Actin branching in the initiation and maintenance of lamellipodia
... organized in a diagonal array. The thickness of Rac induced lamellipodia was generally less than observed in fibroblasts used in our previous study (Urban et al, 2010) and resulted in a corresponding improvement in resolution. Actin filaments were tracked through the tomograms using both manual and ...
... organized in a diagonal array. The thickness of Rac induced lamellipodia was generally less than observed in fibroblasts used in our previous study (Urban et al, 2010) and resulted in a corresponding improvement in resolution. Actin filaments were tracked through the tomograms using both manual and ...
Apical constriction
... mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Anstrom, 1992; Nance and Priess, 2002; Harrell and Goldstein, 2011; Williams et al., 2012). Apical constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contract ...
... mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Anstrom, 1992; Nance and Priess, 2002; Harrell and Goldstein, 2011; Williams et al., 2012). Apical constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contract ...
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
... mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Anstrom, 1992; Nance and Priess, 2002; Harrell and Goldstein, 2011; Williams et al., 2012). Apical constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contract ...
... mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Anstrom, 1992; Nance and Priess, 2002; Harrell and Goldstein, 2011; Williams et al., 2012). Apical constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contract ...
Involvement of Calcium Ion in the Stimulated Shoot Elongation of
... aquatic plants. Kennedy et al. (1992) reported the possible involvement of active fatty acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism in mitochondria during anoxia in barnyard grass and rice. Kemp and Small (1993) suggested that nitrate acts as an alternative acceptor of respiratory electrons. In pondweed ...
... aquatic plants. Kennedy et al. (1992) reported the possible involvement of active fatty acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism in mitochondria during anoxia in barnyard grass and rice. Kemp and Small (1993) suggested that nitrate acts as an alternative acceptor of respiratory electrons. In pondweed ...
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF NFκB
... I would like to extend thanks to my advisor, Louisa Wu, for her support and guidance during the last few years. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Lian Yong Gao and Dr. Leslie Pick, for their advice on my research and writing. The members (past and present) of the Wu lab hav ...
... I would like to extend thanks to my advisor, Louisa Wu, for her support and guidance during the last few years. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Lian Yong Gao and Dr. Leslie Pick, for their advice on my research and writing. The members (past and present) of the Wu lab hav ...
Quantitative analysis of changes in spatial distribution and plus
... microtubules: their numbers drop precipitously and the number of horned microtubule plus ends increases to ~80% (Fig. 3D, Fig. 4C). Another interesting finding is that, during all phragmoplast stages except the transitional stage (when 80% of the microtubules are disassembling), the proportion of mi ...
... microtubules: their numbers drop precipitously and the number of horned microtubule plus ends increases to ~80% (Fig. 3D, Fig. 4C). Another interesting finding is that, during all phragmoplast stages except the transitional stage (when 80% of the microtubules are disassembling), the proportion of mi ...
Enzymes That Scavenge Reactive Oxygen
... leaf senescence, CAT activity decreases, whereas the activity of enzymes that generate ROS such as urate oxidase and xanthine oxidase are stimulated (del Rio et al., 1998). Cell death that occurs during the pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR) is accompanied by an increase in the production ...
... leaf senescence, CAT activity decreases, whereas the activity of enzymes that generate ROS such as urate oxidase and xanthine oxidase are stimulated (del Rio et al., 1998). Cell death that occurs during the pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR) is accompanied by an increase in the production ...
BCL-6 Negatively Regulates Expression of the NF- p50 Subunit B1 p105/
... (10), cell cycle regulators p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 (10), regulator of plasma cell differentiation Blimp-1 (10 –12), and several chemokine genes (10, 13). The link between BCL-6 and Blimp-1, a master regulator of plasma cell differentiation, suggests that BCL-6 may facilitate transformation by inhibit ...
... (10), cell cycle regulators p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 (10), regulator of plasma cell differentiation Blimp-1 (10 –12), and several chemokine genes (10, 13). The link between BCL-6 and Blimp-1, a master regulator of plasma cell differentiation, suggests that BCL-6 may facilitate transformation by inhibit ...
Extracellular ATP Functions as an
... ATP is a vital molecule used by living organisms as a universal source of energy required to drive the cogwheels of intracellular biochemical reactions necessary for growth and development. Animal cells release ATP to the extracellular milieu, where it functions as the primary signaling cue at the e ...
... ATP is a vital molecule used by living organisms as a universal source of energy required to drive the cogwheels of intracellular biochemical reactions necessary for growth and development. Animal cells release ATP to the extracellular milieu, where it functions as the primary signaling cue at the e ...
- Wiley Online Library
... p53 is localized to the nucleus in which it can activate or repress the transcription of many genes involved in regulating the main cellular responses to stress, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis, among others (Fig 1; [3,6–10]). It has, therefore, been proposed that p53 ...
... p53 is localized to the nucleus in which it can activate or repress the transcription of many genes involved in regulating the main cellular responses to stress, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis, among others (Fig 1; [3,6–10]). It has, therefore, been proposed that p53 ...
Extracellular matrix of the charophycean green algae
... analysis suggests the presence of type I rhamnogalacturonan (RGI). Cross-OLQNLQJȕglucans are associated with cellulose microfibrils during land plant cell growth, and were found in the cell wall of CGA. The evidence of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) in the ...
... analysis suggests the presence of type I rhamnogalacturonan (RGI). Cross-OLQNLQJȕglucans are associated with cellulose microfibrils during land plant cell growth, and were found in the cell wall of CGA. The evidence of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) in the ...
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
... On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote later stages of stomata differentiation possibly acting on MPK3/ MPK6 or other MPKs [5]. This mode of action was suggested to set an inhibitory input at the entry point of the pathway, while for the cells that have already progressed well wit ...
... On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote later stages of stomata differentiation possibly acting on MPK3/ MPK6 or other MPKs [5]. This mode of action was suggested to set an inhibitory input at the entry point of the pathway, while for the cells that have already progressed well wit ...
Xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and
... xyloglucan-specific c(XXT1 and XXT2) have short and thick root hairs that often bulge at their tips (Zabotina et al. 2012), indicating that xyloglucan is required for normal expansion in tip-growing root hairs. A b-GalA-containing xyloglucan was reported to be exclusively present in Arabidopsis thal ...
... xyloglucan-specific c(XXT1 and XXT2) have short and thick root hairs that often bulge at their tips (Zabotina et al. 2012), indicating that xyloglucan is required for normal expansion in tip-growing root hairs. A b-GalA-containing xyloglucan was reported to be exclusively present in Arabidopsis thal ...
Location and Size of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Cell
... nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and retrorubral field (RrF) project to the striatum, cortex, and nucleus accumbens (Björklund and Lindvall, 1984). They modulate a variety of functions, such as movement, rewarding, cognition, and feeding (Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Cooper et al., 2001). A dy ...
... nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and retrorubral field (RrF) project to the striatum, cortex, and nucleus accumbens (Björklund and Lindvall, 1984). They modulate a variety of functions, such as movement, rewarding, cognition, and feeding (Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Cooper et al., 2001). A dy ...
Impact of invertase overexpression on cell size
... epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sugars, it was proposed that uptake of hexoses into expan ...
... epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sugars, it was proposed that uptake of hexoses into expan ...
The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning
... In recent years, studies have shown that the pathway of root hair morphogenesis, which is determined by genetically fixed, intrinsic developmental programs, and the environmental pathways that allow plants to adapt to prevailing conditions are intertwined in a sophisticated way. Knowledge of how the ...
... In recent years, studies have shown that the pathway of root hair morphogenesis, which is determined by genetically fixed, intrinsic developmental programs, and the environmental pathways that allow plants to adapt to prevailing conditions are intertwined in a sophisticated way. Knowledge of how the ...
A microfluidic culture platform for CNS axonal injury, regeneration
... chambers require the use of either NGF or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). CNS neurons involved in the pathology of most neurodegenerative diseases and injuries (for example, cortical, hippocampal and spinal cord neurons) have not been successfully cultured in Campenot chambers. These neuro ...
... chambers require the use of either NGF or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). CNS neurons involved in the pathology of most neurodegenerative diseases and injuries (for example, cortical, hippocampal and spinal cord neurons) have not been successfully cultured in Campenot chambers. These neuro ...
Practice Test Answer Key
... b. control the amount of water entering the cell. c. remove waste materials from the cell. d. remove excess water from the cell. ____ 13. Plant and animal cells are alike in that they both have a. cell walls. c. cell membranes. b. chloroplasts. d. all of these. ____ 14. One cell part that is found i ...
... b. control the amount of water entering the cell. c. remove waste materials from the cell. d. remove excess water from the cell. ____ 13. Plant and animal cells are alike in that they both have a. cell walls. c. cell membranes. b. chloroplasts. d. all of these. ____ 14. One cell part that is found i ...
Induction of Apoptosis through B-cell Receptor Cross-linking
... AICD, the contribution of either and the exact molecular events through which AICD commences are still unknown. Here we show that in Ramos B-cells, BcR-triggered cell death is associated with an early rise of C16 ceramide that derives from activation of the de novo pathway, as demonstrated using a s ...
... AICD, the contribution of either and the exact molecular events through which AICD commences are still unknown. Here we show that in Ramos B-cells, BcR-triggered cell death is associated with an early rise of C16 ceramide that derives from activation of the de novo pathway, as demonstrated using a s ...
Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis Induced by Mitochondrial
... TR3, an immediate-early response gene and an orphan member of the steroidthyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates apoptosis through an unknown mechanism. In response to apoptotic stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome ...
... TR3, an immediate-early response gene and an orphan member of the steroidthyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates apoptosis through an unknown mechanism. In response to apoptotic stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... situation for macroautophagy, since starvation also fails to promote membraneassociated LC3-II formation in GFP-LC3 mice (25). This of course does not negate the importance of macroautophagy in the nervous system, which is now widely appreciated. In fact, we have found Lamp2a levels in the brain, a ...
... situation for macroautophagy, since starvation also fails to promote membraneassociated LC3-II formation in GFP-LC3 mice (25). This of course does not negate the importance of macroautophagy in the nervous system, which is now widely appreciated. In fact, we have found Lamp2a levels in the brain, a ...
Glutamate Decreases Mitochondrial Size and Movement in Primary
... the effective delivery of mitochondria to the appropriate location within neurons is also likely to influence their function. In this study we examined mitochondrial movement and morphology in primary cultures of rat forebrain using a mitochondrially targeted enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (mt- ...
... the effective delivery of mitochondria to the appropriate location within neurons is also likely to influence their function. In this study we examined mitochondrial movement and morphology in primary cultures of rat forebrain using a mitochondrially targeted enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (mt- ...
Western et al., 2001 - UBC Blogs
... ones (TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, GLABRA2, and APETALA2) were characterized. Our results show that the genes identified define several events in seed coat differentiation. Although APETALA2 is needed for differentiation of both outer layers of the seed coat, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, GLABRA2, and MU ...
... ones (TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, GLABRA2, and APETALA2) were characterized. Our results show that the genes identified define several events in seed coat differentiation. Although APETALA2 is needed for differentiation of both outer layers of the seed coat, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, GLABRA2, and MU ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.