Lecture 13: Fighting Entropy II: Respiration
... • Starch is a highly reduced form of water and carbon dioxide • Therefore, breaking starch down into water and carbon dioxide releases energy ...
... • Starch is a highly reduced form of water and carbon dioxide • Therefore, breaking starch down into water and carbon dioxide releases energy ...
Biology Chapter 4
... Krebs Cycle: produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria 3 carbon molecules from glycolysis are broken down. A small number of ATP are made, along with other types of energy carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is given ...
... Krebs Cycle: produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria 3 carbon molecules from glycolysis are broken down. A small number of ATP are made, along with other types of energy carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is given ...
Chapter 4 Microbial Metabolism
... which organic molecules serve as both e donors and e acceptors. It 1. releases energy from organic molecules 2. does not require oxygen, but sometimes can occur in its presence 3. does not require use of the Krebs cycle or ETC 4. uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor (pyruvic acid or its ...
... which organic molecules serve as both e donors and e acceptors. It 1. releases energy from organic molecules 2. does not require oxygen, but sometimes can occur in its presence 3. does not require use of the Krebs cycle or ETC 4. uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor (pyruvic acid or its ...
Anaerobic Pathways Glycolysis Alternate Endpoints
... combines with protons (metabolic water) • Protons pumped out of mitochondrial matrix, setting up a gradient • ATP synthase converts ADP → ATP as protons flow back into matrix ...
... combines with protons (metabolic water) • Protons pumped out of mitochondrial matrix, setting up a gradient • ATP synthase converts ADP → ATP as protons flow back into matrix ...
Document
... monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and other products degraded to a few simpler products Can operate aerobically or anaerobically Generates some ATP and NADH or FADH ...
... monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and other products degraded to a few simpler products Can operate aerobically or anaerobically Generates some ATP and NADH or FADH ...
Professor Jason Raymond - School of Earth and Space Exploration
... Oxygen is the most readily accessible oxidant on the modern Earth… is the extra energy it provides necessary to support complex life? Tantalizing connection between rise of oxygen and the appearance of macroscopic eukaryotic fossils The “oxygen imperative”: the extra energy available by using oxyge ...
... Oxygen is the most readily accessible oxidant on the modern Earth… is the extra energy it provides necessary to support complex life? Tantalizing connection between rise of oxygen and the appearance of macroscopic eukaryotic fossils The “oxygen imperative”: the extra energy available by using oxyge ...
Cellular Respiration
... So, after glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, there are 4 ATP produced from each glucose. There’s still 32 ATP left to get from the process (because aerobic produces a total of 36 ATP from each glucose). ...
... So, after glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, there are 4 ATP produced from each glucose. There’s still 32 ATP left to get from the process (because aerobic produces a total of 36 ATP from each glucose). ...
Document
... one cycle. Although the two carbons which enter the cycle become the part of oxaloacetate, and are released as CO2 only in the third round of the cycle. The energy released due to this oxidation is conserved in the reduction of 3 NAD+, 1 FAD molecule and synthesis of one GTP molecule which is conver ...
... one cycle. Although the two carbons which enter the cycle become the part of oxaloacetate, and are released as CO2 only in the third round of the cycle. The energy released due to this oxidation is conserved in the reduction of 3 NAD+, 1 FAD molecule and synthesis of one GTP molecule which is conver ...
Sample Questions Chapters 9-10
... kcal/mol). The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a "mutant" organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the usual 36-38 moles of ATP? a. 0.4% ...
... kcal/mol). The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a "mutant" organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the usual 36-38 moles of ATP? a. 0.4% ...
Complete breakdown of Glucose:
... DO NOT COPY! This figure won’t be on the exam, I promise! But you still need to know what goes in and what comes out ...
... DO NOT COPY! This figure won’t be on the exam, I promise! But you still need to know what goes in and what comes out ...
Understanding Our Environment
... through the stomata into the leaf interior. If not replenished, CO2 would be used up in 22 years. Use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities have added excess carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. - May enhance photosynthesis. ...
... through the stomata into the leaf interior. If not replenished, CO2 would be used up in 22 years. Use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities have added excess carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. - May enhance photosynthesis. ...
userfiles/153/my files/09_lecture_presentation 2015?id=1069
... which exist in multiprotein complexes The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states ...
... which exist in multiprotein complexes The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states ...
see lecture notes
... The PGAL can be combined to form the following products: glucose, cellulose, maltose, starch, fatty acids,amino acids, and other molecules. RuBP is also reformed through a series of complicated reactions. This is not an efficient process. Less than 1% of the light energy that reaches the chloroplast ...
... The PGAL can be combined to form the following products: glucose, cellulose, maltose, starch, fatty acids,amino acids, and other molecules. RuBP is also reformed through a series of complicated reactions. This is not an efficient process. Less than 1% of the light energy that reaches the chloroplast ...
Name ______ Period ___________ Date ______ Cellular
... 1. What types of carbon-based molecules are most often broken down to make ATP? Explain how ATP production differs depending on the type of carbon-based molecule that is broken down. ...
... 1. What types of carbon-based molecules are most often broken down to make ATP? Explain how ATP production differs depending on the type of carbon-based molecule that is broken down. ...
Metabolism
... Glucose Catabolism • Also known as cellular respiration • Yields CO2, H2O and energy • Four general steps in process – Glycolysis – Formation of Acetyl CoA – Krebs cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • Breakdown of 6-C molecule (glucose) to two 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid) • In most cells fi ...
... Glucose Catabolism • Also known as cellular respiration • Yields CO2, H2O and energy • Four general steps in process – Glycolysis – Formation of Acetyl CoA – Krebs cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • Breakdown of 6-C molecule (glucose) to two 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid) • In most cells fi ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... Occurs in the cytoplasm Starts with 1 molecule of glucose Anaerobic (no O2 needed) Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) • Gain: 4 ATP 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate 2 Hydrogen ions (H+) ...
... Occurs in the cytoplasm Starts with 1 molecule of glucose Anaerobic (no O2 needed) Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) • Gain: 4 ATP 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate 2 Hydrogen ions (H+) ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... three stage - Organic fuel molecules are oxidized to yield twocarbon fragemnts in the form of acetyla –coA - The acetyl group is oxidized into carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle; energy released is conserved in the NADH and FADH2 - This reduced coenzyme transferred electron to oxygen through ET ...
... three stage - Organic fuel molecules are oxidized to yield twocarbon fragemnts in the form of acetyla –coA - The acetyl group is oxidized into carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle; energy released is conserved in the NADH and FADH2 - This reduced coenzyme transferred electron to oxygen through ET ...
Oxidation of Glucose
... penetrate mitochondria membrane , it can be used to produce energy (4 or , 6ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. ...
... penetrate mitochondria membrane , it can be used to produce energy (4 or , 6ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. ...
unit 3 – photosynthesis and cellular respiration
... Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all used to fuel cellular respiration but we will follow glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP + heat) Energy for work in the cell will be directly provided by ATP. B. Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction In general, in biological proces ...
... Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all used to fuel cellular respiration but we will follow glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP + heat) Energy for work in the cell will be directly provided by ATP. B. Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction In general, in biological proces ...
Anaerobic Respiration Gibb`s Free Energy PPT
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
File - Mrs Jones A
... Lower metabolic rate: Diving mammals will slow their heart rate, stop their breathing, and shunt blood flow from their extremities to the brain, heart, and muscles when starting a dive Diving mammals—including whales, seals and otters, have more haemoglobin/myoglobin (oxygen store) in their muscles. ...
... Lower metabolic rate: Diving mammals will slow their heart rate, stop their breathing, and shunt blood flow from their extremities to the brain, heart, and muscles when starting a dive Diving mammals—including whales, seals and otters, have more haemoglobin/myoglobin (oxygen store) in their muscles. ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.