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Genetic Models
Genetic Models

... Genetic Heterogeneity is common for complex traits, Genetic heterogeneity - The presence of apparently similar characters for which the genetic evidence indicates that different genes or different genetic mechanisms are involved in different pedigrees. In clinical settings genetic heterogeneity refe ...
VIEW PDF - Retina Today
VIEW PDF - Retina Today

... laser photocoagulation remains the gold standard treatment for DME, a recent trial2 showed that, at least in the short term (4 months), patients receiving 4-mg intravitreal steroid injections had better mean visual acuity than those receiving laser. The outcome was reversed by month 16 in this 2-yea ...
9 Genetics Vocabulary
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... 17. monohybrid cross—predicts the inheritanxce of ONE trait (4 boxes) 18. dihybrid cross—predicts the inheritance of TWO traits together (16 boxes) 19. codominance—both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote 20. incomplete dominance—neither allele is expressed; instead, the phenotype of the heter ...
Better understanding cancer patients` needs
Better understanding cancer patients` needs

Liver Cirrhosis
Liver Cirrhosis

... ability of the liver to metabolise drugs. • This contrasts with renal disease, where estimates of renal function based on creatinine clearance correlate with renal drug elimination. ...
Chapter 16
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... • Chromosomes break and exchange information Independent Assortment: • Never can predict which chromosomes will pair up • Sperm and egg Fertilization • Combines alleles from two parents Change in Chromosome Number or Structure • Loss, duplication, repositioning of genes. ...
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Common Drugs Cocaine - Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner
Common Drugs Cocaine - Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner

... Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Cocaine is not a new drug. In fact, it is one of the oldest known drugs. The pure chemical, cocaine hydrochloride, has been an abused substance for more than 100 years, and coca leaves, the source of cocaine, have been inge ...
Biomarkers & Personalized Medicine
Biomarkers & Personalized Medicine

... Adapted from: Frueh et al (2008) Pharmacogenomic biomarker information in drug labels approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration: prevalence of related drug use. Pharmacother, 28:992-8 ...
NARCOTIC MEDICATION POLICY
NARCOTIC MEDICATION POLICY

... while taking my prescribed narcotics, as this medication may impair my judgment and the safety of myself and others. By choosing to do this, I am putting myself and others at increased risk for serious injury or even death. I have read and understand the above guideline. I understand that this docum ...
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... 6.5 Traits and Probablity (B.7.1 Distinguish between dominant and recessive alleles and determine the phenotype that would result from the different possible combinations of alleles in an offspring.) (B.7.3 Determine the likelihood of the appearance of a specific trait in an offspring given the gene ...
Dr. Keith Baker - Designer (Dirty) Drugs
Dr. Keith Baker - Designer (Dirty) Drugs

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Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates

... No disposal site near you? Don’t worry! Many communities hold yearly events to collect unused, unwanted, or expired medications. If disposal sites or collection events are not available, APhA recommends crushing the medication and dissolving it in a small amount of water, and then mixing it with an ...
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... marketed in Japan as a supplementfor supporting normal mental health. The active polyphenols are a stronger antioxidant than vitamin C. It is also a major natural source for L-theanine, a nonprotein amino acid. Ashwaganda (Withania sominfera root) is also referred to as Indian ginseng, used in Ayerv ...
Bio 1B, Spring, 2007, Evolution section 1 of 3 Updated 3/2/07 9:50
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...  Allele frequencies change because of genetic drift  Genetic drift occurs because populations are not infinitely large • On average, allele frequencies do not change after random mating. But in any one population, allele frequencies will change slightly each generation because the population size ...
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...  Patient-centered measures, including observation of treatment, are required to ensure adherence  Consultation with a provider experienced in treatment of patients with MDR/XDR tuberculosis should be obtained ...
Chemistry in every day life - Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bailey Road, Patna
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... CATALYTIC ACTION OF EN ZYMESEnzymes have active sites which hold the substrate molecule .it can be attracted by reacting molecules. (b) Substrate is bonded to active sites through hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Vander Waal or dipole – dipole interactions. (ii) DRUG- ENZYME INTERACTIONS(a)Drug compete ...
Drug-Drug Interaction Testing Copyright © 2017 Aegis Sciences
Drug-Drug Interaction Testing Copyright © 2017 Aegis Sciences

... Interaction severities subject to dose-dependency are reported as the most severe interaction identified as part of the analysis. Patients who are prescribed or taking different dosages of the medication may or may not be subject to the same effects of the interaction. Interactions which are variabl ...
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... effects; diminished effectiveness in people with chronic alcoholism because of cellular tolerance to CNS depression, increased metabolism, or both. ...
Analytical Variables
Analytical Variables

... Enzymes in RBCs can metabolize drugs - Antipsychotic (haloperidol) Drugs can bind to: ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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