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Lecture 7: MENDELIAN GENETICS
Lecture 7: MENDELIAN GENETICS

... • Of course, the 1 in 4 probability of getting the disease is just an expectation, and in reality, any two carriers may have normal children. • However, the greatest probability is for 1 in 4 children to be affected. • Important factor when prospective parents are concerned about their chances of ha ...
Psychology of Addiction (The models)
Psychology of Addiction (The models)

... essential behaviours or McDonalds/Chocolat in some cases unhealthy e again if it were not behaviours......we all pleasurable? have our crosses to bear..Is addiction is the price we pay?? ...
Drugs - Cabrillo College
Drugs - Cabrillo College

... • Discuss the use and abuse of controlled substances, including cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana, opioids, hallucinogens, designer drugs, inhalants, and steroids. • Profile illicit drug use in the United States, including who uses illicit drugs, their financial impact, and their impact on college ca ...
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION

... nursing staff. Medications would include those that could be provided safely in the home setting. After documentation of appropriate teaching, subcutaneous injections may be given by the parent. No IV or IM meds will be administered by parents. For this purpose education is required because the medi ...
alleles - Mahtomedi Middle School
alleles - Mahtomedi Middle School

... short haired dogs have a litter of puppies. Some of the puppies have short hair and some of the puppies have long hair. Describe the probability of each genotype and phenotype in the data table. What are the genotypes of the parents? Bb and Bb ...
New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis
New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis

... coadministered drugs metabolized through this pathway. Recent studies [24,25] suggest, however, that efavirenzbased regimens are compatible with rifampin-based TB therapy, whereas standard twice-daily doses of nevirapine may provide acceptable (though slightly inferior) efficacy and safety in patie ...
What is pain?
What is pain?

... • Goal: Increase dose until pain relief is adequate or intolerable and unmanageable side effects occur • No maximal or “correct” dose • Responsiveness of an individual patient to a specific drug cannot be determined unless dose was increased to treatment-limiting toxicity ...
genetic mapping
genetic mapping

... independence in the formation of chiasmata) in the formation of chromosomal crossovers during meiosis. It is generally the case that, if there is a crossover at one spot on a chromosome, this decreases the likelihood of a crossover in a nearby spot. This is called interference. This tells us how str ...
The role of adherence in tuberculosis HIV-positive patients treated in
The role of adherence in tuberculosis HIV-positive patients treated in

... HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection is associated with a higher mortality [1, 11, 15, 16], although most deaths in those who receive an effective therapy are due to complications of HIV infection rather than tuberculosis [11]. In the current study, almost one-quarter of patients do not r ...
comparative study of natural and synthetic
comparative study of natural and synthetic

... treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Acute lumbago, and Dental pain condition. However like other NSAIDs, oral administration of this drug is also associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects like ulceration and gastro intestinal bleeding liver and kidney trouble. The solution ...
hallucinogens and dissociative drugs
hallucinogens and dissociative drugs

... occurrence of either is rare, it is also unpredictable and may happen more often than previously thought, and sometimes both conditions occur together. While the exact causes are not known, both conditions are more often seen in individuals with a history of psychological problems but can happen to ...
Medicines for the Treatment of Obesity
Medicines for the Treatment of Obesity

... Insurance coverage: NC by Unity, PPlus, or Medicaid GI side effects: diarrhea, cramping, flatus, oily discharge, malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins. Only drug interaction: CSA ...
Medicines for the Treatment of Obesity
Medicines for the Treatment of Obesity

... Insurance coverage: NC by Unity, PPlus, or Medicaid GI side effects: diarrhea, cramping, flatus, oily discharge, malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins. Only drug interaction: CSA ...
Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug
Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug

Transdermal Patches a successful tool in Transdermal
Transdermal Patches a successful tool in Transdermal

... because most of the drugs as well as adhesives are soluble in chloroform. The drug is dissolved in chloroform and adhesive material will be added to the drug solution and dissolved. Former is lined with aluminium foil and the ends off with tightly fitting cork blocks [35]. Preparation of TDDS by usi ...
Tips and tricks in hypertension
Tips and tricks in hypertension

... Increase in serum creatinine with an ACE inhibitor Small increases in serum creatinine, in the order of 0.1 to 0.3-mg/dL are common with an ACE inhibitor that correcting with stopping the drug. Increases > 0.3-mg/dL typically reflect underlying renal micro or macrovascular disease and/or volume con ...
cancer_b
cancer_b

... genotype frequencies 2A = p2 (2A)2 + 2pq (A + a )2 + q2 (2a)2 = 2(p 2A + q2a) • Define the dominance displacement d as the position of the heterozygote relative to the two homozypotes d = (Aa - aa) / (AA - aa) • If the effects are purely additive, the heterozygote genotypic value will be ...
Topic_4_ - rlsmart.net
Topic_4_ - rlsmart.net

... heterozygous or homozygous dominant. Cross the individual with a recessive phenotype if any offspring have recessive phenotype then the individual was heterozygous ...
Adverse Effects were not the Main Causes for Rotigotine Patch
Adverse Effects were not the Main Causes for Rotigotine Patch

... [13]. However, the concommitant safety issues may compromise its wide application [14]. Previous studies showed that the most common adverse events in PD patients who received rotigotine patch were application site reactions, the frequency of which can reach 44-46% [13,15]. Other side effects of rot ...
Objectives Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel
Objectives Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel

RIVOTRIL Product Monograph
RIVOTRIL Product Monograph

... birth defects in children born to epileptic women taking such medication during pregnancy. The incidence of congenital malformations in the general population is regarded to be approximately 2%; in children of treated epileptic women this incidence may be increased two to three-fold. The increase is ...
amphetamine sulphate
amphetamine sulphate

... There is an inevitable comedown after the amphetamines have worn off tiredness, depression, loss of self-esteem, hunger, and achiness. There may be a temptation to alleviate some of these symptoms by using some painkilling or tranquillising drug, or alternatively using more speed. Neither option is ...
• ZOVIRAX (acyclovir) Cream 5% Soothes at the Site to Heal Herpes Fast
• ZOVIRAX (acyclovir) Cream 5% Soothes at the Site to Heal Herpes Fast

... depression or suicidality, especially if these symptoms are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient’s presenting symptoms. If the decision has been made to discontinue treatment, medication should be tapered, as rapidly as is feasible, but with recognition that abrupt discontinuatio ...
PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOKINETICS Learning Objectives
PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOKINETICS Learning Objectives

... group is dependent on urinary pH; raising the pH promotes excretion of acids, impairs excretion of bases), renal disease (creatinine clearance or its estimate from serum creatinine provides a useful clinical indicator of impaired renal function and is approximately proportional to drug renal clearan ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline

... 3. In order to develop a test for a particular genetic disorder, scientists must first obtain family pedigrees. a. Family pedigrees trace particular genes through many family generations. b. In the example of Huntington disease, the family pedigree illustrated that the offspring of an affected indiv ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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