SIGNIFICANCE OF UNGULATES IN THE ... S ETTLED WOLVES IN THE MERCANTOUR ...
... The study only concerned the diet of the main pack present during 1 994-95 in the Mercantour because the data collected on the second pack was too small to be included in the analysis. Wolf scats were collected from April 1 994 to March 1 995 in a 280 km2 mountainous study area of which 48 % ( 1 33 ...
... The study only concerned the diet of the main pack present during 1 994-95 in the Mercantour because the data collected on the second pack was too small to be included in the analysis. Wolf scats were collected from April 1 994 to March 1 995 in a 280 km2 mountainous study area of which 48 % ( 1 33 ...
Large Marine Carnivores: Trophic Cascades and Top
... Carnivores are predators that consume animals; herbivores are predators that consume plants. The effect of consumers on prey populations is measured as “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of ...
... Carnivores are predators that consume animals; herbivores are predators that consume plants. The effect of consumers on prey populations is measured as “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of ...
Food-web structure and ecosystem services: insights from the
... The central organizing theme of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of the Serengeti grassland ecosystem from the perspective of recent developments in food-web theory. The seasonal rainfall patterns that characterize the East African climate create an annually oscillating, large-scale, spatial mo ...
... The central organizing theme of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of the Serengeti grassland ecosystem from the perspective of recent developments in food-web theory. The seasonal rainfall patterns that characterize the East African climate create an annually oscillating, large-scale, spatial mo ...
Climate change alters interannual variation of grassland
... which is located in typical temperate grassland in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China (116.7°E, 43.6°N, 1187 m a.s.l.). The climate is continental with cold, dry winters and warm, rainy summers. Mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (AP) during 1982–2003 ...
... which is located in typical temperate grassland in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China (116.7°E, 43.6°N, 1187 m a.s.l.). The climate is continental with cold, dry winters and warm, rainy summers. Mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (AP) during 1982–2003 ...
Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem
... the total diet breadth of the herbivore community and the probability of all macroalgae being removed from reefs by herbivores increases with increasing herbivore diversity, but that a few critical species drive this relationship. Therefore, interactions between algal defenses and herbivore toleranc ...
... the total diet breadth of the herbivore community and the probability of all macroalgae being removed from reefs by herbivores increases with increasing herbivore diversity, but that a few critical species drive this relationship. Therefore, interactions between algal defenses and herbivore toleranc ...
Why Do the Boreal Forest Ecosystems of Northwestern Europe Differ
... vegetation difference between these two regions is striking (figure 1). The layer of deciduous tall shrubs that predominates in boreal North America is virtually missing in Europe, where a layer of ericaceous dwarf shrubs predominates. Other aspects of the food web are also markedly different betwee ...
... vegetation difference between these two regions is striking (figure 1). The layer of deciduous tall shrubs that predominates in boreal North America is virtually missing in Europe, where a layer of ericaceous dwarf shrubs predominates. Other aspects of the food web are also markedly different betwee ...
fact sheet - Zoos Victoria
... mainland Eastern Barred Bandicoots. As Eastern Barred Bandicoots make nests in native grasses, it is easy for foxes and cats to sniff them out, and Eastern Barred Bandicoots are not adapted to deal with such introduced predators. ...
... mainland Eastern Barred Bandicoots. As Eastern Barred Bandicoots make nests in native grasses, it is easy for foxes and cats to sniff them out, and Eastern Barred Bandicoots are not adapted to deal with such introduced predators. ...
The SER Primer on Ecological Restoration
... Various technical terms are introduced throughout this document. Some of these terms may be unfamiliar to readers who are not ecologists, while others have multiple connotations from differential usage. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, key terms are explained in the manner in which the ...
... Various technical terms are introduced throughout this document. Some of these terms may be unfamiliar to readers who are not ecologists, while others have multiple connotations from differential usage. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, key terms are explained in the manner in which the ...
The Serengeti Region
... • . Initially elephants, which feed on both young and old trees, had been blamed for the shrinking woodlands. But experiments showed that other factors were more important. Meanwhile, elephant populations were reduced from 2,460 in 1970 to 467 in 1986 by poaching. ...
... • . Initially elephants, which feed on both young and old trees, had been blamed for the shrinking woodlands. But experiments showed that other factors were more important. Meanwhile, elephant populations were reduced from 2,460 in 1970 to 467 in 1986 by poaching. ...
4-2 - Biology withMrs. Ellsworth
... of an ecosystem reviving itself after all or a portion has been destroyed. • The concept refers primarily to plant life and can be the result of a natural or man-made event. • The primary concept is that the life was previously on the soil, eliminating the need for deposition of new seeds or soil. • ...
... of an ecosystem reviving itself after all or a portion has been destroyed. • The concept refers primarily to plant life and can be the result of a natural or man-made event. • The primary concept is that the life was previously on the soil, eliminating the need for deposition of new seeds or soil. • ...
ecosystem - UNL Entomology
... resource becomes limited, competition will occur (Kormondy 1996). Competition is considered a negative-negative interaction whereby the individuals or populations involved suffer as a result of the relationship. Competition can be interspecific, between different species, or intraspecific, between t ...
... resource becomes limited, competition will occur (Kormondy 1996). Competition is considered a negative-negative interaction whereby the individuals or populations involved suffer as a result of the relationship. Competition can be interspecific, between different species, or intraspecific, between t ...
Ecosystem services and conservation strategy: beware the silver bullet
... not have an equivalent value: as he puts it “not all ecological systems are pearls of great price” (p. 38). Furthermore, these values can change over time, especially as a consequence of changing economic circumstances, which can equally strip ecosystems of their value. Thus, in the bottomland fores ...
... not have an equivalent value: as he puts it “not all ecological systems are pearls of great price” (p. 38). Furthermore, these values can change over time, especially as a consequence of changing economic circumstances, which can equally strip ecosystems of their value. Thus, in the bottomland fores ...
Restoration of Ecosystems
... • Young discipline is maturing (into what?) • Context of rapidly changing environment • Jargon/terminology of ‘restoration’ – (reclamation, rehabilitation, revegetation) creates unrealistic expectations ...
... • Young discipline is maturing (into what?) • Context of rapidly changing environment • Jargon/terminology of ‘restoration’ – (reclamation, rehabilitation, revegetation) creates unrealistic expectations ...
Section 1: What Is an Ecosystem?
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
Cascading effects of artificial light at night: resource
... Artificial light at night can impact directly on plants [53,54]. In addition to conversion of sunlight into energy via photosynthesis (to which the relatively low light levels experienced by plants under artificial light at night probably make a very minor contribution), plants respond to their natu ...
... Artificial light at night can impact directly on plants [53,54]. In addition to conversion of sunlight into energy via photosynthesis (to which the relatively low light levels experienced by plants under artificial light at night probably make a very minor contribution), plants respond to their natu ...
PDF - World Agroforestry Centre
... regions themselves. Thus, climate change impacts on the Plateau’s grasslands is a clear domain in which there are diverse stakeholders with diverse perspectives and interests, as well as varying capacities to influence the outcomes of decision-making processes. It is in this context that this paper ...
... regions themselves. Thus, climate change impacts on the Plateau’s grasslands is a clear domain in which there are diverse stakeholders with diverse perspectives and interests, as well as varying capacities to influence the outcomes of decision-making processes. It is in this context that this paper ...
Parks Conservation and Lands - Commissioner for Sustainability
... Numerous ecological studies and ecological theory indicate that when habitat is reduced in area and fragmented into small disconnected patches, the small populations of animals and plants dependent on that habitat face a higher risk of extinction, even when the reason for their initial decline (such ...
... Numerous ecological studies and ecological theory indicate that when habitat is reduced in area and fragmented into small disconnected patches, the small populations of animals and plants dependent on that habitat face a higher risk of extinction, even when the reason for their initial decline (such ...
What Is an Ecosystem?
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
Deep-sea ecosystem: a world of positive biodiversity – ecosystem
... Published: 29 January 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. ...
... Published: 29 January 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. ...
Modeled current and future soil thermal regime for northeast Canada
... thermal regime for northeastern Canada is presented in this paper using a one-dimensional heat conduction model. Projected changes are estimated as the difference between two simulations of the soil model corresponding to the IPCC IS92a future scenario (2041–2070), which has effective CO2 concentrat ...
... thermal regime for northeastern Canada is presented in this paper using a one-dimensional heat conduction model. Projected changes are estimated as the difference between two simulations of the soil model corresponding to the IPCC IS92a future scenario (2041–2070), which has effective CO2 concentrat ...
Ecosystem Consequences of Biological Invasions
... range in scale from small, plot-scale studies of individual flux rates to landscape-scale transformations of extensive areas. Species that alter ecological conditions (biotic, abiotic, or both) over larger regions have been termed transformers (Richardson et al. 2000). However, species may change flux ...
... range in scale from small, plot-scale studies of individual flux rates to landscape-scale transformations of extensive areas. Species that alter ecological conditions (biotic, abiotic, or both) over larger regions have been termed transformers (Richardson et al. 2000). However, species may change flux ...
Heinrich event 4 characterized by terrestrial proxies in southwestern
... (Universal Transverse Mercator) squares (Palombo and Gisbert, 2005; Pleguezuelos et al., 2004). The resulting intersection will indicate an area with climate conditions similar to those of the association under study. Careful attention is paid to ensure that the real current distribution of each spe ...
... (Universal Transverse Mercator) squares (Palombo and Gisbert, 2005; Pleguezuelos et al., 2004). The resulting intersection will indicate an area with climate conditions similar to those of the association under study. Careful attention is paid to ensure that the real current distribution of each spe ...
Phenotypic Plasticity in the Interactions and Evolution of Species
... community context can also be influenced by phenotypic plasticity. For example, there are manifold plastic responses of prey to predators, some of which may affect other species in an ecological community (Table 1). The consumption of prey by predators can obviously have strong ramifications for the ...
... community context can also be influenced by phenotypic plasticity. For example, there are manifold plastic responses of prey to predators, some of which may affect other species in an ecological community (Table 1). The consumption of prey by predators can obviously have strong ramifications for the ...
Phenotypic Plasticity
... community context can also be influenced by phenotypic plasticity. For example, there are manifold plastic responses of prey to predators, some of which may affect other species in an ecological community (Table 1). The consumption of prey by predators can obviously have strong ramifications for the ...
... community context can also be influenced by phenotypic plasticity. For example, there are manifold plastic responses of prey to predators, some of which may affect other species in an ecological community (Table 1). The consumption of prey by predators can obviously have strong ramifications for the ...
Deliverable 2F3 Full Costs of Climate Change WP 2F
... other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part (MA 2005). It includes diversity at different levels, ranging from genes and populations over species to communities and ecosystems. Although it is clear that biodiversity is linked to ecosystem stability and ecosystem serv ...
... other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part (MA 2005). It includes diversity at different levels, ranging from genes and populations over species to communities and ecosystems. Although it is clear that biodiversity is linked to ecosystem stability and ecosystem serv ...
Pleistocene Park
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.