SPOTTED HYAENA SURVIVAL AND DENSITY IN A LION
... Holekamp, 2009; Kolowski et al., 2007; Schuette et al., 2013). Wildlife residing close to human settlements are expected to experience stronger anthropogenic effects than those inhabiting the interior of protected areas. Conversely, in some ecosystems where human settlements occur, ungulates hav ...
... Holekamp, 2009; Kolowski et al., 2007; Schuette et al., 2013). Wildlife residing close to human settlements are expected to experience stronger anthropogenic effects than those inhabiting the interior of protected areas. Conversely, in some ecosystems where human settlements occur, ungulates hav ...
file - ORCA
... Concurrently, in this age of what has come to be known as ‘new’ or ‘non-equilibrium’ ecology, which rejects the notion that ecosystems or landscapes develop in linear, stable and predictable ways through time (see Scoones, 1999), the ability to replicate a historical state has been questioned (Allen ...
... Concurrently, in this age of what has come to be known as ‘new’ or ‘non-equilibrium’ ecology, which rejects the notion that ecosystems or landscapes develop in linear, stable and predictable ways through time (see Scoones, 1999), the ability to replicate a historical state has been questioned (Allen ...
SILICA ACCUMULATION IN GRASSES IN REPONSE TO A LARGE
... grasses, sedges, forbs and deciduous shrubs. Patches of dense willow thickets are interspersed within the meadows and they act as shelter and food source for herbivores. These habitats can support high diversity and productivity and may therefore be essential as food source for tundra herbivores (Br ...
... grasses, sedges, forbs and deciduous shrubs. Patches of dense willow thickets are interspersed within the meadows and they act as shelter and food source for herbivores. These habitats can support high diversity and productivity and may therefore be essential as food source for tundra herbivores (Br ...
Predation
... Concept 12.2: Organisms have evolved a wide range of adaptations that help them capture food and avoid being eaten. Life changed radically with the appearance of the first macroscopic predators roughly 530 million years ago. Before that time, the seas were dominated by soft-bodied organisms. ...
... Concept 12.2: Organisms have evolved a wide range of adaptations that help them capture food and avoid being eaten. Life changed radically with the appearance of the first macroscopic predators roughly 530 million years ago. Before that time, the seas were dominated by soft-bodied organisms. ...
Full Text
... groups of 2 to 25 members. With the onset of spring, groups separate and during summer mixed groups are hardly seen. The social organisation of deer shows it is matriarchal, mature stags live apart from the hinds except during the rut, the care of the young is left entirely on the hinds. In summer f ...
... groups of 2 to 25 members. With the onset of spring, groups separate and during summer mixed groups are hardly seen. The social organisation of deer shows it is matriarchal, mature stags live apart from the hinds except during the rut, the care of the young is left entirely on the hinds. In summer f ...
Management of Federally Owned Grasslands in the Climate Change
... http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/grassland-profile/ (―What all [grasslands] have in common is grass as their naturally dominant vegetation. Grasslands are found where there is not enough regular rainfall to support the growth of a forest, but not so little as to form a ...
... http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/grassland-profile/ (―What all [grasslands] have in common is grass as their naturally dominant vegetation. Grasslands are found where there is not enough regular rainfall to support the growth of a forest, but not so little as to form a ...
Willow-characterised shrub vegetation in tundra and its relation to
... years 2007–2008 I was offered a possibility to work at the Botanical museum of Helsinki. During this time Teuvo Ahti helped me with lichen identication and Henry Väre with willow specimens. When staying in Rovaniemi, I was offered accommodation and laboratory facilities by the Finnish Forest Resear ...
... years 2007–2008 I was offered a possibility to work at the Botanical museum of Helsinki. During this time Teuvo Ahti helped me with lichen identication and Henry Väre with willow specimens. When staying in Rovaniemi, I was offered accommodation and laboratory facilities by the Finnish Forest Resear ...
Effects of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Insect
... desert to tundra in high latitudes and from desert to grasslands in temperate and tropical regions are likely. The environmental changes are occurring hundreds of times faster than they did after the last glacial period; so some plants, which have generation times on the order of tens of years or mo ...
... desert to tundra in high latitudes and from desert to grasslands in temperate and tropical regions are likely. The environmental changes are occurring hundreds of times faster than they did after the last glacial period; so some plants, which have generation times on the order of tens of years or mo ...
NITROGEN LIMITATION AND TROPHIC VS. ABIOTIC INFLUENCES ON M E. R
... Finally, abiotic conditions also may be important for grasshoppers, because years with below-average temperature and/or above-average precipitation can inhibit their productivity. Cool, wet conditions are often associated with retarded development (Scharff 1954, Dempster 1963, Gage and Mukerji 1977, ...
... Finally, abiotic conditions also may be important for grasshoppers, because years with below-average temperature and/or above-average precipitation can inhibit their productivity. Cool, wet conditions are often associated with retarded development (Scharff 1954, Dempster 1963, Gage and Mukerji 1977, ...
Quantifying Albedo and Surface Temperature
... environmentally and economically, for mitigating the United States’ contribution to global warming. First, many pieces of current legislation propose a mandatory cap-andtrade program to control how much carbon is emitted by sources within the U.S. (Pew 2007a). This would allow facilities to satisfy ...
... environmentally and economically, for mitigating the United States’ contribution to global warming. First, many pieces of current legislation propose a mandatory cap-andtrade program to control how much carbon is emitted by sources within the U.S. (Pew 2007a). This would allow facilities to satisfy ...
www.permafrostcarbon.org - Arctic Research Consortium of the
... causing normally frozen ground to thaw, exposing significant quantities of organic carbon to decomposition by soil microbes. This permafrost carbon is the remnants of plants and animals accumulated in perennially frozen soil over thousands of years, and it holds twice as much carbon as currently in ...
... causing normally frozen ground to thaw, exposing significant quantities of organic carbon to decomposition by soil microbes. This permafrost carbon is the remnants of plants and animals accumulated in perennially frozen soil over thousands of years, and it holds twice as much carbon as currently in ...
draft for USGS Review - UAF SNAP
... development work focused on betterrepresenting dynamics in lowland ecosystems. This included the development of a modeling capability to represent landscape-level thermokarst changes, which are important to incorporate into the IEM because subsidence associated with the melting of previously frozen ...
... development work focused on betterrepresenting dynamics in lowland ecosystems. This included the development of a modeling capability to represent landscape-level thermokarst changes, which are important to incorporate into the IEM because subsidence associated with the melting of previously frozen ...
Are Tree Species Diversity and Genotypic Diversity Effects on Insect
... have received much attention over the last two decades [1, 2, 3,4], there is also increasing evidence for plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. In particular, a number of studies have shown that both intra- and inter-specific plant diversity, measured as the number of ...
... have received much attention over the last two decades [1, 2, 3,4], there is also increasing evidence for plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. In particular, a number of studies have shown that both intra- and inter-specific plant diversity, measured as the number of ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 311:273
... range from 353 to 565 Gt, this gives us roughly a biosphere made up of about 1000 Gt C (summed from Appendix F in Smil 2002). This biomass moves about 110.2 Gt C among the spheres annually (assuming all the carbon taken up by the biosphere in a year is released in the same year) (Schlesinger 1997b). ...
... range from 353 to 565 Gt, this gives us roughly a biosphere made up of about 1000 Gt C (summed from Appendix F in Smil 2002). This biomass moves about 110.2 Gt C among the spheres annually (assuming all the carbon taken up by the biosphere in a year is released in the same year) (Schlesinger 1997b). ...
Long-term ecological dynamics: reciprocal
... despite not being designed as such. This is why anthropogenic gradients have helped to deepen the conceptual understanding of natural ecological dynamics (table 1). Here we discuss three types of anthropogenic gradients that have been used for this purpose. It is important to note that human influen ...
... despite not being designed as such. This is why anthropogenic gradients have helped to deepen the conceptual understanding of natural ecological dynamics (table 1). Here we discuss three types of anthropogenic gradients that have been used for this purpose. It is important to note that human influen ...
couverture IRIS_out - Memorial University
... The vegetation of Nunavik and Nunatsiavut changes from treeline to arctic/alpine tundra moving northward and upwards in elevation. Current and predicted environmental changes promote shrub growth as well as treeline expansion, but not in a uniform way. Research has documented an increasing trend in ...
... The vegetation of Nunavik and Nunatsiavut changes from treeline to arctic/alpine tundra moving northward and upwards in elevation. Current and predicted environmental changes promote shrub growth as well as treeline expansion, but not in a uniform way. Research has documented an increasing trend in ...
Wolf Predation and Ungulate Populations Department of Zoology
... Banfield (1954) and Kelsall (1957) that the estimate was too high. Kelsall (1957) suggested, on the basis of observations made in the course of 43,624 miles of transit flying on caribou surveys, that a population of 8,000, or one wolf per 60 square miles of caribou range, would be more realistic (Ta ...
... Banfield (1954) and Kelsall (1957) that the estimate was too high. Kelsall (1957) suggested, on the basis of observations made in the course of 43,624 miles of transit flying on caribou surveys, that a population of 8,000, or one wolf per 60 square miles of caribou range, would be more realistic (Ta ...
Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton
... collected in this program are young-of-the-year planktivores (median lengths from 70 to 81 mm ...
... collected in this program are young-of-the-year planktivores (median lengths from 70 to 81 mm ...
The concept of overgrazing and its role in management of
... cies, the term overgrazing implies grazing above a level at which other aspects of biodiversity is threatened, i.e., when grazing is in conflict with conservation efforts. Sometimes nature conservationists have a more narrow focus. For example, an extensive report about grazing and overgrazing in S ...
... cies, the term overgrazing implies grazing above a level at which other aspects of biodiversity is threatened, i.e., when grazing is in conflict with conservation efforts. Sometimes nature conservationists have a more narrow focus. For example, an extensive report about grazing and overgrazing in S ...
burmese pythons in everglades.full
... large enough to prey on medium-sized mammals (24). Finally, ENP represents a vast natural area where hunting is prohibited; other than changes in water-management regimes, anthropogenic impacts in ENP that might result in mammal declines have not changed markedly during the last two decades (25). Se ...
... large enough to prey on medium-sized mammals (24). Finally, ENP represents a vast natural area where hunting is prohibited; other than changes in water-management regimes, anthropogenic impacts in ENP that might result in mammal declines have not changed markedly during the last two decades (25). Se ...
41
... control in Special Ecological Areas, were usually monitored by counting individuals encountered, and were controlled on an annual basis. All target species have declined sharply since initiation of treatment. For example, density or biomass of the three most important alien species, firetree (Myrica ...
... control in Special Ecological Areas, were usually monitored by counting individuals encountered, and were controlled on an annual basis. All target species have declined sharply since initiation of treatment. For example, density or biomass of the three most important alien species, firetree (Myrica ...
i. Title Rapid carbon turnover beneath shrub and tree vegetation is
... 2012). These do not conform to the positive relationships between productivity and C storage ...
... 2012). These do not conform to the positive relationships between productivity and C storage ...
Pleistocene Park
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.