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Drug Development and Assessment in Man Pharmaceutical Medicine
Drug Development and Assessment in Man Pharmaceutical Medicine

... Phase IV Trials • These are performed after the medicine has been licensed and marketed. Postmarketing surveillance occurs after the clinical trials programme is complete. It is used to collect adverse event data from a large patient population. • Humans exposed 10,000+ ...
Drug Development and Assessment in Man Pharmaceutical Medicine
Drug Development and Assessment in Man Pharmaceutical Medicine

... Phase IV Trials • These are performed after the medicine has been licensed and marketed. Postmarketing surveillance occurs after the clinical trials programme is complete. It is used to collect adverse event data from a large patient population. • Humans exposed 10,000+ ...
Canada
Canada

... Health Canada has been informed by Bristol Myers Squibb that they have discontinued the availability of Pentaspan® as a drug in Canada. In addition to being used as a "drug" for distribution under the Food and Drug Regulations, Health Canada is aware that Pentaspan® has been used in Canada as a "rea ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... Can be used to treat diseases (cut out genes) Could be used to reduce the impact of genetic disease May be possible to genetically engineer animals to harvest human organs Plants growth rate could be improved therefore saving money and providing more food GM foods could have a longer shelf life You ...
Intro Unit 3 Research Paper Assignment
Intro Unit 3 Research Paper Assignment

... untoward effects (side effects), other drugs it may commonly be blended or used with, reactions with other drugs, and toxicity. 9. Various over-the-counter drugs contain psychoactive substances. Cold and cough medications, allergy medications and diet pills are prime examples. Choose one and discuss ...
Prevalence of Polypharmacy Exposure Among
Prevalence of Polypharmacy Exposure Among

... Limitations – Prescribed medications do not ensure that the medications were administered. – Although pro re nata (PRN) medications ordered should not be billed if not used, it is possible that some PRN medications are included but were not administered. – Drug doses were not available from the data ...
QA34_6_PregnancyPrescribing
QA34_6_PregnancyPrescribing

... Agents or factors that cross the placenta to cause congenital malformations are defined as teratogens. This strict definition is often relaxed to include any agent that directly or indirectly, causes structural or functional abnormalities in the foetus or child after birth when administered to a pre ...
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... P2Y12 inhibition. Hepatic metabolism is essential to the generation of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, specifically, 2 sequential oxidative steps through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system.2 This superfamily of proteins, which encompasses 57 genes and 18 families, is involved in ⬇80% of oxidativ ...
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A population screening - detection of BRCA1 and

... A population screening - detection of BRCA1 and other genes founder mutations Jacek Gronwald International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland Abstract Effective screening program must relate to important health problem, rea ...
Lecture 21_Drug Design
Lecture 21_Drug Design

... This percentage is significantly higher than in most other industries, including electronics, aerospace, automobiles, and computers. Since 1980 US pharmaceutical companies have practically doubled spending on R&D every 5 yrs. ...
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...  Drug Abuse is the excessive self-administration of a drug that could result in addiction (physical dependence) and could be detrimental to one’s health. Pediatrics: What You Need to Know!  Infants: Newborn – 1 year old – Drugs generally remain active longer • Drug levels decline more slowly • Dru ...
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... Methadone 100mg/day, not supervised as she had limited mobility. Methadone prescribed in hospital, administered day1 Day 2 – noted to be drowsy, snoring cyanosed, with pinpoint pupils ...
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... Knowledge of the drug (Pharmacology), patient/client and the diseased/altered health state is vital for the rational use of drug therapy. The nurse need to understand any medication before giving it to the client: dose, route of administration, Indication(s), side effects & adverse reactions, toxic ...
Harmful Drug Abuse - Green Local Schools
Harmful Drug Abuse - Green Local Schools

... Hallucinogens- Drugs that alter the minds thought processes create hallucinations Stimulants- Drugs that speed up bodily function by directly stimulating the nervous system in most cases. ...
Medication Safety Bulletin
Medication Safety Bulletin

... medication resulted in adverse events and were hospitalized. Adverse events resulting from administering wrong medication included confusion, lethargy, ataxia, hallucinations, tiredness, dizziness, tingling, numbness and altered mental status. Possible factors to the confusion: ...
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crampfort : prescribing information
crampfort : prescribing information

... If a dose is missed, an extra dose should not be taken. The usual schedule should be resumed. Overdosage: No specific information is available on the treatment of over dosage with CRAMPFORT. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. FDA Category in pregnant women:  Levocarnitine - Studies in rats an ...
shands - UF Health Professionals
shands - UF Health Professionals

... receptors on airway smooth muscle.1 Higher doses of the cardioselective agents result in the loss of selectivity.3 Despite the many benefits of betablockers, physicians are often hesitant to prescribe these agents to patients for common conditions because of concerns about possible adverse events. M ...
Genetic Variation
Genetic Variation

... • Everything (living) is made of cells and that is where the information describing “you” resides. • Cells have many smaller structures called organelles, that perform functions essential to life. • The nucleus of our cells contains our genetic information. ...
Pharmacokinetiks and Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetiks and Pharmacodynamics

... Drugs are primarily excreted by the kidneys  In order for drugs to be excreted they need to become hydrophilic  Excretion of drugs can be affected by the urinary pH  How the drug is excreted can influence prescribing decisions Which BNF appendix relates to patients’ ability to excrete? ...
COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 14 JULY 2010
COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 14 JULY 2010

... Patients rarely develop chronic liver disease after an acute severe DILI. Patients with cholestatic/mixed liver disease were more prone to developing chronic injury (9%), than those with the hepatocellular form ...
HealthCare21
HealthCare21

... CONTROL. NOW. “LEADERSHIP” OF AGING PROCESS.) 13. “Drug Discovery” processes at Big Pharma are … hopelessly over-complicated. (???: Bye-Bye … Big Pharma.) 14. 90% of the “healthcare fix”: HARVEST THE LOW-HANGING FRUIT. “They” are … NOT … the Enemy. “I have seen the enemy … and it am me.” Damn it. ...
Prescribe
Prescribe

... • Diagnosis • Consider drug & non-drug options • Balance benefits and risks of specific drug(s) Clinical • Consider drug-drug, drug- Decision Making comorbidity interactions • Consider cost/availability of options • Select drug, form, route, dose, frequency, duration ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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