Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant
... However, despite the prominent role of auxin, pattern-generating mechanisms are diverse and it is still in discussion if auxin is the primary signal for founder cell specification. ...
... However, despite the prominent role of auxin, pattern-generating mechanisms are diverse and it is still in discussion if auxin is the primary signal for founder cell specification. ...
Cytokinin–auxin crosstalk
... Figure 2. Cytokinin and auxin crosstalk during root meristem size determination. Longitudinal view of the Arabidopsis root meristem, where the stem cell niche (STN) [48], the proximal meristem (PM), the elongation differentiation zone (EDZ) and the transition zone (TZ) can be identified [4]. The TZ ...
... Figure 2. Cytokinin and auxin crosstalk during root meristem size determination. Longitudinal view of the Arabidopsis root meristem, where the stem cell niche (STN) [48], the proximal meristem (PM), the elongation differentiation zone (EDZ) and the transition zone (TZ) can be identified [4]. The TZ ...
Full Paper - Calcutta Research Group
... Collector for the first time. Dammalapati garu, who took me to the collector’s office is an important person in the Guntur political circles and a prominent man at the Sri Venkateswarswami temple1 in Guntur. He was visiting the Collector at his camp office with two of his friends to seek permission ...
... Collector for the first time. Dammalapati garu, who took me to the collector’s office is an important person in the Guntur political circles and a prominent man at the Sri Venkateswarswami temple1 in Guntur. He was visiting the Collector at his camp office with two of his friends to seek permission ...
Ultrastructure of the Epidermal Cell Wall and Cuticle of Tomato Fruit
... outer epidermal wall, and the lamellate arrangement of the non-cutinized cell wall. Changes in this ...
... outer epidermal wall, and the lamellate arrangement of the non-cutinized cell wall. Changes in this ...
Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in neurodegenerative and
... this, in turn, helps to recruit ATG16L1 to sites of autophagosome formation (Dooley et al., 2014). Some of these signals act via the ATG6 orthologue Beclin 1, which stimulates VPS34 activity (Furuya et al., 2005; Russell et al., 2013). However, PI3P-independent forms of autophagy have also been desc ...
... this, in turn, helps to recruit ATG16L1 to sites of autophagosome formation (Dooley et al., 2014). Some of these signals act via the ATG6 orthologue Beclin 1, which stimulates VPS34 activity (Furuya et al., 2005; Russell et al., 2013). However, PI3P-independent forms of autophagy have also been desc ...
New Functions of APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase in the Nervous System
... Abstract: The E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) regulates important processes in cells, such as the cell cycle, by targeting a set of substrates for degradation. In the last decade, APC/C has been related to several major functions in the nervous system, including axon ...
... Abstract: The E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) regulates important processes in cells, such as the cell cycle, by targeting a set of substrates for degradation. In the last decade, APC/C has been related to several major functions in the nervous system, including axon ...
Full-Text PDF
... factor [28]. The timescale of the response of growth cones to SHH protein in culture indicates that this effect is independent of transcription and, consistently, GLIs are not involved in these responses which are mediated via phosphorylation of Src family kinases [29,30] and possibly via an intrace ...
... factor [28]. The timescale of the response of growth cones to SHH protein in culture indicates that this effect is independent of transcription and, consistently, GLIs are not involved in these responses which are mediated via phosphorylation of Src family kinases [29,30] and possibly via an intrace ...
Diapositive 1
... described in Material and Methods by MALDI-TOFF mass spectrometry (A) and Edman degradation (B), thus identifying S124 and S223 as Par-4 phosphorylated residues. (B) Edman degradation data showed that peptides P1/P1’ and P2 were phosphorylated at the amino-acid position number 4 and 8, respectively. ...
... described in Material and Methods by MALDI-TOFF mass spectrometry (A) and Edman degradation (B), thus identifying S124 and S223 as Par-4 phosphorylated residues. (B) Edman degradation data showed that peptides P1/P1’ and P2 were phosphorylated at the amino-acid position number 4 and 8, respectively. ...
An Auxin Gradient and Maximum in the Arabidopsis
... Since each technical replicate consisted of a known but variable number of protoplasts (usually ;150,000 to 200,000) of different sizes, we normalized their IAA concentrations according to their weight, calculated from size measurements, as follows. First, the diameter of the GFP-expressing protopla ...
... Since each technical replicate consisted of a known but variable number of protoplasts (usually ;150,000 to 200,000) of different sizes, we normalized their IAA concentrations according to their weight, calculated from size measurements, as follows. First, the diameter of the GFP-expressing protopla ...
Endogenous Drp1 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy and Protects
... 3D), suggesting that endogenous Drp1 protects CMs against apoptosis during GD. We evaluated the role of endogenous Drp1 in mediating autophagy in response to GD. Four hours of GD significantly increased the number of GFP-LC3 dots in Ad-shScr-transduced CMs, but this increase was significantly attenu ...
... 3D), suggesting that endogenous Drp1 protects CMs against apoptosis during GD. We evaluated the role of endogenous Drp1 in mediating autophagy in response to GD. Four hours of GD significantly increased the number of GFP-LC3 dots in Ad-shScr-transduced CMs, but this increase was significantly attenu ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... endodermis are almost completely enwrapped by a thin cytoplasmic layer and vacuolar membrane, whereas amyloplasts are left in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells in the mutants (Morita et al., 2002). When expressed under the control of the SCARECROW promoter (ProSCR), whic ...
... endodermis are almost completely enwrapped by a thin cytoplasmic layer and vacuolar membrane, whereas amyloplasts are left in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells in the mutants (Morita et al., 2002). When expressed under the control of the SCARECROW promoter (ProSCR), whic ...
2386 East Heritage Way, Suite B, Salt Lake City, Utah 84109 USA
... epidermis; (IRS) inner root sheath; (mat) matrix; (ORS) outer root sheath; (SG) sebaceous gland. ...
... epidermis; (IRS) inner root sheath; (mat) matrix; (ORS) outer root sheath; (SG) sebaceous gland. ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... occurs within the first three weeks of life during the same time when cardiomyocytes loose the ability to undergo cytokinesis it has been speculated that both events are caused by similar mechanism and represent two sides of the same coin. According to this view the increase of polyploidy might be a ...
... occurs within the first three weeks of life during the same time when cardiomyocytes loose the ability to undergo cytokinesis it has been speculated that both events are caused by similar mechanism and represent two sides of the same coin. According to this view the increase of polyploidy might be a ...
A Cellular Hypothesis for the Induction of Blossom
... Background The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) is generally associated with a calcium (Ca) deficiency in the distal portion of tomato fruits. The visible symptom is a necrotic lesion, which is presumed to be a consequence of cell death and the subsequent leakage of solutes into the extracellula ...
... Background The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) is generally associated with a calcium (Ca) deficiency in the distal portion of tomato fruits. The visible symptom is a necrotic lesion, which is presumed to be a consequence of cell death and the subsequent leakage of solutes into the extracellula ...
Bax cleavage is mediated by calpain during drug-induced
... leupeptin, IAA, NEM and substantially blocked by the tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk (Lazebnik et al., 1994). The activity was not inhibited by the speci®c tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-3, AcDEVD-CHO (Nicholson et al., 1995). Reports have shown that caspases are insensitive to E ...
... leupeptin, IAA, NEM and substantially blocked by the tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk (Lazebnik et al., 1994). The activity was not inhibited by the speci®c tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-3, AcDEVD-CHO (Nicholson et al., 1995). Reports have shown that caspases are insensitive to E ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
Up-regulation of junctophilin-2 prevents ER stress and apoptosis in
... Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, and reperfusion which can restore blood flow is the primary therapy. However, reperfusion can induce further damage to cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining ...
... Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, and reperfusion which can restore blood flow is the primary therapy. However, reperfusion can induce further damage to cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining ...
A Novel Form of DAP5 Protein Accumulates in Apoptotic Cells as a
... GII, devoid of its N terminus, which results from infections by several members of the picornavirus family. These cleaved C-terminal fragments of eIF4GI/GII fail to mediate cap-dependent translation (5, 13, 20, 35) but promote cap-independent translation via internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) (5, ...
... GII, devoid of its N terminus, which results from infections by several members of the picornavirus family. These cleaved C-terminal fragments of eIF4GI/GII fail to mediate cap-dependent translation (5, 13, 20, 35) but promote cap-independent translation via internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) (5, ...
The lysosome as a command-and-control center for cellular
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
The lysosome as a command-and-control center for cellular
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
PDF - Potter Lab
... (Bohni et al., 1999; Leevers et al., 1996; Verdu et al., 1999; Weinkove et al., 1999). Overexpression of these genes leads to opposite effects. A downstream component of the pathway, Drosophila S6kinase (dS6k), affects cell and organ size, but not cell number (Montagne et al., 1999). Inactivation of ...
... (Bohni et al., 1999; Leevers et al., 1996; Verdu et al., 1999; Weinkove et al., 1999). Overexpression of these genes leads to opposite effects. A downstream component of the pathway, Drosophila S6kinase (dS6k), affects cell and organ size, but not cell number (Montagne et al., 1999). Inactivation of ...
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self
... School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK ...
... School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK ...
Suppressor analysis of the protein kinase Elm1p, an enzyme
... known as invasive growth (116). Haploid cells undergoing this differentiation alter their bud site selection, slightly elongate, and require many of the same elements used in the mating MAP kinase cascade. Diploid yeast cells can enter an alternative growth mode when there are adequate sources of ca ...
... known as invasive growth (116). Haploid cells undergoing this differentiation alter their bud site selection, slightly elongate, and require many of the same elements used in the mating MAP kinase cascade. Diploid yeast cells can enter an alternative growth mode when there are adequate sources of ca ...
Developing Technology-Based Biology Assessments for Cell
... While the expectations of the modern education system are expanding, effective methods of assessing student knowledge have become outdated. To fully capture the levels of knowledge of individual students, there is a need for active learning methods and applications in which students can utilize crit ...
... While the expectations of the modern education system are expanding, effective methods of assessing student knowledge have become outdated. To fully capture the levels of knowledge of individual students, there is a need for active learning methods and applications in which students can utilize crit ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.