Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and its Effects on
... 3. Amberg, A. , Rosner, E. , & Dekant, W. (2001). Toxicokinetics of methyl tert-butyl ether and its metabolites in humans after oral exposure. Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 61(1), 62-67. 4. Belpoggi, F. , Soffritti, M. , & Maltoni, C. (1995). Methyl-terti ...
... 3. Amberg, A. , Rosner, E. , & Dekant, W. (2001). Toxicokinetics of methyl tert-butyl ether and its metabolites in humans after oral exposure. Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 61(1), 62-67. 4. Belpoggi, F. , Soffritti, M. , & Maltoni, C. (1995). Methyl-terti ...
Antioxidant Activity of Sulfur and Selenium: A Review of Reactive
... Erin E. Battin Æ Julia L. Brumaghim ...
... Erin E. Battin Æ Julia L. Brumaghim ...
6 Nitrate and Nitrite
... death) reflect the effects of anoxia on critical organs such as the brain and heart. Pregnant animals that survive episodes of acute NO3 poisoning during the latter part of pregnancy may abort within one to two weeks.333,337-340 Poisoning during earlier pregnancy does not usually result in abortion. ...
... death) reflect the effects of anoxia on critical organs such as the brain and heart. Pregnant animals that survive episodes of acute NO3 poisoning during the latter part of pregnancy may abort within one to two weeks.333,337-340 Poisoning during earlier pregnancy does not usually result in abortion. ...
Summary Aluminium And Aluminium Compounds
... exposure for four hours to concentrations of aluminium flakes of 200 and 1000 mg/m3, but not at exposures to 100 mg/m3. No data on acute dermal toxicity were available. Oral LD50 values in rats and mice ranged from 261 to 980 mg/kg bw for several water-soluble aluminium compounds. There were only a ...
... exposure for four hours to concentrations of aluminium flakes of 200 and 1000 mg/m3, but not at exposures to 100 mg/m3. No data on acute dermal toxicity were available. Oral LD50 values in rats and mice ranged from 261 to 980 mg/kg bw for several water-soluble aluminium compounds. There were only a ...
Chromium
... Chromium is a very complex and versatile metal whose harmful effects are heavily dependent on valence. In addition to metallic chromium (valence 0), other valences found in industry are the +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 combining states [1]. Chromium forms a number of compounds in various oxidation states. Tho ...
... Chromium is a very complex and versatile metal whose harmful effects are heavily dependent on valence. In addition to metallic chromium (valence 0), other valences found in industry are the +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 combining states [1]. Chromium forms a number of compounds in various oxidation states. Tho ...
Arsenic is a semi-metal element in the periodic table
... intraperitoneal injection). For a 70 kg human, this is about 53 grams. However, compounds containing arsenic can be significantly more toxic. Toxicity Arsenic and many of its compounds are extremely potent poisons. Arsenic disrupts ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citri ...
... intraperitoneal injection). For a 70 kg human, this is about 53 grams. However, compounds containing arsenic can be significantly more toxic. Toxicity Arsenic and many of its compounds are extremely potent poisons. Arsenic disrupts ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citri ...
Contaminants in the Urban Environment: Bisphenol-A1
... observed with BPA. The observation is important because doses labeled “low dose” are within the concentration ranges of BPA found in most human blood due to regular environmental exposure. (“Low dose” means concentration below the dose used in laboratory animal toxicological studies for risk assessm ...
... observed with BPA. The observation is important because doses labeled “low dose” are within the concentration ranges of BPA found in most human blood due to regular environmental exposure. (“Low dose” means concentration below the dose used in laboratory animal toxicological studies for risk assessm ...
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... -hydroxybutyric acid in animals and humans. A metabolism and disposition study conducted in F344/N rats by the NTP confirmed the rapid and extensive conversion of 1-[ 14C]-1,4-butanediol to 14CO2. Because of this rapid and extensive conversion, the toxicological profile of 1,4-butanediol reflects th ...
... -hydroxybutyric acid in animals and humans. A metabolism and disposition study conducted in F344/N rats by the NTP confirmed the rapid and extensive conversion of 1-[ 14C]-1,4-butanediol to 14CO2. Because of this rapid and extensive conversion, the toxicological profile of 1,4-butanediol reflects th ...
Guidance for Identifying Pesticides that have a Common Mechanism
... grouped. Thus, for those substances initially grouped using the “similarity of toxic effect” criterion (step 1), a determination will need to be made as to which substances indeed have a common toxic effect. The toxicity data for substances initially grouped using any of the other criteria in step 1 ...
... grouped. Thus, for those substances initially grouped using the “similarity of toxic effect” criterion (step 1), a determination will need to be made as to which substances indeed have a common toxic effect. The toxicity data for substances initially grouped using any of the other criteria in step 1 ...
Chromium, Selenium, Copper and other Trace Minerals
... ischemic heart disease Ever increasing research evidence has linked low dietary chromium with disturbances in lipid metabolism and hence in the development of arteriosclerosis. For example, when rats were placed on low chromium diet, not only their glucose tolerance became impaired but also their se ...
... ischemic heart disease Ever increasing research evidence has linked low dietary chromium with disturbances in lipid metabolism and hence in the development of arteriosclerosis. For example, when rats were placed on low chromium diet, not only their glucose tolerance became impaired but also their se ...
How are seals, as top predators, impacted by toxic contaminants in
... three regions—mid-coast Maine, southern Maine, and Massachusetts Bay. The highest PCB concentrations (mean 67.5 µg/g, lw) were found in pups from Massachusetts Bay, whereas levels were slightly lower (mean 46 and 49 µg/g, lw) in pups from Casco Bay/southern Maine and eastern Maine, respectively. In ...
... three regions—mid-coast Maine, southern Maine, and Massachusetts Bay. The highest PCB concentrations (mean 67.5 µg/g, lw) were found in pups from Massachusetts Bay, whereas levels were slightly lower (mean 46 and 49 µg/g, lw) in pups from Casco Bay/southern Maine and eastern Maine, respectively. In ...
Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and
... Despite the fact that the intestinal system is part of the human body’s first line of defense against orally ingested xenobiotica, little is known about the distribution and expression of CYP enzymes in human intestine. Therefore, expression and protein levels of the different CYPs have to be determ ...
... Despite the fact that the intestinal system is part of the human body’s first line of defense against orally ingested xenobiotica, little is known about the distribution and expression of CYP enzymes in human intestine. Therefore, expression and protein levels of the different CYPs have to be determ ...
Effects of Acetaminophen on Preimplantation Embryo Glutathione
... This study investigated the effects of high doses of acetaminophen (APAP) on preimplantation embryos. Previous studies indicate that cleavage-stage embryos cannot synthesize reduced glutathione (GSH) de novo and may be sensitive to GSH-depleting toxicants. Alternatively, there may be maternal mechan ...
... This study investigated the effects of high doses of acetaminophen (APAP) on preimplantation embryos. Previous studies indicate that cleavage-stage embryos cannot synthesize reduced glutathione (GSH) de novo and may be sensitive to GSH-depleting toxicants. Alternatively, there may be maternal mechan ...
Invertebrate Alternatives for Toxicity Testing: Hydra Stakes its
... region only. They can give rise to nerve cells, nematocytes, gland cells, mucous cells, and, in the sexual cycle, to oocytes and sperm cells. The nerve cells are organized in a nerve net with condensations to ganglion-like structures in the head and in the foot region (Bosch and David, 1987). Develo ...
... region only. They can give rise to nerve cells, nematocytes, gland cells, mucous cells, and, in the sexual cycle, to oocytes and sperm cells. The nerve cells are organized in a nerve net with condensations to ganglion-like structures in the head and in the foot region (Bosch and David, 1987). Develo ...
Cumene Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition
... carcinogenicity is α2u-globulin nephropathy, which is a recognized mechanism of action associated with kidney tumors in male rats that is not considered relevant to humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC 1999) has identified specific criteria for evaluating whether this is the ...
... carcinogenicity is α2u-globulin nephropathy, which is a recognized mechanism of action associated with kidney tumors in male rats that is not considered relevant to humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC 1999) has identified specific criteria for evaluating whether this is the ...
Life and death decisions of the pancreatic β
... and/or saturated NEFAs results in a substantial increase in insulin release, whereas chronic exposure results in desensitization and suppression of secretion, followed by induction of apoptosis. Some unsaturated NEFAs also promote insulin release acutely, but they are less toxic to β-cells during ch ...
... and/or saturated NEFAs results in a substantial increase in insulin release, whereas chronic exposure results in desensitization and suppression of secretion, followed by induction of apoptosis. Some unsaturated NEFAs also promote insulin release acutely, but they are less toxic to β-cells during ch ...
Phenol and Its Toxicity: A Case Report
... ingestion of one ounce of 89 % phenol, respiratory arrest within 30 minutes and ventricular tachycardia within 60 minutes are expected, which subsequently may progress to supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias. The signs of GI irritation as esophagitis and GI bleeding occur within one week of ...
... ingestion of one ounce of 89 % phenol, respiratory arrest within 30 minutes and ventricular tachycardia within 60 minutes are expected, which subsequently may progress to supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias. The signs of GI irritation as esophagitis and GI bleeding occur within one week of ...
1:6000
... in its inhibitory action. 7 Unfortunately, determination of killing power, based on cell viability after transfer to broth provides indications only of an all-or-none reaction. As many as 90 per cent of the organisms may have been killed after 10 or 90 minutes exposure to the detergent, yet given a ...
... in its inhibitory action. 7 Unfortunately, determination of killing power, based on cell viability after transfer to broth provides indications only of an all-or-none reaction. As many as 90 per cent of the organisms may have been killed after 10 or 90 minutes exposure to the detergent, yet given a ...
Zhongzhou Ointment
... 3. Methods: Evenly apply high-dosage, low-dosage Zhongzhou Ointment and excipient vaseline on the damaged skin area of each rabbit respectively, cover this area with oilpaper and two layers of gauze, and then use non-irritant adhesive tapes for fixation to ensure a close contact between the test pre ...
... 3. Methods: Evenly apply high-dosage, low-dosage Zhongzhou Ointment and excipient vaseline on the damaged skin area of each rabbit respectively, cover this area with oilpaper and two layers of gauze, and then use non-irritant adhesive tapes for fixation to ensure a close contact between the test pre ...
NA/320 - NICNAS
... consistent, they are believed not to be treatmentrelated; no apparent treatment-related haematological alterations were noted ...
... consistent, they are believed not to be treatmentrelated; no apparent treatment-related haematological alterations were noted ...
Non-Cancer Risk Assessment for Nickel Compounds: Issues
... 1994), based on the region of interest, animal species, strain, and sex; and the particle characteristics (mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD, and geometric standard deviation,
... 1994), based on the region of interest, animal species, strain, and sex; and the particle characteristics (mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD, and geometric standard deviation,
Risk assessment of substances in combined exposures (mixtures)
... Presently, risk assessment and regulation of chemical compounds is based on adverse health effects of single compounds only. However, in daily life, people are exposed to many compounds simultaneously (‘mixtures’). Exposure is mainly via food, but other routes are also occur, e.g. by inhalation or v ...
... Presently, risk assessment and regulation of chemical compounds is based on adverse health effects of single compounds only. However, in daily life, people are exposed to many compounds simultaneously (‘mixtures’). Exposure is mainly via food, but other routes are also occur, e.g. by inhalation or v ...
nations unies - Stockholm Convention
... The EPA notes that a risk assessment includes a group of interconnected processes that include hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Integrating step in the risk assessment process that summarizes assessments of effects on human health and e ...
... The EPA notes that a risk assessment includes a group of interconnected processes that include hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Integrating step in the risk assessment process that summarizes assessments of effects on human health and e ...
summary on natural cellular defense - Zeolite
... 7.45, which is the optimum pH for the human body. The body’s pH level influences both immunity and brain function. An acid blood pH (7.34 or lower) creates a precondition for cancer. In an acid environment, brain cell function can also be impaired, causing depression, anxiety, stupor, paranoia, delu ...
... 7.45, which is the optimum pH for the human body. The body’s pH level influences both immunity and brain function. An acid blood pH (7.34 or lower) creates a precondition for cancer. In an acid environment, brain cell function can also be impaired, causing depression, anxiety, stupor, paranoia, delu ...
Fumonisin B1
Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by several species of Fusarium molds, such as Fusarium verticillioides, which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple.Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfunction.