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RisksofAnaesthesia2
RisksofAnaesthesia2

... Capnography to monitor the carbon dioxide in exhaled breath ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

...  One allele is the dominant form; the other is the recessive form Genetic symbols  Different genetic systems have adopted different symbols to identify alleles  One, two, or three letter combinations  Dominant allele is usually upper-case  + is often used to designate wild-type Further generati ...
CASE STUDY Enterprise EMAR, Hospital Pharmacy, Barcoding
CASE STUDY Enterprise EMAR, Hospital Pharmacy, Barcoding

... wristband. When patient identity is correctly verified, the nurse scans each of the patient’s medications, which are barcoded with identifying information and dosage. The system has many features to verify correct dosage, including a calculator that allows for multiple capsules (or other dosage form ...
Sample - Thesis and Code
Sample - Thesis and Code

... Allogenic transplants induce graft versus myeloma effect. It means donor graft is capable of seeking out and destroying myeloma cells in the patient. These transplants are also known as NON-ABLATIVE or MINITRANSPLANTS. Author conducted a study in the favor of fact that “graft versus myeloma” effect ...
The Power of One: a Highly Detailed, Log
The Power of One: a Highly Detailed, Log

... Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequently encountered tachyarrhythmia that can substantially impair quality of life through symptom production, adverse consequences (such as stroke, systemic embolization, heart failure, hospitalization, death), economic impact, and more.1, 2 In many patients AF is pr ...
Pancreatitis Genetic Testing
Pancreatitis Genetic Testing

... is found. Of these, genetics may play a major role. 3 Familial pancreatitis is defined as pancreatitis from any cause, which occurs in a family more frequently than would be expected by chance alone; its cause may be non-genetic or genetic.1 Hereditary pancreatitis is defined as either two or more i ...
Anthelminthics
Anthelminthics

... o The selective binding to nematode tubulin may inhibit glucose absorption, leading to glycogen consumption and ATP depletion. o Mebendazole is given orally; it is poorly soluble, and very little is absorbed from the intestinal tract. About 5 to 10%, principally the decarboxylated derivatives, is re ...
Editorial Commentary
Editorial Commentary

... cannot answer this question completely, because these were single-dose studies, and RAS activity was not assessed. Heart rate responses apparently did not change with each drug individually or with their being given in combination; however, this may have been a function of the doses selected in that ...
P H A R M A G R A M
P H A R M A G R A M

... P&T Approved Drug Indications for Use is Criteria for Formulary Status per Joint Commission: Prescribing drugs for non-FDA approved indications will come under closer scrutiny based on a new Joint Commission standard. To address this, a revised Medication Management policy requires off-label drug pr ...
Viktor`s Notes * Drug-Induced Movement Disorders
Viktor`s Notes * Drug-Induced Movement Disorders

... NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME  PREVALENCE (among patients receiving neuroleptics) < 2%; most commonly young adults.  pathogenesis is not completely understood (believed to be blockade of D2 receptors).  associated with all groups of neuroleptics (esp. high-potency agents [HALOPERIDOL, FLUPHENAZI ...
Analgesic recommendations when treating musculoskeletal sprains
Analgesic recommendations when treating musculoskeletal sprains

... Topical NSAIDs There has been much debate about topical NSAIDs, mainly focusing on efficacy and side-effect profile. Topical NSAIDs have lower plasma concentrations when compared to orally administered NSAIDs although it is thought that the level in soft tissue will still exert an anti-inflammatory ...
Compounded Medications and Veterinary
Compounded Medications and Veterinary

... their day-to-day operations. Compounded medications refer to FDA-approved medications (generic or legend) that have been altered to meet the needs of a particular patient. FDA rules state that compounded medications must be formulated directly from approved generic or legend products, when such prod ...
drug of abuse
drug of abuse

... norepinephrine, thus controlling the s/s of sympathetic overactivity ...
Lec 8
Lec 8

... • Carboxylic acid for example is a highly polar group which can be ionized and hinder absorption of any drug containing it. • To overcome this problem we must mask it as an ester prodrug or to replace it with a bioisostere which has similar physiochemical properties and has advantage over carboxylic ...
Switching opioids using equivalence tables
Switching opioids using equivalence tables

... Switching opioids using equivalence tables When switching patients to a different opioid agent, equivalence tables are used to estimate an equipotent dose of the target opioid. However, variation among patients in bioavailability of oral opioids, unpredictable or incomplete tolerance between opioids ...
Preview Sample 2
Preview Sample 2

... Rationale: Schedule II drugs cannot be refilled without the client seeing the physician. Not taking pain medication until the pain becomes severe is an inappropriate use of pain medication for a patient with terminal cancer. The client must see the physician for a refill. A Schedule IV drug may not ...
Done By: Sanaa Otoom Advanced Technology Lecture#24
Done By: Sanaa Otoom Advanced Technology Lecture#24

... Today, we will see an application on GRDF and we will see how formulation variables can affect the bioavailability, gastric residence and enhancement of therapeutic outcomes.  Model Drug is Levodpa, it’s absorbed by Dipeptide transporter in proximal small intestine, and it’s hydrophilic. It has nar ...
Psychotropic Drugs and Ocular Side Effects
Psychotropic Drugs and Ocular Side Effects

Slide 1
Slide 1

... Pleiotropy: One gene ( one protein) controls many phenotypes 40% of cats with white fur and blue eyes are deaf. Marfan syndrome: one gene is responsible for thinness, joint hyper mobility, limb elongation, lens dislocation, and increased susceptibility to ...
Human Genetics
Human Genetics

Population Genetics (Chp. 13-15) Allele Frequencies- Chp. 13 pp. 263-276
Population Genetics (Chp. 13-15) Allele Frequencies- Chp. 13 pp. 263-276

10117sgp10
10117sgp10

Examples of Topic Proposals
Examples of Topic Proposals

... in the Rev4 mutant and those that control the operation of the endosomal and endosomeindependent routes to the vacuole. Initial testing of each of these genes will begin with commercially available single deletion mutants. Multidrug sensitivity of these mutants will be assessed through minimal inhib ...
The Use of Ontologies in Drug Discovery
The Use of Ontologies in Drug Discovery

... additional pharmacological action, as an antagonist at the 5-HT1A receptor. This has created a renewed interest in the use of pindolol as a tool, not by the cardiovascular community, but by scientists interested in psychiatric disease, in particular depression. Drug discovery scientists need systems ...
Drugs Classification
Drugs Classification

... much as any herbal medicinal tea.  The free and legal commercialization of dried coca leaves to be used as "coca tea" has been actively promoted by the governments of Peru and Bolivia for many years as a drink having medicinal powers.  Visitors to the city of Cuzco in Peru, and La Paz in Bolivia a ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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