Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell
... a modeled cell plate is shown in Figure 4W. Figures 4A to 4D illustrate a set (every fifth slice) of 2-nm-thick tomographic slices through a small-dark vesicle with a characteristic L-shaped molecular complex (Figure 4E) extending from its surface. These L-shaped complexes are most readily identifie ...
... a modeled cell plate is shown in Figure 4W. Figures 4A to 4D illustrate a set (every fifth slice) of 2-nm-thick tomographic slices through a small-dark vesicle with a characteristic L-shaped molecular complex (Figure 4E) extending from its surface. These L-shaped complexes are most readily identifie ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
... obviously numerous and probably redundant, likely serve to extend Golgi-derived MT lifetime, allowing for their robust function. Thus, we consider MT stabilization as an important step in MT formation at the Golgi (Figure 1). That being said, while we have grouped known molecular factors in two grou ...
... obviously numerous and probably redundant, likely serve to extend Golgi-derived MT lifetime, allowing for their robust function. Thus, we consider MT stabilization as an important step in MT formation at the Golgi (Figure 1). That being said, while we have grouped known molecular factors in two grou ...
The Molecular Basis of the Evolution and Diversity of Stomatal
... cell–cell signals in turn appear to activate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade including the MAPKKK YODA (Bergmann et al., 2004), MPKK4/5, and MAPK MPK3/6 (Wang et al., 2007), to suppress stomatal development in neighboring cells. In general, MAP kinase cascades target trans ...
... cell–cell signals in turn appear to activate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade including the MAPKKK YODA (Bergmann et al., 2004), MPKK4/5, and MAPK MPK3/6 (Wang et al., 2007), to suppress stomatal development in neighboring cells. In general, MAP kinase cascades target trans ...
Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin in mitochondrial
... used to sustain the function of the mitochondria themselves. The function of mitochondria also includes the formation of building blocks for amino acid and fatty acid synthesis, storage of Ca2þ and regulation of apoptosis (reviewed in [1]). Obviously, because of the central role of ATP in metabolic ...
... used to sustain the function of the mitochondria themselves. The function of mitochondria also includes the formation of building blocks for amino acid and fatty acid synthesis, storage of Ca2þ and regulation of apoptosis (reviewed in [1]). Obviously, because of the central role of ATP in metabolic ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... to the cellular and subcellular levels and, from the 1950’s on, to the molecular level, transformed experimental embryology to developmental biology”. The term “decline” of experimental embryology was falsely interpreted by some authors as a decline of the Freiburg school. That this opinion is wrong ...
... to the cellular and subcellular levels and, from the 1950’s on, to the molecular level, transformed experimental embryology to developmental biology”. The term “decline” of experimental embryology was falsely interpreted by some authors as a decline of the Freiburg school. That this opinion is wrong ...
letters - Cytomorpholab
... indicates that AtFH5 has a role in cytokinesis. A fluorescent dotted pattern of undetermined identity was also observed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3) and might not reflect the true localization of AtFH5, as potential artifacts may be associated with overexpression of AtFH5–GFP. The endosperm in the Arab ...
... indicates that AtFH5 has a role in cytokinesis. A fluorescent dotted pattern of undetermined identity was also observed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3) and might not reflect the true localization of AtFH5, as potential artifacts may be associated with overexpression of AtFH5–GFP. The endosperm in the Arab ...
Volume 94, issue 2 July 2011 ...
... potential mechanisms of how forces could translate into changes of cellular physiology and signaling as well as the question whether a universal mechanism of axonal elongation exists across different species. 2. Forces and axonal elongation 2.1. Forces cause axons to grow It is utterly remarkable th ...
... potential mechanisms of how forces could translate into changes of cellular physiology and signaling as well as the question whether a universal mechanism of axonal elongation exists across different species. 2. Forces and axonal elongation 2.1. Forces cause axons to grow It is utterly remarkable th ...
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTOR ROLE OF
... distribution of different Shigella species, although further studies are needed to better understand this association. Antibiotic resistance in Shigella is now a major cause of concern around the world. Recent reports indicate that multidrug resistant strains are more commonly isolated and several ...
... distribution of different Shigella species, although further studies are needed to better understand this association. Antibiotic resistance in Shigella is now a major cause of concern around the world. Recent reports indicate that multidrug resistant strains are more commonly isolated and several ...
Imaging Cell Wall Architecture in Single Zinnia
... secondary walls and undergo programmed cell death, which results in the removal of all cell contents, leaving behind a “functional corpse” (Roberts and McCann, 2000; Fukuda, 2004). In broad terms, the primary cell wall of higher plants is mainly composed of three types of polysaccharides: cellulose, ...
... secondary walls and undergo programmed cell death, which results in the removal of all cell contents, leaving behind a “functional corpse” (Roberts and McCann, 2000; Fukuda, 2004). In broad terms, the primary cell wall of higher plants is mainly composed of three types of polysaccharides: cellulose, ...
Did trypanosomatid parasites have photosynthetic
... Figure 1. An illustration of euglenozoan relationships, emphasizing the diverse modes of nutrition present in the group. This general framework reflects the current state of knowledge about euglenozoan phylogeny. It is a synthetic hypothesis based primarily on comparative morphology (cladistic analy ...
... Figure 1. An illustration of euglenozoan relationships, emphasizing the diverse modes of nutrition present in the group. This general framework reflects the current state of knowledge about euglenozoan phylogeny. It is a synthetic hypothesis based primarily on comparative morphology (cladistic analy ...
Self-Incompatibility-induced Programmed Cell
... Under normal cellular conditions, [pH] cyt is between ~6.9 and 7.5 (Kurkdjian and Guern, 1989; Felle, 2001). Pollen tubes, like other tip growing cells, have [pH] cyt gradients (Gibbon and Kropf, 1994; Feijo et al., 1999). The [pH]cyt of the pollen tube shank is pH ~6.9 - 7.11 (Fricker et al., 1997; ...
... Under normal cellular conditions, [pH] cyt is between ~6.9 and 7.5 (Kurkdjian and Guern, 1989; Felle, 2001). Pollen tubes, like other tip growing cells, have [pH] cyt gradients (Gibbon and Kropf, 1994; Feijo et al., 1999). The [pH]cyt of the pollen tube shank is pH ~6.9 - 7.11 (Fricker et al., 1997; ...
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in
... actin microfilaments, rather than microtubules, and that their maintenance and distribution are actin dependent (Ovecka et al. 2005, Higaki et al. 2006). To investigate vacuolar morphology and its regulatory mechanisms, we have, in this study, established a new visualization system using the moss, Ph ...
... actin microfilaments, rather than microtubules, and that their maintenance and distribution are actin dependent (Ovecka et al. 2005, Higaki et al. 2006). To investigate vacuolar morphology and its regulatory mechanisms, we have, in this study, established a new visualization system using the moss, Ph ...
Shh signalling and cell death in limb development
... of cell death using a retroviral vector expressing Bcl2 led to an increase in Shh expression. Finally, we provide evidence that the fate of some of the Shh-expressing cells in the polarising region is to undergo apoptosis and contribute to the posterior necrotic zone during normal limb development. ...
... of cell death using a retroviral vector expressing Bcl2 led to an increase in Shh expression. Finally, we provide evidence that the fate of some of the Shh-expressing cells in the polarising region is to undergo apoptosis and contribute to the posterior necrotic zone during normal limb development. ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
... Cell Line, Culture Conditions, and Doubling Times. The melanoma cell by cooling to room temperature for 20 min. Sections were blocked for 30 min line UACC 903, the creation and characterization of the microcell-mediated with 1% BSA, and then incubated with mouse antihuman Ki67 (dilution 1:50) chromo ...
... Cell Line, Culture Conditions, and Doubling Times. The melanoma cell by cooling to room temperature for 20 min. Sections were blocked for 30 min line UACC 903, the creation and characterization of the microcell-mediated with 1% BSA, and then incubated with mouse antihuman Ki67 (dilution 1:50) chromo ...
Echinoderm enteric nervous system
... The basiepithelial plexus is considered to be similar to the plexus in the epidermis and, therefore, to be part of the ectoneural nervous system division (Cobb and Raymond, 1979). In sea stars, the fibres form unspecialized contacts with the luminal cells or choanocytes (Bargmann and Behrens, 1968; ...
... The basiepithelial plexus is considered to be similar to the plexus in the epidermis and, therefore, to be part of the ectoneural nervous system division (Cobb and Raymond, 1979). In sea stars, the fibres form unspecialized contacts with the luminal cells or choanocytes (Bargmann and Behrens, 1968; ...
distribution of microtubules in the golgi apparatus of euglena gracilis
... were exposed to room illumination for about 1-2 h prior to being fixed for microscopy. Cells were prefixed in 005 M sec-collidine-buffered glutaraldehyde (2 %)-paraformaldehyde (2 %) for 45 min, rinsed well in buffer for 1—2 h and postfixed in sec-collidine-buffered OsO4 (1 %) for 2 h. The cells wer ...
... were exposed to room illumination for about 1-2 h prior to being fixed for microscopy. Cells were prefixed in 005 M sec-collidine-buffered glutaraldehyde (2 %)-paraformaldehyde (2 %) for 45 min, rinsed well in buffer for 1—2 h and postfixed in sec-collidine-buffered OsO4 (1 %) for 2 h. The cells wer ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... multiple cellular processes during metamorphosis in Drosophila, including cell differentiation, morphogenesis and death. E93 is necessary and sufficient for larval tissue cell death during metamorphosis, including autophagic cell death of salivary glands. Here we characterize new mutant alleles of ...
... multiple cellular processes during metamorphosis in Drosophila, including cell differentiation, morphogenesis and death. E93 is necessary and sufficient for larval tissue cell death during metamorphosis, including autophagic cell death of salivary glands. Here we characterize new mutant alleles of ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... phloroglucinol-HCl (66). For large organs such as stems of Arabidopsis, free-hand sections stained with the dyes often give satisfactory anatomical images (92). For high resolution, thin or ultrathin sections should be sought (66). For observation of leaf venation pattern, leaves can be cleared with ...
... phloroglucinol-HCl (66). For large organs such as stems of Arabidopsis, free-hand sections stained with the dyes often give satisfactory anatomical images (92). For high resolution, thin or ultrathin sections should be sought (66). For observation of leaf venation pattern, leaves can be cleared with ...
********* 1 - Botanik in Bonn
... • Tominaga, Motoki, and Akihiko Nakano. "Plant-specific myosin XI, a molecular perspective." Frontiers in plant science, 2012 • Liu B. (ed.), The Plant Cytoskeleton, Ad. in Plant Biol. 2, 2011 • Volkmann, D., et al. "Unconventional myosins of the plant-specific class VIII: endocytosis, cytokinesis, ...
... • Tominaga, Motoki, and Akihiko Nakano. "Plant-specific myosin XI, a molecular perspective." Frontiers in plant science, 2012 • Liu B. (ed.), The Plant Cytoskeleton, Ad. in Plant Biol. 2, 2011 • Volkmann, D., et al. "Unconventional myosins of the plant-specific class VIII: endocytosis, cytokinesis, ...
Nutrients and growth factors in mTORC1 activation
... Since the establishment of a link between growth factors and mTORC1 [mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1] activation via the interaction of Akt and the TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex) more than a decade ago [1,2], our understanding of the mechanism and players involved has incr ...
... Since the establishment of a link between growth factors and mTORC1 [mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1] activation via the interaction of Akt and the TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex) more than a decade ago [1,2], our understanding of the mechanism and players involved has incr ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... Received 6 August 2014; revised 18 August 2014; accepted 18 August 2014; published online 30 September 2014 ...
... Received 6 August 2014; revised 18 August 2014; accepted 18 August 2014; published online 30 September 2014 ...
Physical and Chemical Basis of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... Twodecades have elapsed since this author wrote a review on cytoplasmic streaming for VolumeI 1 of this series (72). As is the case with other types of cell motility, research on cytoplasmic streaming has madegreat strides during this period--including isolating proteins related to streaming, elucid ...
... Twodecades have elapsed since this author wrote a review on cytoplasmic streaming for VolumeI 1 of this series (72). As is the case with other types of cell motility, research on cytoplasmic streaming has madegreat strides during this period--including isolating proteins related to streaming, elucid ...
Inside A Cell
... • Fast Facts are designed to give your students a quick overview of the information presented within the video. • Before Viewing Activities help identify what students already know about the subject, what they are curious about, and what they hope to learn. • During Viewing Activities may be used du ...
... • Fast Facts are designed to give your students a quick overview of the information presented within the video. • Before Viewing Activities help identify what students already know about the subject, what they are curious about, and what they hope to learn. • During Viewing Activities may be used du ...
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters
... NA TOPOISOMERASE II (topo II) catalyzes the local changes in DNA topology by passing a double-stranded DNA helix through a transient double-strand break site and then rejoining the strand break.1,2 Conditional yeast mutants in the top2 gene showed that this enzymatic activity is required for segrega ...
... NA TOPOISOMERASE II (topo II) catalyzes the local changes in DNA topology by passing a double-stranded DNA helix through a transient double-strand break site and then rejoining the strand break.1,2 Conditional yeast mutants in the top2 gene showed that this enzymatic activity is required for segrega ...
antoniadi_et_al._2015.
... et al., 2005), their biological importance remains to be fully ascertained. Genetic studies of both PUPs and ENTs are hampered by the large number of genes in each family and by the fact that the proteins appear also to transport non-CK purine molecules in addition to CKs. The ATP binding cassette t ...
... et al., 2005), their biological importance remains to be fully ascertained. Genetic studies of both PUPs and ENTs are hampered by the large number of genes in each family and by the fact that the proteins appear also to transport non-CK purine molecules in addition to CKs. The ATP binding cassette t ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.