Environmental context determines multi-trophic effects of consumer species loss
... The role of consumers includes both direct and indirect effects on lower trophic levels (Wootton, 1994) and recent work has yielded important insights into the direct and indirect effects of consumer species loss on ecosystem functioning and stability (O’Connor & Bruno, 2007; Griffin et al., 2008; O ...
... The role of consumers includes both direct and indirect effects on lower trophic levels (Wootton, 1994) and recent work has yielded important insights into the direct and indirect effects of consumer species loss on ecosystem functioning and stability (O’Connor & Bruno, 2007; Griffin et al., 2008; O ...
Western Grassland Reserves interim management
... Nature conservation in a human landscape The primary aim of the Western Grassland Reserves will be nature conservation. The reserves will be ‘protected areas’ in line with international standards (IUCN; Dudley 2008). However, the exact legal status of the reserves is yet to be determined, and an ov ...
... Nature conservation in a human landscape The primary aim of the Western Grassland Reserves will be nature conservation. The reserves will be ‘protected areas’ in line with international standards (IUCN; Dudley 2008). However, the exact legal status of the reserves is yet to be determined, and an ov ...
greening soweto: calculating above
... concerns of global climate change attributed to anthropogenic burning of fossil fuel and land use change, there have been a number of approaches used to enhance urban habitability, while ameliorating the adverse effects of greenhouse gases such as emission abatement, emission avoidance and carbon se ...
... concerns of global climate change attributed to anthropogenic burning of fossil fuel and land use change, there have been a number of approaches used to enhance urban habitability, while ameliorating the adverse effects of greenhouse gases such as emission abatement, emission avoidance and carbon se ...
SJRA Ecological System - Mountain Studies Institute
... Mean projected precipitation changes are generally less certain than those for temperature, and may not be outside the range of historic variability, at least by mid-century. Previous NARCCAP regional climate model analysis under a high emissions (A2) scenario (Kunkel et al. 2013) indicated for Colo ...
... Mean projected precipitation changes are generally less certain than those for temperature, and may not be outside the range of historic variability, at least by mid-century. Previous NARCCAP regional climate model analysis under a high emissions (A2) scenario (Kunkel et al. 2013) indicated for Colo ...
The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well
... 2007; Smith, 2006) think it may be useful to distinguish between ecosystem services that are a consequence of biodiversity, and a more general class of ‘environmental services’, like wind or hydraulic potential, that have a more indirect connection. Wind or hydraulic flows may be affected by the pre ...
... 2007; Smith, 2006) think it may be useful to distinguish between ecosystem services that are a consequence of biodiversity, and a more general class of ‘environmental services’, like wind or hydraulic potential, that have a more indirect connection. Wind or hydraulic flows may be affected by the pre ...
Are Exotic Herbivores Better Competitors? A Meta
... between native and exotic insects. Due to a lack of replication, we could not analyze (3) and (4) ...
... between native and exotic insects. Due to a lack of replication, we could not analyze (3) and (4) ...
A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... often between several trophic levels and are therefore more difficult to monitor using single‐organism monitoring approach alone (Forchhammer & Post 2004). This has been recognised in several temporal ecosystem communities but also at Zackenberg. For example, we know that following winters with m ...
... often between several trophic levels and are therefore more difficult to monitor using single‐organism monitoring approach alone (Forchhammer & Post 2004). This has been recognised in several temporal ecosystem communities but also at Zackenberg. For example, we know that following winters with m ...
Twenty-two years chairgroup
... dynamics of very nutrient-rich grazed swamps in Western Europe show the same behaviour (Theo Vulink 2001). While we got more and more interested in the alternative states of trees or grasses (leading to a publication in Nature), we then realised that trees may both compete with grasses and facilitat ...
... dynamics of very nutrient-rich grazed swamps in Western Europe show the same behaviour (Theo Vulink 2001). While we got more and more interested in the alternative states of trees or grasses (leading to a publication in Nature), we then realised that trees may both compete with grasses and facilitat ...
A new approach to mapping permafrost and change incorporating
... substance. The impact of climate change on permafrost distribution was recognized a long time ago (Wild, 1882) and is now an important issue for northern land use planning, infrastructure development, and global climate projections (ACIA, 2005). Woo et al. (1992) estimated the shift in boundaries of ...
... substance. The impact of climate change on permafrost distribution was recognized a long time ago (Wild, 1882) and is now an important issue for northern land use planning, infrastructure development, and global climate projections (ACIA, 2005). Woo et al. (1992) estimated the shift in boundaries of ...
Journal of Animal Ecology 82(6) - Seagrass Ecosystems Research
... and not based on any a priori reasoning other than we expected grazing pressure to cause a rapid decrease in seagrass biomass. The same four fixed quadrats (60 cm 9 60 cm) were sampled for shoot densities. To compare removal rates among species and plots with differing starting shoot densities, we c ...
... and not based on any a priori reasoning other than we expected grazing pressure to cause a rapid decrease in seagrass biomass. The same four fixed quadrats (60 cm 9 60 cm) were sampled for shoot densities. To compare removal rates among species and plots with differing starting shoot densities, we c ...
Aves, Strigiformes, Tytonidae
... opinion of the family identity of Tytonidae (Del Hoyo et al., 1999; Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990), has been recently synonymized with the genus Balearica, family Gruidae, by MourerChauviré, (2001). The genus Tyto is known since the Upper Miocene with the species T. sanctialbani reported from various Eu ...
... opinion of the family identity of Tytonidae (Del Hoyo et al., 1999; Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990), has been recently synonymized with the genus Balearica, family Gruidae, by MourerChauviré, (2001). The genus Tyto is known since the Upper Miocene with the species T. sanctialbani reported from various Eu ...
Monitoring programs sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of Natural
... followed by determining whether the priority indicators were being/could be assessed within ongoing monitoring programs sponsored by MNR. ...
... followed by determining whether the priority indicators were being/could be assessed within ongoing monitoring programs sponsored by MNR. ...
Methane - Clean Air Task Force
... estimates.8 Microbes in the stomachs of cows (as well as other ruminants such as sheep, goats, buffalo and camels) produce methane by fermenting food during digestion—a process known as enteric fermentation; emissions exit when the animals exhale or belch. Other agricultural sources include rice cu ...
... estimates.8 Microbes in the stomachs of cows (as well as other ruminants such as sheep, goats, buffalo and camels) produce methane by fermenting food during digestion—a process known as enteric fermentation; emissions exit when the animals exhale or belch. Other agricultural sources include rice cu ...
Ecological non-monotonicity and its effects on complexity and
... organism is obviously caused by the limitation imposed by environmental factors or resources, and can be used to explain or predict species distribution in space (Elith et al., 2006). Second, organisms can adapt in both physiology and behavior to changing environments. Their interactions with abioti ...
... organism is obviously caused by the limitation imposed by environmental factors or resources, and can be used to explain or predict species distribution in space (Elith et al., 2006). Second, organisms can adapt in both physiology and behavior to changing environments. Their interactions with abioti ...
Chapter 6 _4_ - Mater Academy of International Studies
... Data from 75 studies covering 1700 species of plants and animals confirms that many species and communities are responding as though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
... Data from 75 studies covering 1700 species of plants and animals confirms that many species and communities are responding as though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges
... Data from 75 studies covering 1700 species of plants and animals confirms that many species and communities are responding as though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
... Data from 75 studies covering 1700 species of plants and animals confirms that many species and communities are responding as though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic
... 82 dingo scats. Cat remains were also found in one gut sample and one scat. Consumption of cats by dingoes has also been reported by Newsome et al. (1983), Lundie-Jenkins et al. (1993), Thomson (1992a), Corbett (1995) and Paltridge (2002). In addition, Pettigrew (1993) reported that an adult cat fit ...
... 82 dingo scats. Cat remains were also found in one gut sample and one scat. Consumption of cats by dingoes has also been reported by Newsome et al. (1983), Lundie-Jenkins et al. (1993), Thomson (1992a), Corbett (1995) and Paltridge (2002). In addition, Pettigrew (1993) reported that an adult cat fit ...
Feral Horse Risk Assessment - Department of Agriculture and
... study and quantification, since little data currently exists to guide decision making and prioritisation. While most feral horses in Queensland inhabit arid and semi-arid western and northern parts of the state, they can also persist in forest country along the east coast, including areas close to B ...
... study and quantification, since little data currently exists to guide decision making and prioritisation. While most feral horses in Queensland inhabit arid and semi-arid western and northern parts of the state, they can also persist in forest country along the east coast, including areas close to B ...
eports - University of Rhode Island
... three variables were considered to be beneficial to the focal insect; in the case of development time, however, an increase is generally considered to be harmful (Haggstrom and Larsson 1995). In order to standardize the variables so that an increase was always good for the insect, we multiplied the e ...
... three variables were considered to be beneficial to the focal insect; in the case of development time, however, an increase is generally considered to be harmful (Haggstrom and Larsson 1995). In order to standardize the variables so that an increase was always good for the insect, we multiplied the e ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
Arctic Ecozone + highlights and key findings
... Co-management regimes for wildlife and habitat through boards or councils with input from Aboriginal regional and local governance bodies, as well as federal and territorial governments, are central to all aspects of ecological management, monitoring, and research. Human population tripled from 12 ...
... Co-management regimes for wildlife and habitat through boards or councils with input from Aboriginal regional and local governance bodies, as well as federal and territorial governments, are central to all aspects of ecological management, monitoring, and research. Human population tripled from 12 ...
Vegetation Change and Ecosystem Services
... spp., Muhlenbergia rigens) were historically more important constituents in some environments (Keeley 1990, Holland and Keil 1995, Holstein 2001, Schiffman 2007). Recent studies suggest that grasses were dominant only in coastal grasslands and along riparian corridors (Evett and Bartolome 2013) and ...
... spp., Muhlenbergia rigens) were historically more important constituents in some environments (Keeley 1990, Holland and Keil 1995, Holstein 2001, Schiffman 2007). Recent studies suggest that grasses were dominant only in coastal grasslands and along riparian corridors (Evett and Bartolome 2013) and ...
REGIME SHIFTS, RESILIENCE, AND BIODIVERSITY IN
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
Vegetation Cover Changes in Ngorongoro Conservation Area from
... Institute of Development Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35169, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Abstract: Ngorongoro conservation area is a multiple land-use system established in 1959 to provide for both wildlife conservation and economic development of resident Maasai pastoralists. A study ...
... Institute of Development Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35169, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Abstract: Ngorongoro conservation area is a multiple land-use system established in 1959 to provide for both wildlife conservation and economic development of resident Maasai pastoralists. A study ...
Blue Mountains National Park - plan of management
... This plan of management applies to lands reserved as Blue Mountains National Park, comprising an area of 247,156 hectares. Other Crown and Council lands have been proposed for additions to the park, as have certain Sydney Catchment Authority freehold lands in the Kedumba and Coxs River Valleys and a ...
... This plan of management applies to lands reserved as Blue Mountains National Park, comprising an area of 247,156 hectares. Other Crown and Council lands have been proposed for additions to the park, as have certain Sydney Catchment Authority freehold lands in the Kedumba and Coxs River Valleys and a ...
Pleistocene Park
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.