canadian parks and protected areas
... An increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has altered the planet’s climate system and is the main driver of current rapid climate change. “Global atmospheric concentrations of CO2 [carbon dioxide], CH4 [methane] and N2O [nitrous oxide] have increased markedly as a result of hum ...
... An increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has altered the planet’s climate system and is the main driver of current rapid climate change. “Global atmospheric concentrations of CO2 [carbon dioxide], CH4 [methane] and N2O [nitrous oxide] have increased markedly as a result of hum ...
Molecular Ecosystems - University of Denver
... it will not be clear where boundaries should be drawn. A possible solution lies in the adoption of an altogether different mode of system individuation: instead of circumscribing an entire region by relying on physical discontinuities, one can track the activity of organisms and then plot their dis ...
... it will not be clear where boundaries should be drawn. A possible solution lies in the adoption of an altogether different mode of system individuation: instead of circumscribing an entire region by relying on physical discontinuities, one can track the activity of organisms and then plot their dis ...
Canada Of lemmings and snowshoe hares: the
... precipitation is ca 280 mm and includes an average annual snowfall of approximately 100 cm. The tree community is dominated by white spruce (Picea glauca) interspersed with trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). The upper shrub layer is composed of w ...
... precipitation is ca 280 mm and includes an average annual snowfall of approximately 100 cm. The tree community is dominated by white spruce (Picea glauca) interspersed with trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). The upper shrub layer is composed of w ...
Detecting microbial N-limitation in tussock tundra soil
... secondary C-limitation regardless of the potential C supply (Fontaine et al., 2003; Schimel and Weintraub, 2003). Separating these different mechanisms requires more sophisticated analyses than simply measuring changes in respiration with C or N-additions. For example, if microbial growth is moderat ...
... secondary C-limitation regardless of the potential C supply (Fontaine et al., 2003; Schimel and Weintraub, 2003). Separating these different mechanisms requires more sophisticated analyses than simply measuring changes in respiration with C or N-additions. For example, if microbial growth is moderat ...
Northern hairy-nosed wombat factsheet
... hairy-nosed wombats Visit www.ehp.qld.gov.au or phone 13 QGOV (13 74 68). are left? It is thought that the NHN wombat might have already been in decline when Europeans settled, and was probably the least common of the three wombat species at that time. In the 1980’s NHN wombat numbers had fallen as ...
... hairy-nosed wombats Visit www.ehp.qld.gov.au or phone 13 QGOV (13 74 68). are left? It is thought that the NHN wombat might have already been in decline when Europeans settled, and was probably the least common of the three wombat species at that time. In the 1980’s NHN wombat numbers had fallen as ...
Plant genotype and nitrogen loading influence seagrass productivity
... which traits vary among plant genotypes and how they influence ecological processes, and to assess their relative contribution to ecosystem functioning in comparison to other factors. Here we used a mesocosm experiment to examine the relative influence of genotypic identity and extreme levels of nitro ...
... which traits vary among plant genotypes and how they influence ecological processes, and to assess their relative contribution to ecosystem functioning in comparison to other factors. Here we used a mesocosm experiment to examine the relative influence of genotypic identity and extreme levels of nitro ...
Interspecific interactions in phytophagous insects revisited: a
... Davidson & Andrewartha (1948) were among the first to challenge the importance of competition based on their long-term observations of thrips on rose bushes. Interannual variation in the abundance of thrips was correlated with weather, and not explained by density-dependent factors such as competiti ...
... Davidson & Andrewartha (1948) were among the first to challenge the importance of competition based on their long-term observations of thrips on rose bushes. Interannual variation in the abundance of thrips was correlated with weather, and not explained by density-dependent factors such as competiti ...
Ecosystems and Their Services - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... biological environment constitute an interacting and ever-changing system that is known as an ecosystem. Humans are a component of these ecosystems. Indeed, in many regions they are the dominant organism. Whether dominant or not, however, humans depend on ecosystem properties and on the network of i ...
... biological environment constitute an interacting and ever-changing system that is known as an ecosystem. Humans are a component of these ecosystems. Indeed, in many regions they are the dominant organism. Whether dominant or not, however, humans depend on ecosystem properties and on the network of i ...
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF WETLANDS
... Water is the most abundant substance on our Earth and yet the most critical one that sustains all living organisms — from microscopic bacteria to large mammals – and also influences all nonliving components of the earth’s environment. Driven by solar energy, water remains in continuous circulation, ...
... Water is the most abundant substance on our Earth and yet the most critical one that sustains all living organisms — from microscopic bacteria to large mammals – and also influences all nonliving components of the earth’s environment. Driven by solar energy, water remains in continuous circulation, ...
the Striped Legless Lizard brochure
... base of tussocks and sometimes inside fallen logs. Their preferred habitat is grassland and grassy woodland. All recent records of this animal in north-east Victoria come from the Upper Goulburn River catchment, where they have been found in a variety of locations (gullies, slopes and ridges) and ar ...
... base of tussocks and sometimes inside fallen logs. Their preferred habitat is grassland and grassy woodland. All recent records of this animal in north-east Victoria come from the Upper Goulburn River catchment, where they have been found in a variety of locations (gullies, slopes and ridges) and ar ...
Ungulate Management in National Parks of the United States and
... appreciation, and enjoyment of this natural heritage and leave it unimpaired for future generations.” By 1970, twenty national parks had been established in Canada without any formal plan. They represented a collection of special places created by heroic efforts, accidents of geography, or political ...
... appreciation, and enjoyment of this natural heritage and leave it unimpaired for future generations.” By 1970, twenty national parks had been established in Canada without any formal plan. They represented a collection of special places created by heroic efforts, accidents of geography, or political ...
Introduction - Princeton University Press
... dinoflagellates, chlorarachniophytes, euglenids, brown algae, and the members of the Plantae that are not characterized as land plants). That being said, the ecological importance of variation in their chemical traits is much better known for some groups (e.g., land plants, cyanobacteria) than for o ...
... dinoflagellates, chlorarachniophytes, euglenids, brown algae, and the members of the Plantae that are not characterized as land plants). That being said, the ecological importance of variation in their chemical traits is much better known for some groups (e.g., land plants, cyanobacteria) than for o ...
Modeling the Links between Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and
... decline over the 21st century, under different socioeconomic scenarios with trajectories of key indirect drivers of ecological changes, such as human population growth and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) (Pereira et al., 2010; Leadley, et al. 2010). This in turn will impose threats to the benefits of ...
... decline over the 21st century, under different socioeconomic scenarios with trajectories of key indirect drivers of ecological changes, such as human population growth and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) (Pereira et al., 2010; Leadley, et al. 2010). This in turn will impose threats to the benefits of ...
Induced resistance is defined by a plant response
... facultative defense strategies is not well understood. Although it has been widely accepted that induction may be a means of reducing resource allocations to defense when not needed, this explanation is not exclusive of a wide array of hypotheses for the advantages of induced defenses. In an attempt ...
... facultative defense strategies is not well understood. Although it has been widely accepted that induction may be a means of reducing resource allocations to defense when not needed, this explanation is not exclusive of a wide array of hypotheses for the advantages of induced defenses. In an attempt ...
Krebs 2010 book chapter
... systems under study. The great progress that ecology has made in the last century rests firmly on ...
... systems under study. The great progress that ecology has made in the last century rests firmly on ...
Effects of reindeer browsing on tundra willow and its
... up from under the snow. In summer, they feed on a wide variety of forage plants, mainly the leaves of willow and birch, herbs and grasses (Kelsall 1968; Haukioja & Heino 1974; Nieminen & Heiskari 1989). The number of reindeer managed by the Käsivarsi reindeer herders’ co-operative, to which our stud ...
... up from under the snow. In summer, they feed on a wide variety of forage plants, mainly the leaves of willow and birch, herbs and grasses (Kelsall 1968; Haukioja & Heino 1974; Nieminen & Heiskari 1989). The number of reindeer managed by the Käsivarsi reindeer herders’ co-operative, to which our stud ...
Ecosystem consequences of diversity depend on food chain length
... baltica. These grazers, hereafter referred to by genus or family name, are among the most abundant epifaunal species in local eelgrass beds (Parker et al. 2001). Finally, we also included a control containing neither grazers nor predators (n ¼ 5) as a baseline against which to evaluate effects of co ...
... baltica. These grazers, hereafter referred to by genus or family name, are among the most abundant epifaunal species in local eelgrass beds (Parker et al. 2001). Finally, we also included a control containing neither grazers nor predators (n ¼ 5) as a baseline against which to evaluate effects of co ...
Biomes
... Plants of the Taiga • A conifer is a tree that has seeds that develop in cones. – Their leaves’ arrow shape and waxy coating helps them to retain water in the winter. – shed snow to the ground and not get weighed down. – Conifer needles contains substances that make the soil acidic when they fall to ...
... Plants of the Taiga • A conifer is a tree that has seeds that develop in cones. – Their leaves’ arrow shape and waxy coating helps them to retain water in the winter. – shed snow to the ground and not get weighed down. – Conifer needles contains substances that make the soil acidic when they fall to ...
- Wiley Online Library
... A primary concern is the growing mismatch in temporal scales between anthropogenic alterations of the environment and ecological mechanisms of adaptation. The high rate of global change makes it increasingly difficult for the biotic world to adapt (Burrows et al. 2011), especially in forest ecosyste ...
... A primary concern is the growing mismatch in temporal scales between anthropogenic alterations of the environment and ecological mechanisms of adaptation. The high rate of global change makes it increasingly difficult for the biotic world to adapt (Burrows et al. 2011), especially in forest ecosyste ...
The Population Dynamics of Red and Western Grey Kangaroos in
... in 1978 took less than 4 % of the population and in previous years less than 1% (Bayliss 1980). Dispersal Similar average rates of increase between locations argues also against large-scale dispersal modifying densities differentially outside the Park. The larger fluctuations in density of both spec ...
... in 1978 took less than 4 % of the population and in previous years less than 1% (Bayliss 1980). Dispersal Similar average rates of increase between locations argues also against large-scale dispersal modifying densities differentially outside the Park. The larger fluctuations in density of both spec ...
Mesopredator Release and Prey Abundance: Reply to Litvaitis
... and raccoons because wolves were extirpated nearly two centuries ago. However, decline or extinction of other potential intraguild predators of foxes and raccoons should also have been considered before speculating on the subject. For example, foxes and raccoons could be killed by coyotes (RaIls & ...
... and raccoons because wolves were extirpated nearly two centuries ago. However, decline or extinction of other potential intraguild predators of foxes and raccoons should also have been considered before speculating on the subject. For example, foxes and raccoons could be killed by coyotes (RaIls & ...
What is hidden behind the concept of ecosystem efficiency in energy
... flow from primary producers to herbivores is less efficient on land, where most plant biomass is dead material that does not recycle in the short-medium term. Furthermore, water availability is often limiting on land and adaptations to temperature variability and gravity are energetically costly. Al ...
... flow from primary producers to herbivores is less efficient on land, where most plant biomass is dead material that does not recycle in the short-medium term. Furthermore, water availability is often limiting on land and adaptations to temperature variability and gravity are energetically costly. Al ...
Definitions, Categories and Criteria for Threatened and Priority
... remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat, or; communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or may not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from proce ...
... remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat, or; communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or may not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from proce ...
History and Status of Introduced Rhesus Macaques
... adaptable to an exceptionally wide range of habitat and climactic conditions, which has allowed them to establish populations at elevations from sea level to 4000m. They are both arboreal and terrestrial. They are primarily herbivorous but will supplement their diets with bird eggs, invertebrates, h ...
... adaptable to an exceptionally wide range of habitat and climactic conditions, which has allowed them to establish populations at elevations from sea level to 4000m. They are both arboreal and terrestrial. They are primarily herbivorous but will supplement their diets with bird eggs, invertebrates, h ...
Petition to the World Heritage Committee
... UCAR, Tropospheric Ozone, the Polluter, http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_7_1.htm, accessed January 23, 2009. ...
... UCAR, Tropospheric Ozone, the Polluter, http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_7_1.htm, accessed January 23, 2009. ...
Pleistocene Park
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.