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MODULATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4) AND
MODULATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4) AND

... Figure 6: Effect of MLE on pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time in rats...................................59 Figure 7: Effect of pre-treatment of MLE on serum enzymes; ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT levels in CCl4 intoxicated rats treated with MLE or silymarin. .............................................. ...
Scoliosis Ethiopathonenesis: Changing Paradigms Through The
Scoliosis Ethiopathonenesis: Changing Paradigms Through The

... annulus fibrosus has stretched towards the concave side, and compressed by the neighboring vertebrae. It was demonstrated that disc samples taken from patients with idiopathic and neuromuscular scoliosis had reduced glycosaminoglycan and increased collagen content. However, all such changes have bee ...
Appendix 10: Administering drugs via feeding tubes
Appendix 10: Administering drugs via feeding tubes

Pharmacovigilance in Ghana: A Systems Analysis, April 2010
Pharmacovigilance in Ghana: A Systems Analysis, April 2010

... aspects of medicines registration and selection in Ghana. However, the country lacks the legal provisions to enforce pharmacovigilance activities. Systems, Structures, and Stakeholder Coordination The FDB’s Safety Monitoring Unit is the national pharmacovigilance coordinating center. Ghana has devel ...
new zealand data sheet
new zealand data sheet

... have occurred as a result of such abuse. Please ensure that used patches are concealed and disposed of carefully (see section 4.2 ‘INSTRUCTIONS TO PATIENTS’). The initial fentanyl dose should be the lowest possible dose based on the patient's opioid history and the current medical status. Dosage mus ...
Crystal Methamphetamine Use in New South Wales
Crystal Methamphetamine Use in New South Wales

... methamphetamine due to its greater purity. An overview of crystal methamphetamine, what it is and its effects, is provided in section two of this paper (pp 3-5). The majority of crystal methamphetamine in Australia is currently imported, although there have been some recent discoveries of domestic i ...
Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Statin Adverse Effects
Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Statin Adverse Effects

... After de novo initiation of a statin that is associated with a patient complaint of adverse effects, when is re-challenge/de-challenge with the same statin inappropriate or futile? • Patient refuses to re-try the same drug, even at a lower daily dose or intermittently. • Symptoms are significant, c ...
Ultra-Low Dose Antagonist Effects on Cannabinoids and Opioids in Models... Is Less More? By
Ultra-Low Dose Antagonist Effects on Cannabinoids and Opioids in Models... Is Less More? By

... WIN alone had CB1 receptors predominately coupling to Gs proteins, whereas all other groups had CB1 receptors predominately coupling to Gi proteins. For experiment 3, all animals were subjected to the formalin test following either acute or sub-chronic injections of vehicle, the opiate morphine, ult ...
Report on the Deliberation Results April 27, 2012 Evaluation and
Report on the Deliberation Results April 27, 2012 Evaluation and

... In light-exposed samples, the amount of the related substance Deg-C increased over time (yield approximately ***% at providing an overall illumination of ≥1.2 million lux⋅h, net near ultraviolet energy of ≥200 W⋅h/m2), suggesting the effect of light on the drug product. PMDA asked the applicant to e ...
Extract from Clinical Evaluation Report: Crizotinib
Extract from Clinical Evaluation Report: Crizotinib

Artemisia annua(Sweet Annie), Other Artemisia Species, Artemisinin
Artemisia annua(Sweet Annie), Other Artemisia Species, Artemisinin

... a bitter plant. Nausea cleared with termination of therapy. The total dose of artemisinin delivered on average was approximately 60 mg, far below the usual dose recommendations of purified artemisinin (500–1000 mg a day for 3–5 days). It is possible other compounds, such as the flavonoids mentioned ...
Cognitive Deficiencies
Cognitive Deficiencies

... sudden withdrawal of piracetam caused worsening of myoclonus and seizures. Ikeda A et al Clinical trial of piracetam in patients with myoclonus: Nationwide multiinstitution study in Japan. Movement Disorders 11(6): 691-700, 1996. 60 adults studied, with good results. Van Vleymen V and Van Zandijke M ...
Our Commitment to Legalizing Marijuana for Adults
Our Commitment to Legalizing Marijuana for Adults

EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF

as hydrochloride - Therapeutic Goods Administration
as hydrochloride - Therapeutic Goods Administration

... Department of Health, and is responsible for regulating medicines and medical devices. ...
cookbook pharmacology
cookbook pharmacology

... in heart, brain and skeletal muscle; necessary for contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle. Action: Also maintains normal renal function, acid-base balance, carbohydrate metabolism and gastric secretion. Use: Prevention and treatment of hypokalemia including that secondary to drugs. Denta ...
Dexmedetomidine Use in General Anaesthesia
Dexmedetomidine Use in General Anaesthesia

... stimulation. Different from most of clinically used anesthetics, dexmedetomidine brings about not only a sedativehypnotic effect via an action on a single type of receptors, but also an analgesic effect and an autonomic blockade that is beneficial in cardiac risk situations. Several studies have dem ...
Melatonin - Integrative Hormone Consulting
Melatonin - Integrative Hormone Consulting

...  0.3 mg taken at 3 to 4 hours after the last cigarette.  For benzodiazepine withdrawal :  2 mg controlled release at bedtime for 6 weeks as the dose of benzodiazepine is gradually reduced every week.  For irritable bowel syndrome and migraine prevention :  3 mg at bedtime  For chronic fatigue ...
Policosanol: A New Treatment for
Policosanol: A New Treatment for

... scintigraphy (TL-MPS) and Doppler-ultrasound, and decreases symptoms of cardiovascular disease assessed by the Specific Activity Scale. In post-marketing studies, only 0.31 percent of patients have had adverse events. Furthermore, in animal toxicity studies doses up to 1500 times normal human doses ...
Alberta Drug Benefit List
Alberta Drug Benefit List

... Website: http://www.health.alberta.ca/services/drug-benefit-list.html 109B ...
Alaris® PK Syringe Pump
Alaris® PK Syringe Pump

... For anaesthetic agents the effect-site (or bio-phase) is not the plasma4 but the brain, where concentrations cannot be directly measured. Until the early 1990’s it was considered that blood-brain equilibration was virtually instantaneous. Early TCI systems were thus all plasma-targeted. For many dru ...
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

... was no adrenal suppression, as assessed by measurements of serum and urine cortisol levels in patients with erosive lichen planus as well as a control group. Nevertheless, the prolonged use of topical steroids on oral mucous membrane lesions necessitates careful and frequent follow-up examinations. ...
IPD Treatment Report
IPD Treatment Report

... dose is 5 mg/d, with up to 15 mg/d given as a single daily dose before breakfast. When higher daily doses are required, they should be divided and given before meals. The maximum dose recommended by the manufacturer is 40 mg/d, although doses above 1015 mg probably provide little additional benefit ...
assessment of the opiate properties of two constituents of a toxic
assessment of the opiate properties of two constituents of a toxic

DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES MELLITUS

... Tolbutamide is supplied as 500-mg tablets. It is rapidly oxidized in the liver to inactive metabolites, and its approximate duration of effect is relatively short (6-10 hours). Tolbutamide is probably best administered in divided doses (eg, 500 mg before each meal and at bedtime); however, some pati ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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