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USC Journal club April 28, 2009
USC Journal club April 28, 2009

... • In clinical trials higher doses of BB have not been shown reduce HR further. In SHIFT also higher dose of BB did not cause greater  HR: 15.4 bpm in entire cohort vs  15.5 bpm those on > 50% target dose. Unlikely that use of higher BB doses in SHIFT would have caused a further HR or altered the ...
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR ABG 503 2 Units
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR ABG 503 2 Units

... The phenotypic expression of the heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygotes. E.g. In plants: Red flowers have two copies of the dominant allele R for red flower color (RR). White flowers have two copies of the recessive allele r for white flower color (rr). Pink flowers result in plant ...
local anesthetic agents
local anesthetic agents

... is irreversible The ability to inhibit or retard the multiplication or growth of bacteria; reversible Concentration of the antiinfective agent present in the blood or serum. • The importance of the serum level is that certain levels of an antibiotic are required to produce an effect on various types ...
Shared care available. Brand prescribing
Shared care available. Brand prescribing

... It is optional for GPs to participate in taking on responsibility for shared care for the patient. GPs will take on shared care only if they are willing and able. Summary  To reply to the request for shared care as soon as possible.  To prescribe and adjust the dose as recommended by the specialis ...
Ivabradine - Pharmaceutical Journal
Ivabradine - Pharmaceutical Journal

... Ivabradine is a novel and useful addition to the anti-ischaemic medicines available for the management of patients with angina pectoris, but its use should only be considered when patients’ symptoms are not controlled on optimised “gold standard” anti-ischaemic therapy. Ivabradine use should be rest ...
Why Genetic Programming?
Why Genetic Programming?

... • The subtree rooted at the crossover point of the first parent is deleted • It is replaced by the subtree from the second parent. • Crossover is the predominant operation in genetic programming (and genetic algorithm) research • It is performed with a high probability (say, 85% to 90%). ...
Process Pharmacology: A Pharmacological Data Science Approach
Process Pharmacology: A Pharmacological Data Science Approach

... applied. This calculation resulted in 794 GO terms, among all GO terms, which can be considered as specifically describing the biological processes in which the currently known 1,384 targets of the drugs are involved. This was captured in a “gene vs. biological process” matrix associating the 1,384 ...
MIDW 125 Math Review and Equation Sheet
MIDW 125 Math Review and Equation Sheet

... The pH of the environment in which the acid or base (drug) is located determines the relative amount of each  form that is present.    - In an acidic environment (high H+ concentration) the equilibrium will shift to favour greater amounts of  the protonated HA and BH+ forms.   - In a basic environme ...
Bulletin #119
Bulletin #119

... suspension, 50mg/mL (Telzir-GSK) It was noted that patients with nonFor coverage according to the current erosive GERD could potentially be criteria for fosamprenavir calcium. reduced to step-down therapy with an H2 antagonist depending on symptom • Insulin detemir, injection solution, resolution. 1 ...
Pain Management
Pain Management

... Start with a specific drug for a specific type of pain Know the equianalgesic dose of the drug and its route of administration Administer analgesics regularly after initial titration Gear the route of administration to the patient’s needs Use a combination of drugs Anticipate and treat side effects ...
Medication-Assisted Treatment
Medication-Assisted Treatment

... Medication-assisted treatment is treatment for addiction that includes the use of medication along with counseling and other support. Treatment that includes medication is often the best choice for opioid addiction. If a person is addicted, medication allows him or her to regain a normal state of mi ...
Pain Relief in Brief - American Pharmacists Association
Pain Relief in Brief - American Pharmacists Association

Statins and Macrolide Antibiotics: Defining the Risk
Statins and Macrolide Antibiotics: Defining the Risk

... acute kidney disease was also increased (0.26% vs 0.46%) when erythromycin and clarithromycin were administered with statins compared with azithromycin plus a statin. It is likely that the incidences of the outcomes are underestimated because disease codes were used to identify patients. ...
Nasal Drug Delivery in EMS
Nasal Drug Delivery in EMS

... Prehospital IN Naloxone  Take away lessons for nasal naloxone: Dose and volume – higher concentration preferred so use 1mg/ml IV solution. Delivery – immediately on decision to treat inject naloxone into nose with MAD, then begin standard care. Successful awakening eliminates the need for any IV o ...
Document
Document

... You have parents who would like to know what the chance of their children having type O blood. Their blood types are (IA i) and (IB i). Show your work. ...
Lecture Chpt. 24 Evolutn Show 4 Variatn
Lecture Chpt. 24 Evolutn Show 4 Variatn

... the most important effects of genetic drift: it reduces the amount of genetic variation in a population. And with less genetic variation, there is less for natural selection to work with. If the green gene drifts out of the population, and the population ends up in a situation where it would be adv ...
CHEMOTHERAPY OF AMOEBIASIS AND GIARDIASIS
CHEMOTHERAPY OF AMOEBIASIS AND GIARDIASIS

... disease, are resistant to the agents routinely used to purify water. Chlorine, in the concentration employed to purify water, fails to kill them. It is, therefore, necessary to avoid fecal contamination of water by sanitary disposal of feces. Fly control and detection and treatment of carriers is eq ...
Addiction Recognition Brief intervention motivational
Addiction Recognition Brief intervention motivational

... Case History (continued) He was arrested 6 months ago for writing bad checks which he reports he was writing to support “a group of ladies” he met after the death of his wife. Phone interview with the patient’s physician is revealing in that the patient had had chronic pain and was on Oxycontin 10 ...
Meiosis and Sex
Meiosis and Sex

... • What two sex chromosomes make up a male? Female? – Male = XY, ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... age,sex,the presence or absence of co-morbid diseases along with hypertension will also play a major role in prescribing a particular class of antihypertensive drug. If the standard guidelines and the patient factors are not taken into consideration while prescribing the drugs then the final BP cont ...
Combining antidepressants
Combining antidepressants

... A recent review (2) suggested that improvement following antidepressant combination occurs within approximately 4-6 weeks, so it is worthwhile waiting this period of time to assess patient response. Most studies focused on the short-term outcome and little is known as to the recommended duration for ...
Application to England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
Application to England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

... Drugs Act was amended with effect from August 2003 to decriminalise the supply of WFI and other paraphernalia by practitioners, pharmacists and people engaged in the lawful provision of drug treatment services. However, under medicines legislation WFI could still only be supplied against a prescript ...
Ref: SAMHSA - Temple University Sites
Ref: SAMHSA - Temple University Sites

... buprenorphine products. The medication is administered when a person with an opioid dependency has abstained from using opioids for 12 to 24 hours and is in the early stages of opioid withdrawal. It is important to note that buprenorphine can bring on acute withdrawal for patents who are not in the ...
Methotrexate - Wolverhampton Formulary
Methotrexate - Wolverhampton Formulary

genes
genes

... The Law of Segregation: the alleles for the same gene are separate and are inherited independantly of each other Example: T ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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