Bison as Keystone Herbivores on the Great Plains
... grazing (e.g., an arid system will respond differently than a mesic system). Central to both the grazing animals and the environment is the managerial objectives and actions at the social and ecological interface. When discussing grazing effects or grazing behavior, a traditional reductionist approa ...
... grazing (e.g., an arid system will respond differently than a mesic system). Central to both the grazing animals and the environment is the managerial objectives and actions at the social and ecological interface. When discussing grazing effects or grazing behavior, a traditional reductionist approa ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food w ...
... through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food w ...
Predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food w ...
... through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food w ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food w ...
... through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food w ...
The Kenyan hippo Kanga, Erustus Mutembei
... 1974; Eltringham 1999; Arsenault and Owen-Smith 2002). In addition, the short, hippo-grazed grasses along the riparian habitats create biological barriers to fire, further influencing biodiversity of riparian communities. Hippos pond and create water pools that are important refugia for aquatic orga ...
... 1974; Eltringham 1999; Arsenault and Owen-Smith 2002). In addition, the short, hippo-grazed grasses along the riparian habitats create biological barriers to fire, further influencing biodiversity of riparian communities. Hippos pond and create water pools that are important refugia for aquatic orga ...
Mesoherbivory: the ascoglossan sea slug Placida dendritica may
... ignored. From 1985 to 1990, I investigated the association of the oligophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglosSan) sea slug Placida dendn'tica (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) with one of its algal food species, the crustose green alga Codium setchellii, along the central coast of Oregon, USA. The alga has a re ...
... ignored. From 1985 to 1990, I investigated the association of the oligophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglosSan) sea slug Placida dendn'tica (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) with one of its algal food species, the crustose green alga Codium setchellii, along the central coast of Oregon, USA. The alga has a re ...
Ecosystem services and biodiversity in Europe
... social and economic development of human societies on Earth. Though many are hidden, their workings are now a matter of clear scientific record. Their continued good health cannot be taken for granted, and the process of monitoring them and of ensuring that human activity does not place them at risk ...
... social and economic development of human societies on Earth. Though many are hidden, their workings are now a matter of clear scientific record. Their continued good health cannot be taken for granted, and the process of monitoring them and of ensuring that human activity does not place them at risk ...
Weed Management Strategy 2007 - 2012 1
... communities to which they do not belong. Weeds can be classified by a number of growth and reproductive characteristics such as annuals, biennials or perennials. Identification of the life cycle of each weed is crucial to stop further seeding and for setting priorities for weed management, timing, a ...
... communities to which they do not belong. Weeds can be classified by a number of growth and reproductive characteristics such as annuals, biennials or perennials. Identification of the life cycle of each weed is crucial to stop further seeding and for setting priorities for weed management, timing, a ...
Biodiversity, Functioning - School of Natural Resources and
... relationships. However, these patterns may differ between green (living plant-based) and brown (detrital-based) food webs. A recent meta-analysis of top-down and bottom-up effects in detrital food webs (Srivastava et al., 2009) showed that detrital processing (top-down effects) was increased by high ...
... relationships. However, these patterns may differ between green (living plant-based) and brown (detrital-based) food webs. A recent meta-analysis of top-down and bottom-up effects in detrital food webs (Srivastava et al., 2009) showed that detrital processing (top-down effects) was increased by high ...
New Zealand as ecosystems - Department of Conservation
... and restoration of natural processes—the margin of insufficiency will only increase in the near future. Driving this concern is a sea change in ecological theory and science, revitalising the ancient view that holds the life of the world as a myriad of interacting systems, alive and effortlessly sel ...
... and restoration of natural processes—the margin of insufficiency will only increase in the near future. Driving this concern is a sea change in ecological theory and science, revitalising the ancient view that holds the life of the world as a myriad of interacting systems, alive and effortlessly sel ...
The Keystone Role of Bison in North American Tallgrass Prairie
... Figure 4. Conceptual model of the spatial and temporal dynamics of bison grazing activities and the responses of tallgrass prairie to the reintroduction of bison. Before the reintroduction of bison, watershed attributes at Konza Prairie differed strongly depending on the fire regime imposed, with f ...
... Figure 4. Conceptual model of the spatial and temporal dynamics of bison grazing activities and the responses of tallgrass prairie to the reintroduction of bison. Before the reintroduction of bison, watershed attributes at Konza Prairie differed strongly depending on the fire regime imposed, with f ...
Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors and Changes in Biodiversity on Lower Chesapeake Bay, VA USA Seagrass Systems
... properties on different spatial scales. This may be an important consideration for management, because efforts that incorporate spatial scales of ecosystem processes will likely have more impact. Overall, these results suggest that stressor impacts in seagrass ecosystems generally do not interact bu ...
... properties on different spatial scales. This may be an important consideration for management, because efforts that incorporate spatial scales of ecosystem processes will likely have more impact. Overall, these results suggest that stressor impacts in seagrass ecosystems generally do not interact bu ...
Final report
... cryogenicweathering,(e)changesinthevolumeandextentofunstablematerials,(f)changesin frequency and magnitude of mass movement events, and (g) surface instabilities caused by thermokarstprocesses/meltingofpermafrostice.Someofthesegeomorphicreactionsarealso truef ...
... cryogenicweathering,(e)changesinthevolumeandextentofunstablematerials,(f)changesin frequency and magnitude of mass movement events, and (g) surface instabilities caused by thermokarstprocesses/meltingofpermafrostice.Someofthesegeomorphicreactionsarealso truef ...
To Build an Ecosystem
... In theory, it ought to be possible to build a semiclosed ecosystem that could support human life. Such a system would require sufficient sunlight to power photosynthesis, the proper mix of chemical building blocks, and the appropriate combination of microbes, plants, and animals (including humans). ...
... In theory, it ought to be possible to build a semiclosed ecosystem that could support human life. Such a system would require sufficient sunlight to power photosynthesis, the proper mix of chemical building blocks, and the appropriate combination of microbes, plants, and animals (including humans). ...
“Fishing on Alentejo rocky shores ‐ intensity, yield and protection
... implemented since 2006 and, more recently, a new management plan was adopted, adding more restrictive regulations. This study aims to analyse spatial and temporal variation of intensity and yield of fishing activities on Alentejo rocky shores and evaluate effects ...
... implemented since 2006 and, more recently, a new management plan was adopted, adding more restrictive regulations. This study aims to analyse spatial and temporal variation of intensity and yield of fishing activities on Alentejo rocky shores and evaluate effects ...
Biblio RTF Export
... 107 (1-3): 339-360. doi:10.1007/s10533-010-9556-9. Crump, BC, H Ducklow, and JE Hobbie. 2012. ?Chapter 10: Estuarine Microbial Food Webs?. In , 2ndnd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Huryn, AD, and JE Hobbie. 2012. Land Of Extremes: A Natural History Of The Arctic North Slope Of Alaska. Fairbanks, AK: Univers ...
... 107 (1-3): 339-360. doi:10.1007/s10533-010-9556-9. Crump, BC, H Ducklow, and JE Hobbie. 2012. ?Chapter 10: Estuarine Microbial Food Webs?. In , 2ndnd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Huryn, AD, and JE Hobbie. 2012. Land Of Extremes: A Natural History Of The Arctic North Slope Of Alaska. Fairbanks, AK: Univers ...
Biomass Flow and Scavengers Use of Carcasses after Re
... Background: Reestablishment of apex predators influences the availability and distribution of biomass for scavengers and can therefore be an important agent for structuring species communities. We studied how the re-colonization of the Scandinavian Peninsula by wolves (Canis lupus) affected the amou ...
... Background: Reestablishment of apex predators influences the availability and distribution of biomass for scavengers and can therefore be an important agent for structuring species communities. We studied how the re-colonization of the Scandinavian Peninsula by wolves (Canis lupus) affected the amou ...
ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE—IN THEORY AND APPLICATION
... exist in ecosystems, and if so what mediates transition among them. There is a growing body of literature that documents transitions among stability domains in a variety of ecosystems (4, 21, 35, 38, 59, 60). Many of those systems are influenced by human activities, which has led to a confounding pr ...
... exist in ecosystems, and if so what mediates transition among them. There is a growing body of literature that documents transitions among stability domains in a variety of ecosystems (4, 21, 35, 38, 59, 60). Many of those systems are influenced by human activities, which has led to a confounding pr ...
Grasslands - Toronto Zoo
... lower member of the series as a food source land covered with herbs rather than shrubs and trees also the name of a national park in Canada variation in an environment as shown by numbers of different species of plants and animals to return animals to the wild ...
... lower member of the series as a food source land covered with herbs rather than shrubs and trees also the name of a national park in Canada variation in an environment as shown by numbers of different species of plants and animals to return animals to the wild ...
Grey wolf selection for moose calves and factors influencing prey
... due to the relative decrease in search time and greater ease of handling (Latham et al., 2011). Within a given prey species some individuals may also be more susceptible to predation than others. Wolves tend to kill injured, sick, weak, or otherwise debilitated individuals, as well as individuals fr ...
... due to the relative decrease in search time and greater ease of handling (Latham et al., 2011). Within a given prey species some individuals may also be more susceptible to predation than others. Wolves tend to kill injured, sick, weak, or otherwise debilitated individuals, as well as individuals fr ...
Top predators, mesopredators and their prey: interference
... data were retrieved from the EU Corine data base and the proportions of broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, coniferous forests, agricultural land, wetlands and shrubs were calculated for each square. Agricultural land was included because it is the most productive land covers that tend to be conver ...
... data were retrieved from the EU Corine data base and the proportions of broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, coniferous forests, agricultural land, wetlands and shrubs were calculated for each square. Agricultural land was included because it is the most productive land covers that tend to be conver ...
Plio-Pleistocene large carnivores from the Italian peninsula
... effect of environmental factors (e.g. climate) on carnivore diversity (both morphological and numerical) still to be enigmatic (cfr. Werdelin 1996, Wesley-Hunt 2005). This issue is a special question to clarify not only theoretically but also on the light of the recent practical conservation biology ...
... effect of environmental factors (e.g. climate) on carnivore diversity (both morphological and numerical) still to be enigmatic (cfr. Werdelin 1996, Wesley-Hunt 2005). This issue is a special question to clarify not only theoretically but also on the light of the recent practical conservation biology ...
A review of the state of ecological knowledge
... Abstract: Previous work has highlighted the critical role of macroalgal productivity and dynamics in supporting and structuring marine food webs. Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgae can alter coastal ecosystems, a relationship particularly visible along upwelling-influenced coastlines. As a re ...
... Abstract: Previous work has highlighted the critical role of macroalgal productivity and dynamics in supporting and structuring marine food webs. Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgae can alter coastal ecosystems, a relationship particularly visible along upwelling-influenced coastlines. As a re ...
Galápagos macroalgae: A review of the state of ecological knowledge
... Abstract: Previous work has highlighted the critical role of macroalgal productivity and dynamics in supporting and structuring marine food webs. Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgae can alter coastal ecosystems, a relationship particularly visible along upwelling-influenced coastlines. As a re ...
... Abstract: Previous work has highlighted the critical role of macroalgal productivity and dynamics in supporting and structuring marine food webs. Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgae can alter coastal ecosystems, a relationship particularly visible along upwelling-influenced coastlines. As a re ...
Trophic Interactions during Primary Succession
... alone is unlikely to explain the decreased lupine spread rates. However, weak dispersal ability coupled with decreased production of seeds could contribute to slower spread rates. The above mechanisms appear inadequate as explanations of the pronounced decrease in lupine population growth rates unde ...
... alone is unlikely to explain the decreased lupine spread rates. However, weak dispersal ability coupled with decreased production of seeds could contribute to slower spread rates. The above mechanisms appear inadequate as explanations of the pronounced decrease in lupine population growth rates unde ...
Pleistocene Park
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.