with an eosinophilic infiltrate suggestive of parasite migration. However, grossly the livers did not show the typical lesions of multiple white fibrotic foci caused by larval parasite migration. The two hogs with antibody titers to leptospira had mild to moderate nonsuppurative interstitial nep ...
... sis with an eosinophilic infiltrate suggestive of parasite migration. However, grossly the livers did not show the typical lesions of multiple white fibrotic foci caused by larval parasite migration. The two hogs with antibody titers to leptospira had mild to moderate nonsuppurative interstitial nep ...
Information for Clinicians - Zika Communication Network
... Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in paired serum samples. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for viral antigens or RT-PCR on fixed tissues. ...
... Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in paired serum samples. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for viral antigens or RT-PCR on fixed tissues. ...
IBD Ab/IBD-XR Ab Tests Information Sheet
... and immune suppression effect can be enhanced by chicken anemia virus (CAV) coinfections. Economic losses may approach 20% in an infected flock, and subsequent flocks may become infected from contaminated ...
... and immune suppression effect can be enhanced by chicken anemia virus (CAV) coinfections. Economic losses may approach 20% in an infected flock, and subsequent flocks may become infected from contaminated ...
Quantitative Correlation between Infectivity and Gp120 Density on
... with high affinity and potently neutralizes 91% of all major circulating HIV-1 isolates (12). This binding does not induce gp120 shedding (16) (Fig. 2), which is in contrast to soluble CD4 that induces shedding of gp120 under identical experimental conditions as we published previously (10). Thus VR ...
... with high affinity and potently neutralizes 91% of all major circulating HIV-1 isolates (12). This binding does not induce gp120 shedding (16) (Fig. 2), which is in contrast to soluble CD4 that induces shedding of gp120 under identical experimental conditions as we published previously (10). Thus VR ...
Experimental Transmission of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus
... reservoirs of IPNV, shedding virus in feces and urine and in reproductive products (18). In the United States, IPNV is considered endemic to Maine and Canadian maritime waters. Globally, with increasing production of Atlantic salmon, it has also become a significant pathogen in the marine environmen ...
... reservoirs of IPNV, shedding virus in feces and urine and in reproductive products (18). In the United States, IPNV is considered endemic to Maine and Canadian maritime waters. Globally, with increasing production of Atlantic salmon, it has also become a significant pathogen in the marine environmen ...
Hepatitis A virus - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes and a browning of urine due to stimulation of bile pigment production), although anorexia, lethargy and weakness may persist (Koff 1998; Hollinger and Emerson 2001; FDA 2009). Most patients show complete recovery from symptoms within 3–6 months of the onset o ...
... jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes and a browning of urine due to stimulation of bile pigment production), although anorexia, lethargy and weakness may persist (Koff 1998; Hollinger and Emerson 2001; FDA 2009). Most patients show complete recovery from symptoms within 3–6 months of the onset o ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.