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Pharmacology MCQs
Pharmacology MCQs

... 29. The following characteristics refer to the renal clearance of drugs: a. a clearance of basic drugs can be enhanced by alkalinizing the urine. b. if when urine pH is modified from 5.3 to 7.4, the clearance of a drug increases from 92 to 183ml/min, this drug is acidic. c. the greater the lipid sol ...
Prescribing Information
Prescribing Information

... 125 mg twice daily group experienced clinical response compared with patients in the placebo group (17.6% vs. 8.0%, 1–sided p < 0.01). In the randomized clinical study, examination of duration of diarrhea, baseline number of daily watery bowel movements, use of protease inhibitors, CD4 cell count an ...
Retinopathy induced by drugs and herbal medicines
Retinopathy induced by drugs and herbal medicines

... Toxicity can result from the methods used to administer the drug. These can be topical as in eyewashes, ointments, or subconjuntival and retrobulbar injections, or arise out of systemic use. The retina is the part of the eye suffering most damage from pharmaceutical drugs. It is a thin nervous membr ...
Long Term Effects GHB - Dr. Tamerin Capellino
Long Term Effects GHB - Dr. Tamerin Capellino

... We know what happens to our students when they are depressed! They check out of school, society, and life. The can’t see the light at the end of the tunnel. They stop trying at school and fall behind. They take these behaviors into adulthood and the cycle continues at full force. ...
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 1 INDICATIONS
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 1 INDICATIONS

... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body including the eye. It catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In humans, carbonic anhydrase exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active being carboni ...


... deficiency which does not allow the body to process the amino acid phenylalanine. What percent of the population are carriers for this recessive disease? 1 in 10, 000 ; recessive = q2 ; q2 = .0001 ; q = .01 p = 1 – q ; p = 1 - .01 ; p = .99 p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 ; 2pq = 2(.99)(.01) = .0198 therefore: 2% ...
PPT here
PPT here

...  Bambuterol is a biscarbonate ester prodrug of β2-antagonist terbutaline in the treatment of asthama. Slowly converted into active form by hydrolysis by cholineaterases.  It bypasses presystemic elimination.  Maximum plasma concentration of terbutaline occurs approxiamately 4-7hrs after bambutero ...
agomelatine - Assets - Cambridge University Press
agomelatine - Assets - Cambridge University Press

... • May continue to work for many years to prevent relapse of symptoms ...
Antimicrobial drugs in Respiratory Infection
Antimicrobial drugs in Respiratory Infection

... Effective orally in the treatment of urinary tract infections and in respiratory, ear, and sinus infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae(流感嗜血杆菌) and Moraxella catarrhalis(卡他莫拉菌). In the immunocompromised patient, TMP-SMZ is used for infections due to Aeromonas hydrophila (嗜水气单胞菌)and is the dru ...
Pharmaceutical Care Lectures
Pharmaceutical Care Lectures

Company Presentation
Company Presentation

... activities, involve significant risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied herein. Factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the Company’s dependence on business collaborations or availability of required financ ...
8/30/10 How to use Introduction
8/30/10 How to use Introduction

... Antiepileptic drugs grouped according to their major mechanism of action. Some AEDs work by acting on a combination of channels and/or some unknown mechanism of action. Target of seizure control Rx epilepsy is achieving balance between factors influence excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and t ...
Chapter 12-1: DNA
Chapter 12-1: DNA

... alleles are expressed but NOT blended – Example: In cows, the allele for red fur is codominant with the allele for white fur. Heterozygous cows carrying one red and one white allele have spotted fur, known as roan. • Codominant alleles will both be ___________________________________________________ ...
STIMULANT MEDICATION AND ADHD
STIMULANT MEDICATION AND ADHD

... at stimulant prescribing rates. No prior treatment histories, measures of dosages given, or any information as to why the children had been started on such stimulant treatment were measured or obtained. This information is valuable in generating prevalence rates on stimulant use with children. In th ...
Isolation and Purification of Marine Organisms by Gary Witman, MD
Isolation and Purification of Marine Organisms by Gary Witman, MD

... practice. Ziconotide (Prialt) is a novel non-opioid, non local anesthetic, developed for the treatment of severe chronic pain. Ziconotide is the synthetic form of a 25 amino acid peptide isolated from the venum of the marine snail Conus magus. The drug works through a unique mechanism of action, in ...
Ethics of RU-486
Ethics of RU-486

... Accelerating the drug through the FDA approval process is unethical for the same reason that stalling the approval process was. The FDA is not where the moral issues of our nation should be debated and battled over (Abraham, 1995). Giving the public misinformation and trying to go outside the norma ...
II SIMULAZIONE IN INGLESE General Knowledge
II SIMULAZIONE IN INGLESE General Knowledge

... D. The use of electric engines in place of petrol engines will increase emissions of CO 2 E. None of the above 4. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has released data from a study of 15 year olds in the principal industrialised countries. It shows unequivocally that te ...
Unit 7 Genetics - Liberty Union High School District
Unit 7 Genetics - Liberty Union High School District

... • Traits passed in “factors” GENES! from Generation to Generation • Working during the same time period as Darwin • He didn’t know what a GENE was !! ...
Acetazolamide: Considerations for Systemic Administration
Acetazolamide: Considerations for Systemic Administration

... patients with liver cirrhosis because it decreases ammonia clearance and increases the risk for hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with mild liver disease, dose adjustment of the drug is not necessary, since acetazolamide is not metabolized by the liver. Drug interactions. Caution must be exercised ...
BioA414 Handout VII-2017
BioA414 Handout VII-2017

... • A remote island in the south Atlantic settled in 1817 by a Scotsman and his family • The current population can trace their ancestry to about two dozen individuals • Genetic structure reflects the distribution of genes that happened to be present in the small group of founders ...
10.3 Gene pools and speciation
10.3 Gene pools and speciation

... AND SPECIATION Gene pools change over time ...
4.3 Theoretical Genetics - wfs
4.3 Theoretical Genetics - wfs

... Some genes have more than two alleles. An individual can only possess two alleles. The population may contain many alleles for a given gene. Multiple alleles increases the number of different phenotypes. • Multiple alleles can be dominant, recessive or codominant to each other. • Example: Rabbit coa ...
Legal Highs: Harms and Effects
Legal Highs: Harms and Effects

... Benzo Fury is a brand of new legal stimulant which may contain almost anything, including the chemical 6-(2-aminopropyl) benzofuran also called 6-APB. Some batches may also contain other substances, some legal some illegal. Its effects are fairly close to ecstasy including increased energy, mood enh ...
Fausto Bustos Carrillo - Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Fausto Bustos Carrillo - Familial Hypercholesterolemia

... expensive treatment must be done every several weeks to prevent cardiovascular disease.   Statin Therapy   These drugs inhibit an enzyme (HMG-CoA-reductase) in the liver, which causes the liver to produce more LDL receptors. This only works for heterozygotes. ...
Information for Prescribers - PCSS-MAT
Information for Prescribers - PCSS-MAT

... Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) and on MedScape (two courses funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse). ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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