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pharmacology mcq 1 (2009)
pharmacology mcq 1 (2009)

... b. imipramine 14) antidepressants a. fluoxetine + alcohol = significant driving ability impairment b. MAOIs can cause hypotension 15) Retinoic acid a. Is 60% absorbed topically b. Causes lipid metabolism abnormalities c. Is safely given to pregnant women 16) An old man is suddenly hypovolemic after ...
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... 1. What is the definition of a “evolution?___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. List and explain the evidence for evolution. ________________________________________ ...
Pharmacology MCQs
Pharmacology MCQs

... b. is obtained by dividing the dose administered by its free concentration in the plasma. c. is inversely related to its elimination half-life d. may be reduced in cardiac failure. 2. Binding of drugs to plasma proteins show the following characteristics: a. the bound drug fraction is pharmacologica ...
[INSERT_DATE] RE: Genetic Testing for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
[INSERT_DATE] RE: Genetic Testing for Dilated Cardiomyopathy

... disease is unidentified and referred to as idiopathic DCM; in fact, 20-50% of idiopathic DCM is now known to be genetic.2 Clinical investigations of DCM are often non-specific and may not identify the underlying cause.1,2 DCM presentations are similar, regardless of the underlying cause, but can dif ...
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... they may interact to show dominance or epistasis, respectively.” – Hill et al. (2008) PLOS Genetics, showing that additive genetic variance comprises the largest component of genetic variance that contributes to phenotype, much more than gene interactions or allelic interactions ...
Nimesulide: patients still exposed to a risk of severe hepatitis
Nimesulide: patients still exposed to a risk of severe hepatitis

... severe liver damage continue to accumulate and many other valid therapeutic options exist. If paracetamol is inadequately ineffective, oral ibuprofen is the NSAID with the best risk-benefit balance when used at standard doses. ...
6.4 Traits, Genes, and Alleles
6.4 Traits, Genes, and Alleles

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Drug Reactions - American Academy of Dermatology
Drug Reactions - American Academy of Dermatology

...  Which drug is responsible? • Review clinical history • Examine the medical records to see if there is an apparent temporal relationship between the symptoms and administration of specific drugs • For each suspect drug, consider the likelihood of it causing the type of reaction in question ...
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General Principles - My Illinois State

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Case One, Question 1 - American Academy of Dermatology

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Basic-Pharm-161-Presentation-pharmacokinetics1

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... Enclosed is the package insert approved in April 2005 that includes both current and discontinued Methotrexate Injection, USP products, which are marketed by Mayne Pharma U.S .A . (Attachment 3). Since the approval of the configuration on April 13, 2005, no specific MedWatch notices or other labelin ...
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... Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) taken in combination with another direct acting antiviral for the treatment of hepatitis C infection. We are adding information about serious slowing of the heart rate, known as symptomatic bradycardia, to the Harvoni and Sovaldi labels. We are recommending that health care prof ...
Allele: one of a pair of alternative forms of a gene that occur at a
Allele: one of a pair of alternative forms of a gene that occur at a

... Codominance: Co dominance is the equal and independent expression of the two alleles of a trait when they are present together in an individual. Coenzyme: Substance necessary for the activity of an enzyme. Dominance: A condition in which one member of an allele pair is manifested to the exclusion of ...
3-24-16 Genetics and Heredity 12.3
3-24-16 Genetics and Heredity 12.3

... Organizing DNA • DNA is bundled together as chromosomes • Different parts of a chromosome make up genes Gene: the factors that control a trait. The sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring. • You can have different forms of a gene that does the same thing. This ...
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Genetics-KEY

... Describes an organism that on being crossed with a member of the same strain always produces more organism of exactly the same strain ...
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Illustrated Drug interaction By Mohie Al

... caffeine, NSAIAs, Phenytoin, Zafirlukast, warfarin Warfarin, Digoxin, Theophylline, cyclosporine, phenytoin and antiretrovirals Oral Anti-coagulant ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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