Chapter 9 - Bulldogbiology.com
... 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during ...
... 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during ...
4 Metabolism and Enzymes
... electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2) in aerobes. • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. Obligate anaerobes pe ...
... electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2) in aerobes. • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. Obligate anaerobes pe ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 9
... Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Substrate-level phosphorylation Phosphoglycerate kinase creates ATP NADH is produced Pyruvate formation and ATP generation Phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis by pyruvate kinase B. Pyruvate oxidation to Acetyl CoA In presence of oxygen Preparation for entry to Krebs cycle (cit ...
... Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Substrate-level phosphorylation Phosphoglycerate kinase creates ATP NADH is produced Pyruvate formation and ATP generation Phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis by pyruvate kinase B. Pyruvate oxidation to Acetyl CoA In presence of oxygen Preparation for entry to Krebs cycle (cit ...
Bio102 Problems
... 15. Why can your cells produce more usable cellular energy per carbon atom from a lipid molecule than from a carbohydrate molecule? Both are ultimately expelled from the body as CO2. To get there, each carbon atom from a lipid must be more oxidized more times than each carbon atom from a carbohydrat ...
... 15. Why can your cells produce more usable cellular energy per carbon atom from a lipid molecule than from a carbohydrate molecule? Both are ultimately expelled from the body as CO2. To get there, each carbon atom from a lipid must be more oxidized more times than each carbon atom from a carbohydrat ...
Redox Reactions in Metabolism Supplemental Reading Key
... is the precursor to FAD and to the related molecule flavin mononucleotide (FMN), both of which are often tightly associated with enzymes that catalyze redox reactions. FAD is a coenzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and is also covalently bound to a histidine residue in the citrate cycle enz ...
... is the precursor to FAD and to the related molecule flavin mononucleotide (FMN), both of which are often tightly associated with enzymes that catalyze redox reactions. FAD is a coenzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and is also covalently bound to a histidine residue in the citrate cycle enz ...
Active Transport of Amino Acids by Membrane
... heterotrophs (Gladstone, I 939 ; Umbarger, 1969). The Krebs cycle is incomplete in certain chemolithotrophs (Smith, London & Stanier, T 967), and NADH oxidation may not be coupled with oxidative phosphorylation (Henipfling & Vishniac, 1965 ; Johnson & Abraham, I 969). However, Tlziobacillus nea/-’ol ...
... heterotrophs (Gladstone, I 939 ; Umbarger, 1969). The Krebs cycle is incomplete in certain chemolithotrophs (Smith, London & Stanier, T 967), and NADH oxidation may not be coupled with oxidative phosphorylation (Henipfling & Vishniac, 1965 ; Johnson & Abraham, I 969). However, Tlziobacillus nea/-’ol ...
Study Guide
... _____ 2. The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a. acetyl CoA. b. pyruvic acid. c. oxaloacetic acid. d. citric acid. _____ 3. The Krebs cycle a. produces two molecules CO2. b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2. ...
... _____ 2. The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a. acetyl CoA. b. pyruvic acid. c. oxaloacetic acid. d. citric acid. _____ 3. The Krebs cycle a. produces two molecules CO2. b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2. ...
chapter review questions
... The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction. HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones. HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue. ...
... The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction. HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones. HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue. ...
Cell death in PD-the case for mitochondria
... Mito dysfunction • In PD, SN neurons accumulate mito DNA deletions at an abn rate-suggests that oxidative stress is occurring. • Impaired cell respiration results from mito DNA deficiency that causes respiratory chain deficiency • A mutation in the gene for mito DNA polymerase assoc. with accumulat ...
... Mito dysfunction • In PD, SN neurons accumulate mito DNA deletions at an abn rate-suggests that oxidative stress is occurring. • Impaired cell respiration results from mito DNA deficiency that causes respiratory chain deficiency • A mutation in the gene for mito DNA polymerase assoc. with accumulat ...
Chapter 10 - Clayton State University
... • The conversion is a decarboxylation because one carbon is liberated as CO2 • It is also an oxidation because two electrons (and one proton) are transferred to NAD+ to form NADH • Coenzyme A contains the B vitamin • Coenzyme A has a SH group that makes it a good carrier of acetate (and other organi ...
... • The conversion is a decarboxylation because one carbon is liberated as CO2 • It is also an oxidation because two electrons (and one proton) are transferred to NAD+ to form NADH • Coenzyme A contains the B vitamin • Coenzyme A has a SH group that makes it a good carrier of acetate (and other organi ...
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards
... where do the H+ atoms go? 51) What reducing agent accepts the H+ from succinic acid? 52) What is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)? 53) In our cells, which molecules carry hydrogen atoms? 54) Where do the H+ atoms from FADH2 go? 55) What is formed when oxygen accepts the H+ atoms? 56) Can enzymes be ...
... where do the H+ atoms go? 51) What reducing agent accepts the H+ from succinic acid? 52) What is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)? 53) In our cells, which molecules carry hydrogen atoms? 54) Where do the H+ atoms from FADH2 go? 55) What is formed when oxygen accepts the H+ atoms? 56) Can enzymes be ...
File - Mrs. LeCompte
... endergonic ATP production by the creation of a proton gradient across a membrane o Proposed by Peter Mitchell (1961) o The term chemiosimosis emphasizes the coupling between (1) chemical reactions (phosphorylation) and (2) transport processes (H+ transport) o Site of oxidative phosphorylation = the ...
... endergonic ATP production by the creation of a proton gradient across a membrane o Proposed by Peter Mitchell (1961) o The term chemiosimosis emphasizes the coupling between (1) chemical reactions (phosphorylation) and (2) transport processes (H+ transport) o Site of oxidative phosphorylation = the ...
sbs-017 basic biochemistry - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... Mitochondria, Citric acid cycle Objectives: To outline the role of mitochondria in the cell in the breakdown of sugars, lipids and amino-acids, and the role of the Citric Acid cycle in delivering the reducing power released into respiratory electron transfer. Structure and function of mitochondria P ...
... Mitochondria, Citric acid cycle Objectives: To outline the role of mitochondria in the cell in the breakdown of sugars, lipids and amino-acids, and the role of the Citric Acid cycle in delivering the reducing power released into respiratory electron transfer. Structure and function of mitochondria P ...
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes
... discussed in the next section of this chapter, the transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen is coupled to the transfer of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. Since protons are charged particles, this transfer establishes an electric pote ...
... discussed in the next section of this chapter, the transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen is coupled to the transfer of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. Since protons are charged particles, this transfer establishes an electric pote ...
Organic Chemistry
... Dehydration Sysnthesis Chapter 3: Macromolecules: Their Chemistry and Biology ...
... Dehydration Sysnthesis Chapter 3: Macromolecules: Their Chemistry and Biology ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
cellular respiration study guide
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to make ATP. ...
... Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to make ATP. ...
Citric acid cycle - Issaquah Connect
... In that case, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP ...
... In that case, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP ...
peptides - WordPress.com
... 11–6), continuously consuming and regenerating ATP. This occurs at a very rapid rate, since the total ATP/ADP pool is extremely small and sufficient to maintain an active tissue for only a few seconds. ...
... 11–6), continuously consuming and regenerating ATP. This occurs at a very rapid rate, since the total ATP/ADP pool is extremely small and sufficient to maintain an active tissue for only a few seconds. ...
Plants
... 2. Occurs in all plants and algae… 3. 6 CO2 must enter cycle to produce a 6-carbon sugar ...
... 2. Occurs in all plants and algae… 3. 6 CO2 must enter cycle to produce a 6-carbon sugar ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.