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4a-Pharmacodynamics,ADRs (Lec.1 & 2)
4a-Pharmacodynamics,ADRs (Lec.1 & 2)

... receptor and inversely related to KD; drug with a KD of 10-7 M has a higher affinity for receptor than drug with a KD of 10-6 M ...
Drug Metabolising Enzymes
Drug Metabolising Enzymes

... across all living creatures. • The name given to this group of proteins because their reduced form binds with carbon monoxide to form a complex, which has maximum absorbance at 450 nm. • Depending upon the extent of amino acid sequence homology, the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes superfamily contain ...
Antihypertensive Drugs
Antihypertensive Drugs

... sequelae rather than relieving current discomfort. ...
Pneumonia clinical protocol MMC.docx
Pneumonia clinical protocol MMC.docx

... Pneumonia INTRODUCTION • Compared with community dwelling older adults, RACF residents acquire pneumonia at a rate of 10 times higher, and are admitted to hospital 30 times more often. • Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among aged care home residents, • Pneumonia can be hospital acquired or c ...
Differentiating Depression, delirium and Dementia
Differentiating Depression, delirium and Dementia

... the coadministration of a second drug.  This coadministration may: – Increase or decrease a known effect – Create an adverse effect – Result in a new effect not seen with either drug alone ...
101311--Schizophrenia-Citrome
101311--Schizophrenia-Citrome

... Do not jump to conclusions; take comments at face value3 Explain that you want to hear what the patient really thinks, not what he/she thinks you want to hear1-3 ● If you want to respond, do not try to do too much and make sure you do not go beyond what the patient can accept for now ● As much as yo ...
Text S1.
Text S1.

... acquisition were analyzed by Kaplan-Meir plots for patients in the severe group, for patients in the entire mild group, and for patients in the young mild group. A marginally significant p-value (p=0.032) was observed between secretor negative and secretor positive patients in the severe group. Howe ...
Differences between individuals of the same species
Differences between individuals of the same species

... Genetic variation is all to do with the genes we inherit from our parents, which define our characteristics. The differences occur due to the combination of different versions of genes – alleles. Every individual has a different combination of these alleles (even though you may share a number with a ...
product monograph - ERFA Canada 2012 Inc.
product monograph - ERFA Canada 2012 Inc.

... Exceeding the recommended dose in patients with normal renal function or administering the recommended dose to patients with reduced renal function (common in elderly patients) may lead to increased serum levels and toxic reactions. Methemoglobinemia generally follows a massive, acute overdose. Oxid ...
Underwriting – Going to Pot?
Underwriting – Going to Pot?

... Classifying an applicant’s marijuana use for life insurance has been inconsistent. SCOR Global Life Americas recently conducted an informal survey of chief underwriters at several direct writing companies and responses indicate that underwriting rules run the continuum, from decline to preferred (al ...
Guidelines for Use of Sliding Scale and Patient
Guidelines for Use of Sliding Scale and Patient

... In June 2000 SIGN produced guidelines for the Control of Pain in Patients with Cancer (SIGN 44). These highlighted the need for the active participation of patients in controlling pain caused by cancer. The principles of pain management are based on thorough and accurate assessment followed by treat ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
מצגת של PowerPoint

... T moiety, leading to a precursor form ([T.sup. ]-D), which is still inactive, but has significantly different physicochemical properties (Fig. 5). While the charged [T.sup. ]-D form is locked behind the BBB into the brain, it is easily eliminated from the body due to the acquired positive charge, wh ...
Evolution Acts on the Phenotype
Evolution Acts on the Phenotype

Health Policy Center Publication
Health Policy Center Publication

... Consistent with the policy of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists (ASCP), the AMA supports the return and reuse of medications to the dispensing pharmacy to reduce waste associated with unused medications in longterm care facilities and to offer substantial savings to the health care syst ...
TECHtalk CE - Teva Pharmacy Solutions
TECHtalk CE - Teva Pharmacy Solutions

... seniors; and offering suggestions on how pharmacy technicians can play an important role in preventing these incidents from happening again in the future. Background Why are seniors at increased risk of medication-related harm? Older people are more prone to having chronic medical conditions, such a ...
?+@ #..)zd i~ Blue Cross of California
?+@ #..)zd i~ Blue Cross of California

... Patients are seeking greater ownership of their health care and often prefer to self medicate when feasible. Of all the therapeutic classes of drugs available, the discrepancy in safety between the antihistamine and antihistamine/decongestant combinations available OTC compared to prescription Alleg ...
Optimization Homework
Optimization Homework

... Problems ...
Clinical Research And Treatment
Clinical Research And Treatment

... Potential patient benefit justifies the potential risks of the treatment use and those potential risks are not unreasonable in the context of the disease or condition to be treated; and Providing the investigational drug for the requested use will not interfere with clinical investigations that coul ...
GENETICS
GENETICS

... In dogs, there is an hereditary deafness caused by a recessive gene, �d.� A kennel owner has a male dog that she wants to use for breeding purposes if possible. The dog can hear, so the owner knows his genotype is either DD or Dd. If the dog�s genotype is Dd, the owner does not wish to use him for ...
December - National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
December - National Association of Boards of Pharmacy

... her professional judgment in addressing a prescription drug order for a Schedule II controlled substance (CS) that is incomplete or deemed incorrect, pursuant to the following updated Board policy. A pharmacist may change or add the dosage form, drug strength, drug quantity, and directions for use o ...
antiviral_Hammer
antiviral_Hammer

... 5. Tissue biopsy for light microscopy supplemented by antigen and/or nucleic acid detection. 6. Electron microscopy of body fluids or tissues. This is often a “needle in the haystack” approach but can be useful when trying to determine if a viral pathogen is responsible for an elusive or new disease ...
the benefits of incremental innovation
the benefits of incremental innovation

... patient group, it is certainly much better to have many options, where the physician can match the patient with the best medicine, than only a single choice which may or may not be suitable for certain patients. In order to be accepted within the class, each new drug must also represent some cumulat ...
Angiotensin receptor blocker (arb) antihypertensive dose
Angiotensin receptor blocker (arb) antihypertensive dose

... Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Hans-Henrik Parving, M.D., D.M.Sc., Hendrik. Each profile is a comprehensive review of the safety and effectiveness of this . If is not a Do Not Use product, information on adverse effects, drug. Figure 2 Rate of Hospital Admission for Hyperkalemia among Patients Recen ...
Why, When, and How to Conduct 14C Human Studies
Why, When, and How to Conduct 14C Human Studies

... to appropriately understand the safety and efficacy of drug candidates.As recently summarized by the last FDA Guidance on safety testing of drug metabolites1, there is a high concern when “drug metabolites are either identified only in humans (but this is rare) or are present at disproportionately h ...
Can we predict good drugs ?
Can we predict good drugs ?

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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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