Chapter 20 Carbohydrates
... ◦ Example: When either a-D-glucose or b-D-glucose is dissolved in water, the specific rotation of the solution gradually changes to an equilibrium value of +52.7°, which corresponds to 64% beta and ...
... ◦ Example: When either a-D-glucose or b-D-glucose is dissolved in water, the specific rotation of the solution gradually changes to an equilibrium value of +52.7°, which corresponds to 64% beta and ...
Carbohydrates
... -Aldohexose: an aldehyde sugar with 6 carbons When writing D sugars: The lowest –OH group goes to the right, L-sugar the lowest –OH is on left Cyclic sugars: Cyclization by internal hemiacetal formation. Forms between C1 and C5. Haworth projections: Showing the ring sugars in a flat structure. Anome ...
... -Aldohexose: an aldehyde sugar with 6 carbons When writing D sugars: The lowest –OH group goes to the right, L-sugar the lowest –OH is on left Cyclic sugars: Cyclization by internal hemiacetal formation. Forms between C1 and C5. Haworth projections: Showing the ring sugars in a flat structure. Anome ...
Chapter 8: Carbohydrates energy
... compounds that yield polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones on hydrolysis Carbohydrates are very important to plants and animals Simple carbohydrates are formed by chlorophyll containing plants 6CO2 + 6H2O ...
... compounds that yield polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones on hydrolysis Carbohydrates are very important to plants and animals Simple carbohydrates are formed by chlorophyll containing plants 6CO2 + 6H2O ...
The learner will be able to identify how elements
... (proteins that form muscles) Disaccharidessucrose,lactose, maltose ...
... (proteins that form muscles) Disaccharidessucrose,lactose, maltose ...
Carbohydrates - Fuel and Building Material
... • Polysaccharides are polymers of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. (What is a polymer?) • One function of polysaccharides is as an energy storage macromolecule that is hydrolyzed as needed. • Other polysaccharides serve as building materials for the cell or who ...
... • Polysaccharides are polymers of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. (What is a polymer?) • One function of polysaccharides is as an energy storage macromolecule that is hydrolyzed as needed. • Other polysaccharides serve as building materials for the cell or who ...
WKS 3.3 - Blair Community Schools
... 1. The carbon atoms in large, complex biomolecules are bonded to other atoms with ____________________ bonds. 2. The four major classes of organic compounds are _____________________, ______________________, ______________________, and nucleic acids. 3. The building blocks of carbohydrates are _____ ...
... 1. The carbon atoms in large, complex biomolecules are bonded to other atoms with ____________________ bonds. 2. The four major classes of organic compounds are _____________________, ______________________, ______________________, and nucleic acids. 3. The building blocks of carbohydrates are _____ ...
No Slide Title
... • Sugars frequently comprise 50% or more of the total molecular weight of a glycoprotein • Most glycosylated proteins are either ...
... • Sugars frequently comprise 50% or more of the total molecular weight of a glycoprotein • Most glycosylated proteins are either ...
Bio 98 - Lecture 11 Carbohydrates
... • Sugars frequently comprise 50% or more of the total molecular weight of a glycoprotein • Most glycosylated proteins are either ...
... • Sugars frequently comprise 50% or more of the total molecular weight of a glycoprotein • Most glycosylated proteins are either ...
1. What are the different kinds of carbohydrates? Be able to define
... written formulas? Be able to explain relationships among open-chain and cyclic monosaccharide structures, describe the isomers of monosaccharides, and show how they are represented by Fischer projections and cyclic structural formulas. ...
... written formulas? Be able to explain relationships among open-chain and cyclic monosaccharide structures, describe the isomers of monosaccharides, and show how they are represented by Fischer projections and cyclic structural formulas. ...
PPT CH 16
... • Cellulose is the major structural polymer in plants • It is a liner homopolymer composed of -Dglucose units linked -1,4 • The repeating disaccharide of cellulose is cellobiose • Animals lack the enzymes necessary to hydrolyze cellulose • The bacteria in ruminants (e.g., cows) can digest cellulo ...
... • Cellulose is the major structural polymer in plants • It is a liner homopolymer composed of -Dglucose units linked -1,4 • The repeating disaccharide of cellulose is cellobiose • Animals lack the enzymes necessary to hydrolyze cellulose • The bacteria in ruminants (e.g., cows) can digest cellulo ...
Molecular Modeling Activity for Carbohydrates
... Just as double sugars were formed from two single sugar molecules using a dehydration synthesis reaction, polysaccharides and water molecules are formed when many single sugars are chemically joined together. The prefix “poly-” means many. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three most common po ...
... Just as double sugars were formed from two single sugar molecules using a dehydration synthesis reaction, polysaccharides and water molecules are formed when many single sugars are chemically joined together. The prefix “poly-” means many. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three most common po ...
Polymerisation IMPORTANT POINTS • Polymerisation is
... Polymerisation is the formation of a large molecule from smaller units called monomers. Monomers containing the C=C can add together to form polymers (addition) or two units can react together to eliminate a small molecule such as water (condensation). Polysaccharides such as starch can be broken do ...
... Polymerisation is the formation of a large molecule from smaller units called monomers. Monomers containing the C=C can add together to form polymers (addition) or two units can react together to eliminate a small molecule such as water (condensation). Polysaccharides such as starch can be broken do ...
LESSON ON CARBOHYDRATES – Simple and complex I tell my
... In English we talk about prefixes – Mono means 1; di means 2; poly means many. In Food science we talk about saccharides. There are 3 different mono saccharides - Fructose (fruit sugar) Glucose (blood sugar) and galactose which is never found alone in nature so we don’t spend time talking about it. ...
... In English we talk about prefixes – Mono means 1; di means 2; poly means many. In Food science we talk about saccharides. There are 3 different mono saccharides - Fructose (fruit sugar) Glucose (blood sugar) and galactose which is never found alone in nature so we don’t spend time talking about it. ...
Macromolecules
... Disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides (complex sugars - sucrose) Polysaccharide – many monosaccharides (starch, cellulose) Names end in -ose ...
... Disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides (complex sugars - sucrose) Polysaccharide – many monosaccharides (starch, cellulose) Names end in -ose ...
Carbohydrates - Fuel and Building Material
... • Starch is a storage polysaccharide composed entirely of glucose monomers. – Most monomers are joined by linkages between the #1 carbon of one glucose and the #4 carbon of the next glucose molecule (see slide 7). Referred to as 1-4 linkages. – One unbranched form of starch, amylose, forms a helix. ...
... • Starch is a storage polysaccharide composed entirely of glucose monomers. – Most monomers are joined by linkages between the #1 carbon of one glucose and the #4 carbon of the next glucose molecule (see slide 7). Referred to as 1-4 linkages. – One unbranched form of starch, amylose, forms a helix. ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... the name carbohydrate (general formula (CH2O)N). Each carbon is bound to one oxygen. The first or the second carbon is a C=O. 1. The simplest monosaccharides contain three carbons (dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehydes) 2. When the C=O group is at the 2nd position it's called an ketose, because the func ...
... the name carbohydrate (general formula (CH2O)N). Each carbon is bound to one oxygen. The first or the second carbon is a C=O. 1. The simplest monosaccharides contain three carbons (dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehydes) 2. When the C=O group is at the 2nd position it's called an ketose, because the func ...
L refers to the left hand orientation of the OH on the chiral carbon
... corresponding to approximately 2200 glucose units per molecule • cellulose molecules act like stiff rods and align themselves side by side into well-organized waterinsoluble fibers in which the OH groups form numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds • this arrangement of parallel chains in bundles giv ...
... corresponding to approximately 2200 glucose units per molecule • cellulose molecules act like stiff rods and align themselves side by side into well-organized waterinsoluble fibers in which the OH groups form numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds • this arrangement of parallel chains in bundles giv ...
Chapter 5 Ans
... Molecules formed from fat when cells do not have enough available carbohydrate to break down fat completely are called ketone bodies. ...
... Molecules formed from fat when cells do not have enough available carbohydrate to break down fat completely are called ketone bodies. ...
ANN 202
... stereogenic centers (c) in the molecule. The upper limit for the number of possible stereoisomers is n = 2c. The only monosaccharide without an isomer is dihydroxyacetone or DHA. Monosaccharides are classified according to their molecular configuration at the chiral carbon furthest removed from the ...
... stereogenic centers (c) in the molecule. The upper limit for the number of possible stereoisomers is n = 2c. The only monosaccharide without an isomer is dihydroxyacetone or DHA. Monosaccharides are classified according to their molecular configuration at the chiral carbon furthest removed from the ...
Carbohydrates: Energy Source and Lots More! Chem 464 Spring
... • Pentoses and hexoses readily undergo intramolecular cyclization • The former carbonyl carbon becomes a new chiral center, called the anomeric carbon • The former carbonyl oxygen becomes a hydroxyl group; the position of this group determines if the anomer is α or β • If the hydroxyl group is on th ...
... • Pentoses and hexoses readily undergo intramolecular cyclization • The former carbonyl carbon becomes a new chiral center, called the anomeric carbon • The former carbonyl oxygen becomes a hydroxyl group; the position of this group determines if the anomer is α or β • If the hydroxyl group is on th ...
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of saccharide, a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. In general, the monosaccharides and disaccharides, which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον (sákkharon), meaning ""sugar."" While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix -ose. For example, grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration).Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g., ATP, FAD and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development.In food science and in many informal contexts, the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (such as cereals, bread and pasta) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar (found in candy, jams, and desserts).