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Unit 1 Notes #8 Other Mechanisms of Evolution - Mr. Lesiuk
Unit 1 Notes #8 Other Mechanisms of Evolution - Mr. Lesiuk

... population, the two groups may now be too different for interbreeding. - If so, two new species have evolved from one. For Example: Imagine that you have a population of rabbits that you sampled near Enterprise Way. As a researcher you extracted DNA from 25 rabbits you trapped. In an effort to study ...
Management of TB Treatment Complications and Adverse Effects
Management of TB Treatment Complications and Adverse Effects

Non-allelic Genes Interactions
Non-allelic Genes Interactions

... plant with white kernels (genotype = aabb) and the resulting F1 plants are selfed, a modification of the dihybrid 9:3:3:1 ratio will be produced. The following table provides a biochemical explanation for the 15:1 ratio. ...
Meiosis and Fertilization
Meiosis and Fertilization

... genotype and phenotype in the proper parent table. HINT: For the sake of the lab, assume that each dominant trait is heterozygous. 2. For each chromosome, write your name, phenotype and gene (one letter) on each side. See example. Parent’s Name: ...
Parental Guide - Teen Drug Use
Parental Guide - Teen Drug Use

... Prescription drugs are the most commonly abused drugs only second to marijuana. They are easily obtained. Teens can easily get them from friends. Many can find them in a medicine cabinet at their own house Prescription drugs provide teens with a sense of security. They believe that because they are ...
Chapter 10: Principles of Pharmacology
Chapter 10: Principles of Pharmacology

... • As a medication is administered, it begins to alter a function or process in the body. This action is known as pharmacodynamics. • Medications are developed to reach and to bind with particular receptor sites of target cells. • Newer medications are designed to target only very specific receptor s ...
Dr. Jasti`s PowerPoint slides
Dr. Jasti`s PowerPoint slides

... Overview ...
The Perfect Blend
The Perfect Blend

... Activity Team/Group Size: individual or small groups ...
Opioid Anelgesics
Opioid Anelgesics

1. PACKAGE INSERT OXYIR® CII (oxycodone hydrochloride
1. PACKAGE INSERT OXYIR® CII (oxycodone hydrochloride

... Oxycodone products are common targets for both drug abusers and drug addicts. Drug addiction (drug dependence, psychological dependence) is characterized by a preoccupation with the procurement, hoarding, and abuse of drugs for non-medicinal purposes. Drug dependence is treatable, utilizing a multi- ...
ACUTE GENERALIZED EXANTHEMATOUS PUSTULOSIS AS A
ACUTE GENERALIZED EXANTHEMATOUS PUSTULOSIS AS A

... culprit drug of AGEP. Patch testing with the offending drug has been to shown to be more frequently positive in ...
Linkage, Recombination, and Crossing Over
Linkage, Recombination, and Crossing Over

... indistinguishable from non‐recombinant cells, there are not  useful for mapping, but are nonetheless derived from a  crossover event. ...
Benzodiazepine Pharmacology and Central Nervous System
Benzodiazepine Pharmacology and Central Nervous System

... pharmacology and physiology, the mechanisms of action of many BZDs are now largely understood, and BZDs of varying potency and duration of action have been developed and marketed. Although BZDs have many therapeutic roles and BZD-mediated effects are typically well tolerated in the general populatio ...
Hyperlipotrotinemia
Hyperlipotrotinemia

...  On lipoprotein oxidation – reduce oxidation of LDL and uptake by macrophages  On blood coagulation – reduce platelet aggregation and alter fibrinogen levels ...
New antimicrobial drugs
New antimicrobial drugs

... have slipped out of favour. Some experts think they merit a revival. The time is ripe to revisit existing libraries of prodrug candidates, and to look for new ones. Some microbes are not easily cultured in the laboratory. A renewed exploration of this most fundamental of microbiological tasks might ...
Antiepileptic drugs
Antiepileptic drugs

... • Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures: carbamazepine preferred because of low incidence of side-effects, phenytoin, valproate. Use of single drug is preferred when possible, because of risk of pharmacokinetic interactions. ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... in patients with CKD [11]. While there may be no difference in the effect on blood pressure lowering between non-dihydropyridine CCBs (ND-CCBs) e.g., diltiazem, verapamil) and dihydropyridine CCBs (e.g., amlodipine, nifedipine), ND-CCBs have been shown to significantly reduce proteinuria either when ...
Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates
Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates

... HbA1c reduction of 0.11%, which was not statistically significant. Even though individual studies may suggest greater benefit of adjunctive metformin therapy to insulin in type 1 diabetes to achieve glycemic control, data is conflicting and meta-analyses suggest stronger evidence is required from la ...
Preparing Medications for Administration by Injection
Preparing Medications for Administration by Injection

... • The ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis, or dorsogluteal site can be used for this procedure. • The skin is pulled down or to one side about (2.5 cm) and held in this position with the left hand (for a right-handed person). • The needle is inserted and the nurse aspirates carefully to detect the prese ...
Medications to Treat Hypertension
Medications to Treat Hypertension

... The most recent guidelines for treating hypertension provide four basic strategies to manage and prevent complications. First, identify prehypertenion and begin lifestyle changes early. Prehypertension is defined as a blood pressure of 130–139 mm Hg systolic and 80–89 mm Hg diastolic. Persons with p ...
bismuth subsalicylate (biz-muth sub-sa-lis-i
bismuth subsalicylate (biz-muth sub-sa-lis-i

... current aspirin products to discontinue bismuth subsalicylate if tinnitus, ringing in the ears, occurs. ● Diarrhea: Instruct patient to notify health care professional if diarrhea persists for more than 2 days or if accompanied by a high fever. ● U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warn ...
Treating anxiety and depression effectively
Treating anxiety and depression effectively

... with binge episodes. Furthermore fluoxetine is the SSRI with the safest profile in pregnancy. As she is of child-bearing age, this could be an important consideration. You prescribe fluoxetine 20mg once daily for the first week. The dose can be increased up to 40mg daily thereafter (higher doses hel ...
patterns of inheritance
patterns of inheritance

... Discuss Thomas Hunt Morgan’s discovery of sex-linked traits and sex determination. Include a discussion of several examples of sex-linked traits in humans: ...
Evidence-Based Perspectives on Contemporary Approaches to
Evidence-Based Perspectives on Contemporary Approaches to

... A minimally depressed level of consciousness produced by a pharmacologic method that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond normally to tactile stimulation and verbal command. Although congnitive function may be modestly impaired, ventilatory a ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
Peer-reviewed Article PDF

... of many safe and effective alternatives to innovative medicines. However, this approach has been far only applied to products which can be fully characterized. For more complex molecules which are difficult to characterize such as proteins, the demonstration of bioequivalence requires an alternative ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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