Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals
... ITX070214R02 • Received: 02 April 2014 • Revised: 23 June 2014 • Accepted: 26 June 2014 ...
... ITX070214R02 • Received: 02 April 2014 • Revised: 23 June 2014 • Accepted: 26 June 2014 ...
Effect of different cyanobacterial biomasses and their fractions with
... the sample were the most toxic. On the other hand, eluate fractions of all samples containing microcystins in concentrations 8–255 g L−1 induced no or only weak toxic effects. Exposures of fish to permeate fractions (with removed microcystins) of two samples dominated by Aphanizomenon sp. and Plank ...
... the sample were the most toxic. On the other hand, eluate fractions of all samples containing microcystins in concentrations 8–255 g L−1 induced no or only weak toxic effects. Exposures of fish to permeate fractions (with removed microcystins) of two samples dominated by Aphanizomenon sp. and Plank ...
WayneBryden (95
... neural tube defects in babies.45 Interestingly, fumonisins perturb folate metabolism46 and folate deficiency is a known cause of neural tube defects in human embryos. Strategies for reducing mycotoxin risk In addition to the genetic capacity of the fungus, mycotoxin production depends on many factor ...
... neural tube defects in babies.45 Interestingly, fumonisins perturb folate metabolism46 and folate deficiency is a known cause of neural tube defects in human embryos. Strategies for reducing mycotoxin risk In addition to the genetic capacity of the fungus, mycotoxin production depends on many factor ...
Grade name: Slags, lead reverbatory smelting Substance: Slags
... Resp. Sens. 1; H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. Skin Sens. 1; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction. Repr. 1A; H360FD: May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child. Carc. 1A; H350: May cause cancer. Muta. 1B; H340: May cause genetic defects. S ...
... Resp. Sens. 1; H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. Skin Sens. 1; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction. Repr. 1A; H360FD: May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child. Carc. 1A; H350: May cause cancer. Muta. 1B; H340: May cause genetic defects. S ...
Medical factsheet
... These phenomena have been characterised as the "Bhopal eye syndrome"[12]. Respiratory toxicity Acute symptoms of the respiratory tract were mainly due to the irritant action of MIC on tissues. Because MIC is moderately soluble in water, lesions were seen in both the upper and lower respiratory tract ...
... These phenomena have been characterised as the "Bhopal eye syndrome"[12]. Respiratory toxicity Acute symptoms of the respiratory tract were mainly due to the irritant action of MIC on tissues. Because MIC is moderately soluble in water, lesions were seen in both the upper and lower respiratory tract ...
Glutathione-Related Enzyme Activity in Liver and Kidney of Rats
... 2. Cd group – the animals were administered an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at the concentration of 50 mg Cd/dm3 as the only drinking fluid; 3. EtOH group – the rats drank redistilled water and received EtOH p.o. in a total dose of 5 g/kg body wt./24 h divided into two equal doses of 2.5 ...
... 2. Cd group – the animals were administered an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at the concentration of 50 mg Cd/dm3 as the only drinking fluid; 3. EtOH group – the rats drank redistilled water and received EtOH p.o. in a total dose of 5 g/kg body wt./24 h divided into two equal doses of 2.5 ...
Phenylbutazone ("bute", PBZ)
... Gastrointestinal effects are the most important adverse effects of PBZ therapy in horses. Clinical signs include loss of appetite, depression, colic, weight loss, ventral edema, hypoproteinemia (low blood protein), and diarrhea. Hemorrhages and ulcers may occur in the mouth, esophagus, stomach, cecu ...
... Gastrointestinal effects are the most important adverse effects of PBZ therapy in horses. Clinical signs include loss of appetite, depression, colic, weight loss, ventral edema, hypoproteinemia (low blood protein), and diarrhea. Hemorrhages and ulcers may occur in the mouth, esophagus, stomach, cecu ...
Fluoride inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD)
... The hypothesis of competitive inhibition of SOD by F– also appears to be supported by the results of the in vitro study. In this case, in vitro exposure to 1.0 and 5.0 mM NaF showed decreases in the pattern of SOD activities that coincided closely with those from the in vivo study. These results ind ...
... The hypothesis of competitive inhibition of SOD by F– also appears to be supported by the results of the in vitro study. In this case, in vitro exposure to 1.0 and 5.0 mM NaF showed decreases in the pattern of SOD activities that coincided closely with those from the in vivo study. These results ind ...
Terms in Pred. Tox.
... as the toxicant physically occupies space in the biophase this type of toxicity is often referred to a “physical” toxicity nonspecific narcosis takes place as soon as a constant fraction of the total volume of some non-aqueous phase of the cell is occupied since baseline toxicants all act at c ...
... as the toxicant physically occupies space in the biophase this type of toxicity is often referred to a “physical” toxicity nonspecific narcosis takes place as soon as a constant fraction of the total volume of some non-aqueous phase of the cell is occupied since baseline toxicants all act at c ...
Contemporary Nutrition: Issues and Insight 6th ed. Gordon
... Generally readily excreted from body Subject to cooking losses Function as coenzymes Participate in energy metabolism 50-90% of B vitamins are absorbed ...
... Generally readily excreted from body Subject to cooking losses Function as coenzymes Participate in energy metabolism 50-90% of B vitamins are absorbed ...
Pophyria
... Newborns often have a yellowish tint to their skin. This condition is known as jaundice and results from the infant ridding itself of "fetal" hemoglobin which will be replaced by "adult" hemoglobin. As you will learn in this lecture, catabolic products from hemoglobin are removed by the liver. Howev ...
... Newborns often have a yellowish tint to their skin. This condition is known as jaundice and results from the infant ridding itself of "fetal" hemoglobin which will be replaced by "adult" hemoglobin. As you will learn in this lecture, catabolic products from hemoglobin are removed by the liver. Howev ...
2nd Amino Acid Workshop
... to evaluate manifestations of neurologic dysfunction (29), should be incorporated into animal studies of amino acids. Metabolic and physiological effects. High concentrations of certain amino acids such as glutamate, phenylalanine, cysteine or arginine are known to cause various, usually mild, effec ...
... to evaluate manifestations of neurologic dysfunction (29), should be incorporated into animal studies of amino acids. Metabolic and physiological effects. High concentrations of certain amino acids such as glutamate, phenylalanine, cysteine or arginine are known to cause various, usually mild, effec ...
poisoning - UWI Mona
... passive diffusion from stomach contents is a possibility. Obtaining blood from body cavities is to be discouraged due to contamination from other body substances. Urine, 100 - 200 ml via needle aspiration of the bladder. The stomach is removed between double ligatures, opened (some experts say a ...
... passive diffusion from stomach contents is a possibility. Obtaining blood from body cavities is to be discouraged due to contamination from other body substances. Urine, 100 - 200 ml via needle aspiration of the bladder. The stomach is removed between double ligatures, opened (some experts say a ...
Chapter 1
... neoplasma formation in the forestomach. This only occurred at high doses, which also caused severe local irritation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, and because of the negative in vitro assays, ethyl acrylate was not judged to be a genotoxic carcinogen (17). The acute toxicity of ethyl acrylate towards ...
... neoplasma formation in the forestomach. This only occurred at high doses, which also caused severe local irritation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, and because of the negative in vitro assays, ethyl acrylate was not judged to be a genotoxic carcinogen (17). The acute toxicity of ethyl acrylate towards ...
Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early
... species such as invertebrates, vertebrates and in many cases, human populations. Among other groups, Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Diatoms, Crysophytes and Dinoflagellates may synthesize compounds that are kept in most cases within the cells, but affect other organisms when the toxins are ingested or whe ...
... species such as invertebrates, vertebrates and in many cases, human populations. Among other groups, Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Diatoms, Crysophytes and Dinoflagellates may synthesize compounds that are kept in most cases within the cells, but affect other organisms when the toxins are ingested or whe ...
How to Determine if an Additional 10 Safety Factor Is Needed for
... doses and did not cause any developmental effects on the offspring with the two lower doses, showing that it was not a selective developmental neurotoxicant in the rat. Only at the highest dose, which was clearly maternally toxic, were transient effects seen in the pups that were suggestive of delay ...
... doses and did not cause any developmental effects on the offspring with the two lower doses, showing that it was not a selective developmental neurotoxicant in the rat. Only at the highest dose, which was clearly maternally toxic, were transient effects seen in the pups that were suggestive of delay ...
Lecture 7 SPECIFIC NEPHROTOXICANTS Heavy Metals Many
... polyene antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi. Clinical utility of amphotericin B is limited by its nephrotoxicity, characterized functionally by polyuria resistant to antidiuretic hormone administration, hyposthenuria, hypokalemia, and mild renal t ...
... polyene antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi. Clinical utility of amphotericin B is limited by its nephrotoxicity, characterized functionally by polyuria resistant to antidiuretic hormone administration, hyposthenuria, hypokalemia, and mild renal t ...
Project - MSCBIO 2025
... to severe pain. Marked as Schedule II controlled substance, it possesses an abuse liability, becoming one of the three most common overdose-involved prescription opioid. According to FDA drug labeling, concomitant use with CNS depressants can lead to higher overdose morbidity and mortality because t ...
... to severe pain. Marked as Schedule II controlled substance, it possesses an abuse liability, becoming one of the three most common overdose-involved prescription opioid. According to FDA drug labeling, concomitant use with CNS depressants can lead to higher overdose morbidity and mortality because t ...
Exam Study Guide
... Briefly describe the general rule of thumb with regard to age/developmental stage and sensitivity to toxicity. Explain the greater sensitivity of developing organisms to toxicity. Explain the greater sensitivity of aged organisms to toxicity. Describe the difficulty of studying toxicity in older age ...
... Briefly describe the general rule of thumb with regard to age/developmental stage and sensitivity to toxicity. Explain the greater sensitivity of developing organisms to toxicity. Explain the greater sensitivity of aged organisms to toxicity. Describe the difficulty of studying toxicity in older age ...
Codeine - ACuteTox
... Distribution: codeine is rapidly distributed from the intravascular spaces to the various body tissues, with preferential uptake by the liver, spleen, and kidneys [2]. Plasma half-life: 2.5-3.0 h [1]. Time to peak blood concentration: effects of codeine start at 10-30 min after ingestion, peak with ...
... Distribution: codeine is rapidly distributed from the intravascular spaces to the various body tissues, with preferential uptake by the liver, spleen, and kidneys [2]. Plasma half-life: 2.5-3.0 h [1]. Time to peak blood concentration: effects of codeine start at 10-30 min after ingestion, peak with ...
NA/654 - NICNAS
... The molecular structure of the free acid was used for the estimation of the dissociation behaviour (Schmiedel, 1997d). The dissociation constant for each of the four acidic protons [three arenesulfonic acids and one alkyl sulfuric acid] and four secondary amines found in the molecular structure were ...
... The molecular structure of the free acid was used for the estimation of the dissociation behaviour (Schmiedel, 1997d). The dissociation constant for each of the four acidic protons [three arenesulfonic acids and one alkyl sulfuric acid] and four secondary amines found in the molecular structure were ...
407 OECD GUIDELINES FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS OECD/OCDE
... In 1998, the OECD initiated a high-priority activity, to revise existing Test Guidelines and to develop new Test Guidelines for the screening and testing of potential endocrine disruptors (8). One element of the activity was to update the existing OECD guideline for “repeated dose 28-day oral toxici ...
... In 1998, the OECD initiated a high-priority activity, to revise existing Test Guidelines and to develop new Test Guidelines for the screening and testing of potential endocrine disruptors (8). One element of the activity was to update the existing OECD guideline for “repeated dose 28-day oral toxici ...
9.4 Overall Assessment of Toxicological Data
... linked with the fate of the particular item and in this state is not expected to impact on the environment. Paper based products containing the new dye would be disposed of into landfill, incinerated or possibly recycled. During recycling activities the dye would become associated with the fibrous m ...
... linked with the fate of the particular item and in this state is not expected to impact on the environment. Paper based products containing the new dye would be disposed of into landfill, incinerated or possibly recycled. During recycling activities the dye would become associated with the fibrous m ...
What is DDT? - National Pesticide Information Center
... large. However, the LD50/LC50 does not reflect any effects from long-term exposure (i.e., cancer, birth defects or reproductive toxicity) which may occur at doses below those used in short-term studies. ...
... large. However, the LD50/LC50 does not reflect any effects from long-term exposure (i.e., cancer, birth defects or reproductive toxicity) which may occur at doses below those used in short-term studies. ...
Mercury, lead and arsenic: Impact on environment and human health
... muscular weakness, brain damage, kidney damage and may even cause death (Martin and Griswold, 2009). Lead is a toxic heavy metal even at very low levels of exposure in humans. Its effect on the human body can be both acute and chronic depending on dose and exposure scenarios. Lead targets multiple o ...
... muscular weakness, brain damage, kidney damage and may even cause death (Martin and Griswold, 2009). Lead is a toxic heavy metal even at very low levels of exposure in humans. Its effect on the human body can be both acute and chronic depending on dose and exposure scenarios. Lead targets multiple o ...
Fumonisin B1
Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by several species of Fusarium molds, such as Fusarium verticillioides, which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple.Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfunction.