Hormonal regulation of stem cell maintenance in roots
... which is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Auxin-bound TIR1/AFBs targets the transcriptional repressor of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family for proteosome-mediated degradation. Without auxin, the Aux/ IAA repressor is bound to auxin response factors (ARFs). After the prot ...
... which is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Auxin-bound TIR1/AFBs targets the transcriptional repressor of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family for proteosome-mediated degradation. Without auxin, the Aux/ IAA repressor is bound to auxin response factors (ARFs). After the prot ...
Plant grafting: Insights into tissue regeneration
... The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] ...
... The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] ...
Autophagy in Plasmodium, a multifunctional pathway?
... Abstract: Autophagy is a catabolic process that normally utilizes the lysosome. The far-reaching implications of this system in disease are being increasingly understood. Studying autophagy is complicated by its role in cell survival and programmed cell death and the involvement of the canonical mar ...
... Abstract: Autophagy is a catabolic process that normally utilizes the lysosome. The far-reaching implications of this system in disease are being increasingly understood. Studying autophagy is complicated by its role in cell survival and programmed cell death and the involvement of the canonical mar ...
Regulatory Mechanisms for Specification and Patterning of Plant
... Plant vascular tissues, the conduits of water, nutrients, and small molecules, play important roles in plant growth and development. Vascular tissues have allowed plants to successfully adapt to various environmental conditions since they evolved 450 Mya. The majority of plant biomass, an important ...
... Plant vascular tissues, the conduits of water, nutrients, and small molecules, play important roles in plant growth and development. Vascular tissues have allowed plants to successfully adapt to various environmental conditions since they evolved 450 Mya. The majority of plant biomass, an important ...
processing of defensive pigment in aplysia californica: acquisition
... not know (1) where or how A. californica acquires pigment from the red algal cells; (2) where the snail separates the chromophore from the protein component of phycoerythrin; (3) how, and in what form, the red algal pigment gets to the ink gland; (4) what cellular mechanisms are involved in the conc ...
... not know (1) where or how A. californica acquires pigment from the red algal cells; (2) where the snail separates the chromophore from the protein component of phycoerythrin; (3) how, and in what form, the red algal pigment gets to the ink gland; (4) what cellular mechanisms are involved in the conc ...
Direct interaction of FtsZ and MreB is required for septum synthesis
... Actin and tubulin homologues are essential for the coordination of internal processes in all cells. These common and conserved proteins form structural elements that make up the cytoskeleton, a dynamic protein network that orchestrates many cellular processes, including protein recruitment and traffi ...
... Actin and tubulin homologues are essential for the coordination of internal processes in all cells. These common and conserved proteins form structural elements that make up the cytoskeleton, a dynamic protein network that orchestrates many cellular processes, including protein recruitment and traffi ...
p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53dependent apoptosis
... Gln22Ser23 mutations) at the N-terminus of human p53 appear to disrupt both the transcriptional activation and repression activities of p53 (Lin et al., 1994; Murphy et al., 1996; Roemer et al., 1996). In response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses, the cellular levels of p53 protein are grea ...
... Gln22Ser23 mutations) at the N-terminus of human p53 appear to disrupt both the transcriptional activation and repression activities of p53 (Lin et al., 1994; Murphy et al., 1996; Roemer et al., 1996). In response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses, the cellular levels of p53 protein are grea ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... colorectal cancer cells (Munemitsu et al., 1995). However, we found no significant difference between the levels of endogenous β-catenin in COS-7 cells expressing RFP-GST or RFP-GST-APC-M (data not shown). This ruled out the possibility that microtubule plusend-localization and recruitment of endoge ...
... colorectal cancer cells (Munemitsu et al., 1995). However, we found no significant difference between the levels of endogenous β-catenin in COS-7 cells expressing RFP-GST or RFP-GST-APC-M (data not shown). This ruled out the possibility that microtubule plusend-localization and recruitment of endoge ...
pdf - Penn State University
... Before they mature, plant cells usually enlarge 10- to 1000fold in volume by a process that entails massive vacuolation and irreversible cell wall expansion. This increase in volume is accomplished mostly by uptake of water and requires relatively little increase in the amount of cytoplasm. In terms ...
... Before they mature, plant cells usually enlarge 10- to 1000fold in volume by a process that entails massive vacuolation and irreversible cell wall expansion. This increase in volume is accomplished mostly by uptake of water and requires relatively little increase in the amount of cytoplasm. In terms ...
Lysosomal Function and Dysfunction
... Although numerous studies have demonstrated lysosomalmediated cell death in culture, no clear evidence of LMP has been reported during physiological cell death. Recently, LMP-induced cell death has been implicated in the regression of the mammary gland after lactation (18). This process occurs upon ...
... Although numerous studies have demonstrated lysosomalmediated cell death in culture, no clear evidence of LMP has been reported during physiological cell death. Recently, LMP-induced cell death has been implicated in the regression of the mammary gland after lactation (18). This process occurs upon ...
Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA
... and sMTf compared to incubation without sMTf (Fig. 2A). This reduction of Fn suggests that sMTf treatment induces the degradation of Fn by generated plasmin. Interestingly, higher concentrations of plasminogen led to a 45% reduction in Fn detection, while the same experiment performed with 500 nM of ...
... and sMTf compared to incubation without sMTf (Fig. 2A). This reduction of Fn suggests that sMTf treatment induces the degradation of Fn by generated plasmin. Interestingly, higher concentrations of plasminogen led to a 45% reduction in Fn detection, while the same experiment performed with 500 nM of ...
Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Peroxidase
... Introduction Plant peroxidases are easy to detect, usually abun dant and therefore, have been extensively studied. For the biological function of plant peroxidase iso enzymes (i.e. basic and acidic) several physiological processes have been postulated: e.g. metabolism of organic compounds, lignin ...
... Introduction Plant peroxidases are easy to detect, usually abun dant and therefore, have been extensively studied. For the biological function of plant peroxidase iso enzymes (i.e. basic and acidic) several physiological processes have been postulated: e.g. metabolism of organic compounds, lignin ...
Medicinal Chemistry of Antifungal Agents
... Fungal infections fall into two distinct categories: ...
... Fungal infections fall into two distinct categories: ...
Shared versus Specialized Glycinergic Spinal Interneurons in Axial
... recordings of interneurons (from segments 8 –15) were conducted simultaneously with extracellular ventral motor root recordings (from segments 12–20) to monitor motor patterns. To test for possible adverse patch effects, we also performed cell-attached recordings to look at activity before breaking ...
... recordings of interneurons (from segments 8 –15) were conducted simultaneously with extracellular ventral motor root recordings (from segments 12–20) to monitor motor patterns. To test for possible adverse patch effects, we also performed cell-attached recordings to look at activity before breaking ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... orientation may be sensitive to the growth acceleration/ deceleration rather than growth itself. While it remains to be determined how microtubule orientation is regulated, it is evident that the rotation of the cellulose microfibril deposition is dependent on microtubule rotation as both microtubul ...
... orientation may be sensitive to the growth acceleration/ deceleration rather than growth itself. While it remains to be determined how microtubule orientation is regulated, it is evident that the rotation of the cellulose microfibril deposition is dependent on microtubule rotation as both microtubul ...
The zebrafish midblastula transition - Development
... indicating possible MBT-like cell cycle lengthening. In studies on the loach, Misgurnus fossilis, Rott and Shevelava (1967) found a more defined cell cycle lengthening, which did not occur until cycle 11, and, in the same study, they found the equivalent cell cycle lengthening in haploid embryos occ ...
... indicating possible MBT-like cell cycle lengthening. In studies on the loach, Misgurnus fossilis, Rott and Shevelava (1967) found a more defined cell cycle lengthening, which did not occur until cycle 11, and, in the same study, they found the equivalent cell cycle lengthening in haploid embryos occ ...
A model of chloroplast growth regulation in mesophyll cells
... constant for all cell plan areas. The third important observation is that irregularly shaped chloroplasts have more scatter, which means that chloroplast geometry matters. Here we propose a mechanism to explain this observed chloroplast growth regulation phenomenon. The ability to sense the collecti ...
... constant for all cell plan areas. The third important observation is that irregularly shaped chloroplasts have more scatter, which means that chloroplast geometry matters. Here we propose a mechanism to explain this observed chloroplast growth regulation phenomenon. The ability to sense the collecti ...
The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and
... that excessive autophagy aggravates muscle wasting and contributes to muscle weakness [25, 68, 111, 118, 122]. Indeed, autophagosome accumulation has been observed in nearly all myopathies [66]. However, recent evidence has indicated that basal autophagy is necessary to maintain muscle mass and prev ...
... that excessive autophagy aggravates muscle wasting and contributes to muscle weakness [25, 68, 111, 118, 122]. Indeed, autophagosome accumulation has been observed in nearly all myopathies [66]. However, recent evidence has indicated that basal autophagy is necessary to maintain muscle mass and prev ...
Cytomechanical properties of papaver pollen tubes are altered after
... has allowed us to obtain information on the physical state of the cytoplasm. Here we present data relating to studies on mechanical aspects of signal transduction and cellular response in the in vitro-grown pollen tubes of Papaver rhoeas (the field poppy) undergoing the self-incompatibility (SI) res ...
... has allowed us to obtain information on the physical state of the cytoplasm. Here we present data relating to studies on mechanical aspects of signal transduction and cellular response in the in vitro-grown pollen tubes of Papaver rhoeas (the field poppy) undergoing the self-incompatibility (SI) res ...
Specific Innervation of Neurons in the Paravertebral
... following paper (Yip, 1986b), I describe the formation of sympathetic ganglia in the chick and examine whether position along the neural tube prior to neural crest migration is a basis for recognition between pre- and postganglionic neurons. ...
... following paper (Yip, 1986b), I describe the formation of sympathetic ganglia in the chick and examine whether position along the neural tube prior to neural crest migration is a basis for recognition between pre- and postganglionic neurons. ...
Graft Rejection following Burn Injury Mechanism for Effective
... with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
... with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
Functional Utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) Digestive
... material – cutin (Casparian strip). This wall is thickened especially at the base of the cell, where the middle cell is linked with the basal cell. The lateral wall apparently is brittle, because it fractures easily during material processing. The cell is strongly polarized. The vacuole occupies the ...
... material – cutin (Casparian strip). This wall is thickened especially at the base of the cell, where the middle cell is linked with the basal cell. The lateral wall apparently is brittle, because it fractures easily during material processing. The cell is strongly polarized. The vacuole occupies the ...
Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis
... The importance of necrotic cell death has been illustrated by several recent findings. Breeding onto a RIP3 knockout background rescues the developmental defects of caspase-8 knockout mice. This indicates that the cardiac, vascular, and hematopoietic defects that occur during the development of casp ...
... The importance of necrotic cell death has been illustrated by several recent findings. Breeding onto a RIP3 knockout background rescues the developmental defects of caspase-8 knockout mice. This indicates that the cardiac, vascular, and hematopoietic defects that occur during the development of casp ...
Auxin and the Communication Between Plant Cells
... This nitrogenase dates back to the earliest, anoxic phases of life on this planet and is therefore highly sensitive to oxygen; therefore, to safeguard nitrogenase activity, any photosynthetic activity has to be excluded from heterocysts. These cells are therefore hypocellular with respect to assimil ...
... This nitrogenase dates back to the earliest, anoxic phases of life on this planet and is therefore highly sensitive to oxygen; therefore, to safeguard nitrogenase activity, any photosynthetic activity has to be excluded from heterocysts. These cells are therefore hypocellular with respect to assimil ...
Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in
... extensively analyzed organelle movement in a variety of plant species including algae, mosses, ferns and angiosperms (Haupt and Scheuerlin 1990, Wada et al. 2003). In general, chloroplasts move towards low-intensity light, resulting in accumulation along the periclinal walls (accumulation response) ...
... extensively analyzed organelle movement in a variety of plant species including algae, mosses, ferns and angiosperms (Haupt and Scheuerlin 1990, Wada et al. 2003). In general, chloroplasts move towards low-intensity light, resulting in accumulation along the periclinal walls (accumulation response) ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.