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учитесь читать аннотации к лекарственным препаратам
учитесь читать аннотации к лекарственным препаратам

... 1. a person who is receiving medical treatment; 2. a place, where drugs are prepared and sold; 3. a particular kind of body or mind illness caused by infection or internal disorder with special symptoms and name; 4. a well-known drug used to reduce high temperature; 5. a scientist working in the fie ...
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... medication given intravenously is “bioavailable” since it goes strait into the blood stream. On the other hand, if the medication is given by mouth, most will not be bioavailable in the blood due to destruction by the acid in the stomach, failure to absorb through the gut and finally through destruc ...
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... became the first oral drug to enter phase III clinical trials for 1st stage HAT [6]. However, development of the drug was terminated due to high incidence of renal toxicity, a finding which was demonstrated after an extended phase I clinical trial [15]. At the same time, recent research on plant phy ...
Environmental and genetic interaction
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... A (additive genetics) C (common environment) and E (unique environment); ACE Model. The correlation we observe between MZ twins provides an estimate of A + C . Dizygous (DZ) twins have a common shared environment, and share on average 50% of their genes: so the correlation between DZ twins is a dire ...
A System That Helps Scientists See Drugs in Tissue Samples
A System That Helps Scientists See Drugs in Tissue Samples

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Gene Inheritance - El Camino College
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... Synthetic marijuana can be smoked in a joint or a pipe, just like the regular kind. “The main reason this product has become so popular is that it’s legal,” Cannon said. “It also does not show up in a standard urine drug test.” That’s one reason some people who smoke regular marijuana prefer the syn ...
Benfluorex and valvular heart disease
Benfluorex and valvular heart disease

... identified with the following diagnosis-related groups (GHM): 05C02Z, 05C03V, and 05C03W. We also identified patients with one of the four ALD for a cardiovascular disease as it may influence the propensity to develop valvular heart disease. We thus retained the four following diseases: coronary heart ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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