Summary: Carbohydrates
... Classes of Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield such compounds upon hydrolysis. carbohydrates can exist either as single units (monosaccharides) or joined together in molecules ranging from two units (disaccharides) to hundreds of units (polysac ...
... Classes of Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield such compounds upon hydrolysis. carbohydrates can exist either as single units (monosaccharides) or joined together in molecules ranging from two units (disaccharides) to hundreds of units (polysac ...
CP Organic Compounds
... that do not dissolve in water Store energy efficiently Fatty Acids: building blocks of lipids ...
... that do not dissolve in water Store energy efficiently Fatty Acids: building blocks of lipids ...
Nutrition Notes
... Simple carbohydrates are all sugars. Some of them are sucrose (cane or beet sugar), lactose (milk sugar) and fructose (fruit sugar). The simplest form is glucose, the form in which carbohydrates are eventually absorbed and transported through the body. Simple carbohydrates are sometimes referred to ...
... Simple carbohydrates are all sugars. Some of them are sucrose (cane or beet sugar), lactose (milk sugar) and fructose (fruit sugar). The simplest form is glucose, the form in which carbohydrates are eventually absorbed and transported through the body. Simple carbohydrates are sometimes referred to ...
Document
... • Starches are storage forms of glucose found in plants • They are polymers of a linked glucose • If the links are: – Only 1,4 links, the polymer is linear = amylose • Amylose usually assumes a helical configuration with six glucose units per turn • Comprises about 80% of plant starch ...
... • Starches are storage forms of glucose found in plants • They are polymers of a linked glucose • If the links are: – Only 1,4 links, the polymer is linear = amylose • Amylose usually assumes a helical configuration with six glucose units per turn • Comprises about 80% of plant starch ...
Introduction to Biochemistry
... D and L Notations In a Fischer projection, the −OH group on the • chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group determines an L or D isomer. • left is assigned the letter L for the L-form. • right is assigned the letter D for the D-form. ...
... D and L Notations In a Fischer projection, the −OH group on the • chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group determines an L or D isomer. • left is assigned the letter L for the L-form. • right is assigned the letter D for the D-form. ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... -NH2, amino group • Monomers - building blocks of organic compounds • Polymers - large molecule formed from linking monomers together • Macromolecule - very large molecule (polymers joined) • Isomer-molecules with same chem formula but different structural formula ...
... -NH2, amino group • Monomers - building blocks of organic compounds • Polymers - large molecule formed from linking monomers together • Macromolecule - very large molecule (polymers joined) • Isomer-molecules with same chem formula but different structural formula ...
Part II Biochemistry
... to life. Through photosynthesis, plants convert atmospheric carbon dioxide to carbohydrates, mainly cellulose, starch, and sugars. Cellulose is the building block of rigid cell walls and woody tissues in plants, whereas starch is the chief storage form of carbohydrates for later use as a food or ...
... to life. Through photosynthesis, plants convert atmospheric carbon dioxide to carbohydrates, mainly cellulose, starch, and sugars. Cellulose is the building block of rigid cell walls and woody tissues in plants, whereas starch is the chief storage form of carbohydrates for later use as a food or ...
Organic Macromolecules
... or rings; many different compounds are possible A polymer is a large molecule made of many small molecules (monomers) Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula(C6H12O6), but different structures ...
... or rings; many different compounds are possible A polymer is a large molecule made of many small molecules (monomers) Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula(C6H12O6), but different structures ...
Chapter 25 Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
... hemiacetal in sugars. • Five- and six-membered rings are stable. • The formation of a cyclic hemiactal creates an additional chiral center creating two diasteromeric forms called anomer, which are designated α and β. – α: the OH at the anomer center is on the same side as the hydroxyl that determine ...
... hemiacetal in sugars. • Five- and six-membered rings are stable. • The formation of a cyclic hemiactal creates an additional chiral center creating two diasteromeric forms called anomer, which are designated α and β. – α: the OH at the anomer center is on the same side as the hydroxyl that determine ...
Carbohydrates: Simple Sugars and Complex Chains
... (feeling full) does not feel full drink more more calories • However, note that overconsumption of any forms of sugar will contribute to weight gain. ...
... (feeling full) does not feel full drink more more calories • However, note that overconsumption of any forms of sugar will contribute to weight gain. ...
Cell Molecules
... water molecule attaches where the covalent bond used to be. – Hydrolysis reactions dominate the digestive process, guided by specific enzymes. ...
... water molecule attaches where the covalent bond used to be. – Hydrolysis reactions dominate the digestive process, guided by specific enzymes. ...
The Chemistry of Life - CR Jefferson UL Biology
... – glucose + fructose • Lactose – glucose + galactose • broken down by hydrolysis – addition of water molecule ...
... – glucose + fructose • Lactose – glucose + galactose • broken down by hydrolysis – addition of water molecule ...
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
... Chemistry •Every compound contains carbon •Carbon is able to form 4 covalent bonds and take on many shapes (rings and chains) •Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds •Other common elements include: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Hydrogen ...
... Chemistry •Every compound contains carbon •Carbon is able to form 4 covalent bonds and take on many shapes (rings and chains) •Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds •Other common elements include: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Hydrogen ...
Summary for Chapter 4 – The Carbohydrates: Sugars
... In the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, the body breaks down starches into the disaccharide maltose. Maltose and the other disaccharides (lactose and sucrose) from foods are broken down into monosaccharides. Then monosaccharides are converted mostly to glucose to provide energy for the cel ...
... In the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, the body breaks down starches into the disaccharide maltose. Maltose and the other disaccharides (lactose and sucrose) from foods are broken down into monosaccharides. Then monosaccharides are converted mostly to glucose to provide energy for the cel ...
BIOCHEMISTRY - losalusd.k12.ca.us
... A carbon atom has 4 electrons in the outer most level It can form four covalent bonds with other atoms ...
... A carbon atom has 4 electrons in the outer most level It can form four covalent bonds with other atoms ...
Chapter 2
... - includes sugars, starches, and cellulose Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides – simple sugars of 3 – 7 carbon atoms that exist as one sugar unit. - in living systems: 5 carbon molecule – pentose e.g. ribose 6 carbon molecule – hexose e.g. glucose - monosaccharides are usually sweet in taste. Di ...
... - includes sugars, starches, and cellulose Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides – simple sugars of 3 – 7 carbon atoms that exist as one sugar unit. - in living systems: 5 carbon molecule – pentose e.g. ribose 6 carbon molecule – hexose e.g. glucose - monosaccharides are usually sweet in taste. Di ...
الشريحة 1
... Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature • The empiric formula for many of the simpler carbohydrates is (CH2O)n, hence the name “hydrate of carbon” • Carbohydrates are classified as: ...
... Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature • The empiric formula for many of the simpler carbohydrates is (CH2O)n, hence the name “hydrate of carbon” • Carbohydrates are classified as: ...
Assignment # Carbohydrates
... carbon atoms bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements. These other elements commonly include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P). The overall percentages of the major elements of life are uniform in all organisms. ...
... carbon atoms bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements. These other elements commonly include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P). The overall percentages of the major elements of life are uniform in all organisms. ...
CARBOHYDRATES PROBLEMS Label the chiral centers as `R` or `S
... h) the polysaccharide imparting strength and rigidity to plants ............................................ i) ...
... h) the polysaccharide imparting strength and rigidity to plants ............................................ i) ...
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of saccharide, a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. In general, the monosaccharides and disaccharides, which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον (sákkharon), meaning ""sugar."" While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix -ose. For example, grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration).Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g., ATP, FAD and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development.In food science and in many informal contexts, the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (such as cereals, bread and pasta) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar (found in candy, jams, and desserts).