Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
... Meiosis I Metaphase I Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. The centromere of each pair becomes attached to one spindle fiber. ...
... Meiosis I Metaphase I Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. The centromere of each pair becomes attached to one spindle fiber. ...
Osmotic, or Water Potential is simply a measure of the tendency for
... potential of the cytoplasm, but this is different in plant cells… Plant cells have a cell wall, which exerts an inward pressure when the cell is turgid. This is known as the pressure potential. This must be considered when calculating osmotic potential. A plant cell with water potential -50 KPa –50 ...
... potential of the cytoplasm, but this is different in plant cells… Plant cells have a cell wall, which exerts an inward pressure when the cell is turgid. This is known as the pressure potential. This must be considered when calculating osmotic potential. A plant cell with water potential -50 KPa –50 ...
Ch 27 Bacteria and Archaea
... Microorganisms are any small organism – too small to see with the naked eye include Pathogens – cause disease Most bacteria are not pathogens ...
... Microorganisms are any small organism – too small to see with the naked eye include Pathogens – cause disease Most bacteria are not pathogens ...
Stochasticity in the symmetric division of plant cells
... Thompson. Each circular gland divides twice across its center to produce four quadrant cells. These quadrant cells can undergo three types of division, all of which are predicted by soap films (C–E). The division plane with least area is anticlinal, forming a wedge cell and a triangular cell (D,E). ...
... Thompson. Each circular gland divides twice across its center to produce four quadrant cells. These quadrant cells can undergo three types of division, all of which are predicted by soap films (C–E). The division plane with least area is anticlinal, forming a wedge cell and a triangular cell (D,E). ...
Nutrient Summary
... dehydration, and induce oxidative stress. In salt-tolerant plants such as paspalum, Na also enhances growth by expanding leaf area and thickness and increasing sugar content. Products: future product for paspalum in development ...
... dehydration, and induce oxidative stress. In salt-tolerant plants such as paspalum, Na also enhances growth by expanding leaf area and thickness and increasing sugar content. Products: future product for paspalum in development ...
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of
... Some times (during starvation) a portion of mitochondria or ER may be present in lysosomes forming autophagic vacuoles in which parts of the cell are digested ...
... Some times (during starvation) a portion of mitochondria or ER may be present in lysosomes forming autophagic vacuoles in which parts of the cell are digested ...
10 m
... In this case, anaphase does not begin if any kinetochores remain unattached to spindle microtubules Attachment of all of the kinetochores activates a regulatory complex, which then activates the enzyme separase Separase allows sister chromatids to separate, triggering the onset of anaphase ...
... In this case, anaphase does not begin if any kinetochores remain unattached to spindle microtubules Attachment of all of the kinetochores activates a regulatory complex, which then activates the enzyme separase Separase allows sister chromatids to separate, triggering the onset of anaphase ...
Development of Escherichia coli systemic infection model
... timepoint (n=3-10). Control mice (1xPBS) showed no CFU, CFU of control mice with unmarked bacteria were comparable with marked ones. ...
... timepoint (n=3-10). Control mice (1xPBS) showed no CFU, CFU of control mice with unmarked bacteria were comparable with marked ones. ...
Module 17 / Anatomy and Physiology of the
... contribute to the voltage difference while ion channels control their movement into and out of the cell. As a neurotransmitter binds, these ion channels open, and Na+ ions enter the membrane. This reduces the voltage difference between the inside and outside of the cell, which is called depolarizati ...
... contribute to the voltage difference while ion channels control their movement into and out of the cell. As a neurotransmitter binds, these ion channels open, and Na+ ions enter the membrane. This reduces the voltage difference between the inside and outside of the cell, which is called depolarizati ...
1 MicroCellOrg Lab 2011
... Moving the Slide: Place the mouse pointer over the image. Click and drag the image by holding down the left mouse button as you move your mouse. Measuring Dimensions: Click the right mouse button and select “Tape Measure Mode” or “Area Measure Mode”. Place the cursor at the edge of the object to be ...
... Moving the Slide: Place the mouse pointer over the image. Click and drag the image by holding down the left mouse button as you move your mouse. Measuring Dimensions: Click the right mouse button and select “Tape Measure Mode” or “Area Measure Mode”. Place the cursor at the edge of the object to be ...
Mob4 plays a role in spindle focusing in Drosophila S2 cells
... a microtubule-nucleating organelle, as well as by proteins that are capable of focusing kinetochore fibers (K fibers) even in the absence of a centrosome. Here, we have performed a small-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screen of known or suspected polerelated proteins in Drosophila S2 cells. An unexpe ...
... a microtubule-nucleating organelle, as well as by proteins that are capable of focusing kinetochore fibers (K fibers) even in the absence of a centrosome. Here, we have performed a small-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screen of known or suspected polerelated proteins in Drosophila S2 cells. An unexpe ...
Collision/Reaction Cells in ICP-MS
... ICP-MS. However, there is still a debate about their routine use in many applications, because CRCs are operated in two distinctly different modes: • Reaction mode uses specific reaction gases to remove known, reactive interferences from each analyte isotope. • Collision mode uses a non-reactive gas ...
... ICP-MS. However, there is still a debate about their routine use in many applications, because CRCs are operated in two distinctly different modes: • Reaction mode uses specific reaction gases to remove known, reactive interferences from each analyte isotope. • Collision mode uses a non-reactive gas ...
Biological membranes are sheet-like structures
... PART (2): STRUCTURE AND MODELS OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES Biological membranes are sheet-like structures composed mainly of lipids and proteins. All biological membranes have a similar general structure. Membrane lipids are organized in a bilayer (two sheets of lipids making up a single membrane) that ...
... PART (2): STRUCTURE AND MODELS OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES Biological membranes are sheet-like structures composed mainly of lipids and proteins. All biological membranes have a similar general structure. Membrane lipids are organized in a bilayer (two sheets of lipids making up a single membrane) that ...
Notes: Date: Phylogeny is the study of among organisms
... _________________ or __________________. Its members display the________________ ______________. They can be ______________________or ____________________________ ___________________________ or ___________________________ can __________________ _____________________________with plants, fungi, ...
... _________________ or __________________. Its members display the________________ ______________. They can be ______________________or ____________________________ ___________________________ or ___________________________ can __________________ _____________________________with plants, fungi, ...
Mammalian skin cell biology: At the interface between
... Cell behavior is regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Local extrinsic signals are provided by the cellular microenvironment, or niche, and include interactions with neighboring cells, secreted factors, extracellular matrix Fig. 2. Reconstructing the epidermal stem cell n ...
... Cell behavior is regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Local extrinsic signals are provided by the cellular microenvironment, or niche, and include interactions with neighboring cells, secreted factors, extracellular matrix Fig. 2. Reconstructing the epidermal stem cell n ...
How to don a coat
... Clathrin-coated vesicles have three main components: clathrin, a sorting adaptor complex termed AP-2 and transmembrane cargo proteins. Early models conjectured that assembly begins when AP-2 simultaneously binds the other two components. But AP-2 does not assemble on intracellular organelles, where ...
... Clathrin-coated vesicles have three main components: clathrin, a sorting adaptor complex termed AP-2 and transmembrane cargo proteins. Early models conjectured that assembly begins when AP-2 simultaneously binds the other two components. But AP-2 does not assemble on intracellular organelles, where ...
3.1 Cells and cell function - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... ● Appreciate the diversity of cells and understand that cells are specialised, and work together to form tissues. Some learners will be able to… ● Understand how specialisations of cells in particular tissues help them to fulfil their role. ...
... ● Appreciate the diversity of cells and understand that cells are specialised, and work together to form tissues. Some learners will be able to… ● Understand how specialisations of cells in particular tissues help them to fulfil their role. ...
ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPULSE
... The critical amount of electricity that is required from a nerve cell to fire is known as the threshold level. Stimuli below this level do not initiate a response. Any amount of stimulus above the threshold level gets the same response from the nerve cell. Nerve firing is an all-or-none response. It ...
... The critical amount of electricity that is required from a nerve cell to fire is known as the threshold level. Stimuli below this level do not initiate a response. Any amount of stimulus above the threshold level gets the same response from the nerve cell. Nerve firing is an all-or-none response. It ...
Ch 13 Notes
... • Dependent on host’s organelles and enzymes to produce new virions • Replication cycle usually results in death and lysis of host cell lytic replication • Stages of lytic replication cycle • Attachment-adsorption-attachment to host cells to cell wall proteins ...
... • Dependent on host’s organelles and enzymes to produce new virions • Replication cycle usually results in death and lysis of host cell lytic replication • Stages of lytic replication cycle • Attachment-adsorption-attachment to host cells to cell wall proteins ...
File - Varsity Field
... Spindle fibers bind to kinetochores. Chromosomes align on equator between poles. ...
... Spindle fibers bind to kinetochores. Chromosomes align on equator between poles. ...
The Amyloid Hypothesis as a “Six-Shooter”
... “let’s try to block the six-shooter trigger when it’s only been fired once, twice, or not yet at all,” so the bullets are not yet on the way. Other approaches work on blocking the cleavage enzymes that cause the beta-amyloid protein to form in the first place (see the NIH video on this site). Think ...
... “let’s try to block the six-shooter trigger when it’s only been fired once, twice, or not yet at all,” so the bullets are not yet on the way. Other approaches work on blocking the cleavage enzymes that cause the beta-amyloid protein to form in the first place (see the NIH video on this site). Think ...
cell growth, division, and reproduction
... a. Internal regulators are proteins that respond to events inside a cell i. they allow the cell cycle to proceed only once certain processes have happened inside the cell b. External regulators are proteins that respond to events outside the cell i. they direct cells to speed up or slow down the cel ...
... a. Internal regulators are proteins that respond to events inside a cell i. they allow the cell cycle to proceed only once certain processes have happened inside the cell b. External regulators are proteins that respond to events outside the cell i. they direct cells to speed up or slow down the cel ...
Unit title: Cells
... DISTINCTION: GD2: Application of Knowledge and GD7: Quality 1. Excellent comprehensive drawing and labelling of the cell structure. Excellent detailed explanation of the main cellular organelles. 2. Accurate drawing and labelling of the plasma membrane, with a complete explanation of its function an ...
... DISTINCTION: GD2: Application of Knowledge and GD7: Quality 1. Excellent comprehensive drawing and labelling of the cell structure. Excellent detailed explanation of the main cellular organelles. 2. Accurate drawing and labelling of the plasma membrane, with a complete explanation of its function an ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.