Ecological Dynamics on Yellowstone`s Northern Range
... and uses inside and outside of YNP, it is not surprising that controversy arose over National Park Service policy toward ungulates within the park. The National Research Council’s Committee on Ungulate Management in Yellowstone National Park, charged to review information of the population ecology a ...
... and uses inside and outside of YNP, it is not surprising that controversy arose over National Park Service policy toward ungulates within the park. The National Research Council’s Committee on Ungulate Management in Yellowstone National Park, charged to review information of the population ecology a ...
A buffer for Etosha - Environmental Information Service
... nature conservation and a buffer zone. In chapter 5 two best practice examples from the Kruger National Park in South Africa and the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania are given to demonstrate what the potential of a buffer zone in the study area can be. In chapter 6 the results will be discussed in re ...
... nature conservation and a buffer zone. In chapter 5 two best practice examples from the Kruger National Park in South Africa and the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania are given to demonstrate what the potential of a buffer zone in the study area can be. In chapter 6 the results will be discussed in re ...
Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first - UP FAMNIT e
... The 1995/1996 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Sal ...
... The 1995/1996 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Sal ...
The biology of native and invasive Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and the
... tremendously in European countries. While some populations have died out, other populations have flourished (Scandura, 2008). In 1975, the population densities began to level off but are now expanding at an extreme rate (SaezRoyuela and Telleria, 1986). Post-glacial expansion explains much of the in ...
... tremendously in European countries. While some populations have died out, other populations have flourished (Scandura, 2008). In 1975, the population densities began to level off but are now expanding at an extreme rate (SaezRoyuela and Telleria, 1986). Post-glacial expansion explains much of the in ...
Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during
... The thermal state of permafrost during the IPY period is summarized in Figure 2. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at the depth of zero annual amplitude, or at the nearest measurement point to it, is shown for all boreholes for which data are available (see IPA, 2010). This map and the accom ...
... The thermal state of permafrost during the IPY period is summarized in Figure 2. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at the depth of zero annual amplitude, or at the nearest measurement point to it, is shown for all boreholes for which data are available (see IPA, 2010). This map and the accom ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Agroecosystems
... and Biodiversity and The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment provides a globally recognized classification that emphasizes relationships between ecosystem services and human wellbeing and describes four types of services (The authors draw on ...
... and Biodiversity and The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment provides a globally recognized classification that emphasizes relationships between ecosystem services and human wellbeing and describes four types of services (The authors draw on ...
Direct and Indirect Ecosystem Effects of Evolutionary
... sured relatively easily, experimentally documenting indirect effects in complex webs of species interactions is more challenging. Theoretical and empirical studies indicate that predicting the sign and magnitude of indirect effects in an ecosystem from knowledge of direct effects alone is nontrivial ...
... sured relatively easily, experimentally documenting indirect effects in complex webs of species interactions is more challenging. Theoretical and empirical studies indicate that predicting the sign and magnitude of indirect effects in an ecosystem from knowledge of direct effects alone is nontrivial ...
Chapter 18 - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... has three main parts.The first part contains the conclusions of the assessment discussed chapter by chapter. Observed climate and ultraviolet (UV) radiation trends (Chapters 2 and 5) are summarized, using both scientific and indigenous (Chapter 3) observations, and information from the latest assess ...
... has three main parts.The first part contains the conclusions of the assessment discussed chapter by chapter. Observed climate and ultraviolet (UV) radiation trends (Chapters 2 and 5) are summarized, using both scientific and indigenous (Chapter 3) observations, and information from the latest assess ...
Arid Recovery Annual Report 2008
... 1. Document and differentiate between the restoration of ecological processes after the removal of feral animals and the re-introduction of locally extinct species 2. Research the ecology of threatened and significant species and formulate monitoring and re-introduction protocols 3. Explore options ...
... 1. Document and differentiate between the restoration of ecological processes after the removal of feral animals and the re-introduction of locally extinct species 2. Research the ecology of threatened and significant species and formulate monitoring and re-introduction protocols 3. Explore options ...
The Construction of a Resource-saving Society in Hubei Based on
... The above calculation shows that 2000---2007 per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province raised. It rose to 1.877 hm2 from 2.191 hm2. Its growth rate was 17%.In 2007 Hubei ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity ratio was 7.06 and ecological deficit was up to 1.779 hm2.. On the u ...
... The above calculation shows that 2000---2007 per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province raised. It rose to 1.877 hm2 from 2.191 hm2. Its growth rate was 17%.In 2007 Hubei ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity ratio was 7.06 and ecological deficit was up to 1.779 hm2.. On the u ...
stability of terrestrial ecosystems as to pest organisms
... they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2.1.2.3.1. "Supertolerance to herbivores" with 2.1.1.2.1.1.1. "Antibiosis to herbivores, Structural, Pe ...
... they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2.1.2.3.1. "Supertolerance to herbivores" with 2.1.1.2.1.1.1. "Antibiosis to herbivores, Structural, Pe ...
Report
... There may be a GHG concentration threshold point beyond which the climate’s equilibrium will be lost (IPCC, 2007). Climate change effects, such as GHGs released from melting permafrost and decreased ice reflectivity in the polar regions, may further destabilize the climate beyond recovery. Such cons ...
... There may be a GHG concentration threshold point beyond which the climate’s equilibrium will be lost (IPCC, 2007). Climate change effects, such as GHGs released from melting permafrost and decreased ice reflectivity in the polar regions, may further destabilize the climate beyond recovery. Such cons ...
Stoichiometry and population dynamics
... (plant biomass has higher nutrient content). The initial stoichiometric conditions are important, since such effects will only be seen if herbivores are initially constrained by low nutrient content in the autotrophs. To the extent that there are ontogenetic shifts in metabolic and stoichiometric re ...
... (plant biomass has higher nutrient content). The initial stoichiometric conditions are important, since such effects will only be seen if herbivores are initially constrained by low nutrient content in the autotrophs. To the extent that there are ontogenetic shifts in metabolic and stoichiometric re ...
Prairie Ecosystem Management - Alberta Prairie Conservation Forum
... prairie fire, occurred over hundreds of square kilometres; sometimes it was very small. If the area burned by fires was always the same size, range of variation would be plotted at the zero point of the axis. Occasionally, disturbances were of very high intensity, such as a major flood, although mor ...
... prairie fire, occurred over hundreds of square kilometres; sometimes it was very small. If the area burned by fires was always the same size, range of variation would be plotted at the zero point of the axis. Occasionally, disturbances were of very high intensity, such as a major flood, although mor ...
Wolves, elk, bison, and secondary trophic cascades in Yellowstone
... allowed bison numbers to increase through a reduction in inter-specific competition with elk, may represent an example of an alternative top-down pathway by which predators can influence multiple trophic levels through mediating the competitive interaction between two prey species. Both wolves and b ...
... allowed bison numbers to increase through a reduction in inter-specific competition with elk, may represent an example of an alternative top-down pathway by which predators can influence multiple trophic levels through mediating the competitive interaction between two prey species. Both wolves and b ...
Resilience of Microbial Systems Towards Disturbances - UvA-DARE
... the recognition that species function rather than number was more relevant, and based on this assumption other theories like the redundancy and insurance hypothesis were developed. The observation that different responses can occur within similar environments was the trigger for additional theories ...
... the recognition that species function rather than number was more relevant, and based on this assumption other theories like the redundancy and insurance hypothesis were developed. The observation that different responses can occur within similar environments was the trigger for additional theories ...
Diet composition of wolves (Canis lupus) on the Scandinavian
... roe deer (SAND et al. in press). The population densities of the two cervid species have been estimated by pellet group counts in most of the wolf territories and resulted in an average of 0,6 - 2,5 moose/km2 and 0,1 - 3,5 roe deer/km2 (SAND 2005). Moose is available on the entire Scandinavian Penin ...
... roe deer (SAND et al. in press). The population densities of the two cervid species have been estimated by pellet group counts in most of the wolf territories and resulted in an average of 0,6 - 2,5 moose/km2 and 0,1 - 3,5 roe deer/km2 (SAND 2005). Moose is available on the entire Scandinavian Penin ...
Temperate grasslands and global atmospheric change
... In a mesocosm experiment with L. perenne monocultures, continuous CO2 exchange measurements indicated an increased C storage below-ground (Casella and Soussana, 1997). The same trend was obtained in the Swiss FACE experiment, but the corresponding difference was not statistically significant (Aeschl ...
... In a mesocosm experiment with L. perenne monocultures, continuous CO2 exchange measurements indicated an increased C storage below-ground (Casella and Soussana, 1997). The same trend was obtained in the Swiss FACE experiment, but the corresponding difference was not statistically significant (Aeschl ...
Test 2 Ch 3 and 4.2 - Kenton County Schools
... b. consumer. d. autotroph. ____ 13. What animals eat both producers and consumers? a. herbivores c. chemotrophs b. omnivores d. autotrophs ____ 14. A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a a. first-level producer. c. second-level producer. b. first-level consumer. d ...
... b. consumer. d. autotroph. ____ 13. What animals eat both producers and consumers? a. herbivores c. chemotrophs b. omnivores d. autotrophs ____ 14. A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a a. first-level producer. c. second-level producer. b. first-level consumer. d ...
Document
... of terrestrial Arctic biodiversity in many tundra ecosystems. Functional traits of plants in interactions with below-ground microbial communities and herbivores maintain essential roles in the regulation of the global climate system through controls on fluxes of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and heat flux ...
... of terrestrial Arctic biodiversity in many tundra ecosystems. Functional traits of plants in interactions with below-ground microbial communities and herbivores maintain essential roles in the regulation of the global climate system through controls on fluxes of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and heat flux ...
A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment
... microclimate via increased nocturnal air temperatures during wintertime. The occurrence of this local warming effect – in addition to regional and global climate warming – can explain the existence of landscape-scale heterogeneities. The argument that increasing atmospheric CO2 may explain shrub enc ...
... microclimate via increased nocturnal air temperatures during wintertime. The occurrence of this local warming effect – in addition to regional and global climate warming – can explain the existence of landscape-scale heterogeneities. The argument that increasing atmospheric CO2 may explain shrub enc ...
cottonwoods, elk, and wolves in the lamar valley of yellowstone
... peak flows, with comparisons focusing primarily on flows having a $5-yr recurrence interval. These stations include (1) the Lamar River near Tower Falls Ranger Station, Wyoming (no. 061880, elevation, 1830 m; drainage area, 1710 km2), and (2) the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River near Belfry, Mon ...
... peak flows, with comparisons focusing primarily on flows having a $5-yr recurrence interval. These stations include (1) the Lamar River near Tower Falls Ranger Station, Wyoming (no. 061880, elevation, 1830 m; drainage area, 1710 km2), and (2) the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River near Belfry, Mon ...
America`s Grasslands - National Wildlife Federation
... Presenter: Lawrence Igl, USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center The Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program: Celebrating a Legacy of Partnership in Dakota Grassland Preservation and Management Presenter: Chris Flann, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Chase Lake Prairie Project ...
... Presenter: Lawrence Igl, USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center The Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program: Celebrating a Legacy of Partnership in Dakota Grassland Preservation and Management Presenter: Chris Flann, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Chase Lake Prairie Project ...
Policy Implications of Warming Permafrost
... natural resources in timber, minerals, oil and natural gas. Permafrost also contains almost twice as much carbon in the form of frozen organic matter as is in today’s atmosphere, frozen and inert for thousands of years. The remoteness, coldness and sheer scale of permafrost give the impression of st ...
... natural resources in timber, minerals, oil and natural gas. Permafrost also contains almost twice as much carbon in the form of frozen organic matter as is in today’s atmosphere, frozen and inert for thousands of years. The remoteness, coldness and sheer scale of permafrost give the impression of st ...
Corner Inlet Marine National Park
... National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries. The park protects areas of national environmental significance and internationally significant shorebird habitat, forming part of the Corner Inlet Ramsar site listed under the Ramsar Convention. Marine flora and fauna within Corner Inlet Marine National Park is ...
... National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries. The park protects areas of national environmental significance and internationally significant shorebird habitat, forming part of the Corner Inlet Ramsar site listed under the Ramsar Convention. Marine flora and fauna within Corner Inlet Marine National Park is ...
Pleistocene Park
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.