Chapter 2.2.3.
... reported from cultured P. vannamei and P. stylirostris in most of the shrimp-culturing regions of the Western Hemisphere and in wild penaeids throughout their range along the Pacific coast of the Americas (Peru to northern Mexico), the virus has not been reported in wild penaeid shrimp on the Atlant ...
... reported from cultured P. vannamei and P. stylirostris in most of the shrimp-culturing regions of the Western Hemisphere and in wild penaeids throughout their range along the Pacific coast of the Americas (Peru to northern Mexico), the virus has not been reported in wild penaeid shrimp on the Atlant ...
Foodborne Viruses Research Conference
... norovirus outbreaks have a unique winter peak, compared to other settings. More recently, norovirus genotype profiles have been used to differentiate between origins of foodborne outbreaks and it is anticipated that new techniques such as next generation sequencing may contribute to understanding th ...
... norovirus outbreaks have a unique winter peak, compared to other settings. More recently, norovirus genotype profiles have been used to differentiate between origins of foodborne outbreaks and it is anticipated that new techniques such as next generation sequencing may contribute to understanding th ...
THE INCIDENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS IN SELECTED WATER SOURCES
... Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped, positively charged single stranded RNA hepatotropic agent from the family Picornaviridae, and the sole member of the genus Hepatovirus. There is only one HAV serotype but there are seven genotypes. Hepatitis A (HA) infection is usually self-limiting and th ...
... Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped, positively charged single stranded RNA hepatotropic agent from the family Picornaviridae, and the sole member of the genus Hepatovirus. There is only one HAV serotype but there are seven genotypes. Hepatitis A (HA) infection is usually self-limiting and th ...
Isolation, identification and increasing importance of `free
... strains [5, 6, 20, 231. Differences in antigenic determinants have been found between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Naegleria strains [7, 201, while determination of the iso-enzyme profile by iso-electric focusing and analysis of mitochondria1 or whole-cell DNA profiles also seem to be promising [5, ...
... strains [5, 6, 20, 231. Differences in antigenic determinants have been found between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Naegleria strains [7, 201, while determination of the iso-enzyme profile by iso-electric focusing and analysis of mitochondria1 or whole-cell DNA profiles also seem to be promising [5, ...
EVALUATION OF ROUGH BRUCELLA STRAINS AS VACCINES
... Brucellosis and pseudorabies lead to abortion in pregnant sows and are perpetuated by feral swine reservoirs. A multivalent oral vaccine for these diseases would improve vaccination and eradication programs worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the rough attenuated Brucella strains RB51 and VT ...
... Brucellosis and pseudorabies lead to abortion in pregnant sows and are perpetuated by feral swine reservoirs. A multivalent oral vaccine for these diseases would improve vaccination and eradication programs worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the rough attenuated Brucella strains RB51 and VT ...
Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Haemophilus paragallinarum
... Haemophilus paragallinarum causes an acute respiratory disease of chickens known as infectious coryza (IC), a disease first recognized as a distinct entity in the late 1920's. Among infectious diseases of avian species Infectious coryza is one of the major problems affecting commercial poultry indus ...
... Haemophilus paragallinarum causes an acute respiratory disease of chickens known as infectious coryza (IC), a disease first recognized as a distinct entity in the late 1920's. Among infectious diseases of avian species Infectious coryza is one of the major problems affecting commercial poultry indus ...
Norovirus GII.4 Detection in Environmental Samples from Patient Rooms during Nosocomial Outbreaks
... Environment. NoV GII RNA was detected in 48 of 101 (47.5%) environmental swabs from seven outbreak wards (CT range, 25.4 to 39.5; median, 33.7; IQR, 4.4), and in 2 of 28 (7.1%) samples (CT, 28.0 and 35.8) from the outbreak-free ward. NoV GII RNA (CT range, 26.7 to 39.5; median, 34.3; IQR, 5.1) was d ...
... Environment. NoV GII RNA was detected in 48 of 101 (47.5%) environmental swabs from seven outbreak wards (CT range, 25.4 to 39.5; median, 33.7; IQR, 4.4), and in 2 of 28 (7.1%) samples (CT, 28.0 and 35.8) from the outbreak-free ward. NoV GII RNA (CT range, 26.7 to 39.5; median, 34.3; IQR, 5.1) was d ...
On the dynamics of infectious diseases in non
... Since some directly transmissible infections require specific kind of contacts between individuals to propagate, some epidemics are heavily affected by the population connectivity patterns that characterize the types of contact that can result in infection transmission. For example Liljeros et al. ( ...
... Since some directly transmissible infections require specific kind of contacts between individuals to propagate, some epidemics are heavily affected by the population connectivity patterns that characterize the types of contact that can result in infection transmission. For example Liljeros et al. ( ...
Research paper : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
... al. 2000). The coronavirus membrane contains three or four viral proteins. The membrane (M) glycoprotein is the most abundant structural protein; it spans the membrane bilayer three times, leaving a short NH2terminal domain outside the virus (or exposed luminally in intracellular membranes) and a lo ...
... al. 2000). The coronavirus membrane contains three or four viral proteins. The membrane (M) glycoprotein is the most abundant structural protein; it spans the membrane bilayer three times, leaving a short NH2terminal domain outside the virus (or exposed luminally in intracellular membranes) and a lo ...
Using diagnostic techniques in the operational setting - Hal-Riip
... available) open the possibility of testing of biting animals’ head at frontline bite centers to guide timely and adequate PEP for bite victims in rural settings of endemic countries, where most human rabies deaths occur. A diagnosis of “probable rabies” in humans, however, can routinely rely simply ...
... available) open the possibility of testing of biting animals’ head at frontline bite centers to guide timely and adequate PEP for bite victims in rural settings of endemic countries, where most human rabies deaths occur. A diagnosis of “probable rabies” in humans, however, can routinely rely simply ...
Synthetic peptides from four separate regions of the poliovirus type 1
... group of antisera also will precipitate virions. These results are best explained by aggregation of the virus particles by the antibodies. The fact that specific regions on the virion surface generate antibodies that bind to, but do not neutralize, the virus indicates that the neutralization determi ...
... group of antisera also will precipitate virions. These results are best explained by aggregation of the virus particles by the antibodies. The fact that specific regions on the virion surface generate antibodies that bind to, but do not neutralize, the virus indicates that the neutralization determi ...
Interference with research - GV
... Infectious agents may affect animal populations in various ways. Some are pathogenic and may induce clinical signs with variable morbidity or mortality. However, most microorganisms induce no or only mild disease, at least in cases of endemic infections. Occasionally, loss of animals occurs as a con ...
... Infectious agents may affect animal populations in various ways. Some are pathogenic and may induce clinical signs with variable morbidity or mortality. However, most microorganisms induce no or only mild disease, at least in cases of endemic infections. Occasionally, loss of animals occurs as a con ...
Molecular Characterization of Canine Parvovirus Nigeria
... Protein analysis showing the positions of changes of amino acids of South African and Nigerian CPV-2 field viruses .......................................45 ...
... Protein analysis showing the positions of changes of amino acids of South African and Nigerian CPV-2 field viruses .......................................45 ...
Measles Virus Infection: Mechanisms of Immune Suppression
... children from infection, the average age for measles patients has increased (Black, 1982). Therefore, when outbreaks occur in areas of sustained high vaccine coverage, an increasingly large portion of the cases may be in older individuals who are susceptible because of primary or secondary vaccine f ...
... children from infection, the average age for measles patients has increased (Black, 1982). Therefore, when outbreaks occur in areas of sustained high vaccine coverage, an increasingly large portion of the cases may be in older individuals who are susceptible because of primary or secondary vaccine f ...
INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA IN ATLANTIC SALMON, SALMO
... additional pathogens. It was found that the sea louse, Caligus rogercresseyi could act as a mechanical vector, and possibly contributed to the spread of the virus. In contrast, the survival time of ISA virions in natural sea water was found to be less than three hours (under experimental conditions) ...
... additional pathogens. It was found that the sea louse, Caligus rogercresseyi could act as a mechanical vector, and possibly contributed to the spread of the virus. In contrast, the survival time of ISA virions in natural sea water was found to be less than three hours (under experimental conditions) ...
What is HCV?
... Figure Legend: Annual age-adjusted mortality rates from hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and HIV infections listed as causes of death in the United States between 1999 and 2007. Because a decedent can have multiple causes of death, a record listing more than 1 type of infection was counted for each ...
... Figure Legend: Annual age-adjusted mortality rates from hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and HIV infections listed as causes of death in the United States between 1999 and 2007. Because a decedent can have multiple causes of death, a record listing more than 1 type of infection was counted for each ...
risk analysis - Ministry for Primary Industries
... included all disease agents exotic to New Zealand, organisms that occur in New Zealand for which there are known sub-species or strains or host associations that do not occur in New Zealand, and are potentially harmful, and organisms that occur in New Zealand but for which an eradication programme a ...
... included all disease agents exotic to New Zealand, organisms that occur in New Zealand for which there are known sub-species or strains or host associations that do not occur in New Zealand, and are potentially harmful, and organisms that occur in New Zealand but for which an eradication programme a ...
FIP_SAVA2016x
... In addition to changes in viral properties causing the shift from a benign to virulent biotype, the pathogenesis of FIP also involves host factors. Genetic predisposition along familial lines has been observed, and breeds in certain countries or areas appear to have a predisposition for FIP develop ...
... In addition to changes in viral properties causing the shift from a benign to virulent biotype, the pathogenesis of FIP also involves host factors. Genetic predisposition along familial lines has been observed, and breeds in certain countries or areas appear to have a predisposition for FIP develop ...
Tetherin-Driven Adaptation of Vpu and Nef Function and the
... analyzed a large panel of HIV-1 and SIV vpu alleles (Table S1 available online). Our collection included Vpu constructs from 26 strains of HIV-1 group M, 11 strains of HIV-1 O, 3 strains of HIV-1 N, 6 strains of SIVcpzPtt from central chimpanzees (CPZ), 4 strains of SIVcpzPts from eastern chimpanzee ...
... analyzed a large panel of HIV-1 and SIV vpu alleles (Table S1 available online). Our collection included Vpu constructs from 26 strains of HIV-1 group M, 11 strains of HIV-1 O, 3 strains of HIV-1 N, 6 strains of SIVcpzPtt from central chimpanzees (CPZ), 4 strains of SIVcpzPts from eastern chimpanzee ...
Role and Functional Domain of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein in
... nucleic acid introduction. In the in vitro transfection experiments, a relatively large amount of HBV DNA is introduced by transfection, while in vivo experiment, the situation is different. In the present study, analysis with truncated HBx proteins indicated the C-terminal transactivation domain wa ...
... nucleic acid introduction. In the in vitro transfection experiments, a relatively large amount of HBV DNA is introduced by transfection, while in vivo experiment, the situation is different. In the present study, analysis with truncated HBx proteins indicated the C-terminal transactivation domain wa ...
Expert Opinion on Vaccine and/or Diagnostic Banks for Major
... Under Pillar 3 in particular, as point 24 of the programming document3 for the Action Plan, a task force was created to assist the Commission in the development of this policy paper on EU vaccine/antigen banks for major animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF ...
... Under Pillar 3 in particular, as point 24 of the programming document3 for the Action Plan, a task force was created to assist the Commission in the development of this policy paper on EU vaccine/antigen banks for major animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF ...
In tro d uc
... direct or indirect contact, or vertically from an infected hen to her eggs as virus is shed into the albumin of the egg. In addition, vertical transmission may occur from virus incorporated in the DNA of a germ cell. Viremia in the hen is strongly associated with the transmission of virus congenital ...
... direct or indirect contact, or vertically from an infected hen to her eggs as virus is shed into the albumin of the egg. In addition, vertical transmission may occur from virus incorporated in the DNA of a germ cell. Viremia in the hen is strongly associated with the transmission of virus congenital ...
edward jenner - Cambridge University Press
... neighbouring town, forty patients; of which number, thirty were injected with crude matter from the arm of a young woman, five days after she herself had been inoculated (i.e. from the site of inoculation before the eruption of pustules) with concocted matter (from a pustule around the body), which ...
... neighbouring town, forty patients; of which number, thirty were injected with crude matter from the arm of a young woman, five days after she herself had been inoculated (i.e. from the site of inoculation before the eruption of pustules) with concocted matter (from a pustule around the body), which ...
Rhinopathologies
... and manifestation of local defense, meant to eliminate the foreign organisms. Common cold Viral infections, of mainly rhinoviruses, very common in wintertime, will trigger what is called the “common cold“. Influenza Influenza, caused by the influenza virus, will initially trigger an acute rhinitis. ...
... and manifestation of local defense, meant to eliminate the foreign organisms. Common cold Viral infections, of mainly rhinoviruses, very common in wintertime, will trigger what is called the “common cold“. Influenza Influenza, caused by the influenza virus, will initially trigger an acute rhinitis. ...
edward jenner - Cambridge University Press
... neighbouring town, forty patients; of which number, thirty were injected with crude matter from the arm of a young woman, five days after she herself had been inoculated (i.e. from the site of inoculation before the eruption of pustules) with concocted matter (from a pustule around the body), which ...
... neighbouring town, forty patients; of which number, thirty were injected with crude matter from the arm of a young woman, five days after she herself had been inoculated (i.e. from the site of inoculation before the eruption of pustules) with concocted matter (from a pustule around the body), which ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.