MECHANISMS IN THE TOXICITY OF METAL IONS
... have been reviewed in depth by Halliwell and Gutteridge] The major criticisms are that the rate constant for the Fenton reaction is too low, the reactive oxygen species produced is not the hydroxyl radical, and there are no metal catalysts available in vivo. In response to these criticisms, calculat ...
... have been reviewed in depth by Halliwell and Gutteridge] The major criticisms are that the rate constant for the Fenton reaction is too low, the reactive oxygen species produced is not the hydroxyl radical, and there are no metal catalysts available in vivo. In response to these criticisms, calculat ...
ChemPPT Flashcards Unit 3
... continually transports K+ into the cell against a concentration gradient. No, however it is excreted into the urine even in K-depleted states. Regulation of neuromuscular excitability (both hypo- and hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness) and contraction of the heat and cardiac rhythm (decrease K+ ...
... continually transports K+ into the cell against a concentration gradient. No, however it is excreted into the urine even in K-depleted states. Regulation of neuromuscular excitability (both hypo- and hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness) and contraction of the heat and cardiac rhythm (decrease K+ ...
Embryotoxicity evaluation of iron oxide Fe2O3 on land snails: Helix
... (snails, fish), early stages (larvae, embryos) are more sensitive than the juvenile or adult stages [23-26]. Ahmad et al. [27] showed extensively high toxicity due to aggregation / agglomeration and mechanical damage by NPs (CoFe2O4). Larger agglomerates of Fe2O3 are more toxic to the lipid membrane ...
... (snails, fish), early stages (larvae, embryos) are more sensitive than the juvenile or adult stages [23-26]. Ahmad et al. [27] showed extensively high toxicity due to aggregation / agglomeration and mechanical damage by NPs (CoFe2O4). Larger agglomerates of Fe2O3 are more toxic to the lipid membrane ...
Testicular membrane lipid damage by complex mixture of leachate
... First, the characterization of complex mixtures of metals in municipal auto-battery leachate (MABL), Elewi Odo municipal auto-battery recycling site leachate (EOMABRL) and STREAM were investigated and the results are presented in Tables 1–3. This is to ascertain the major possible primary source of ...
... First, the characterization of complex mixtures of metals in municipal auto-battery leachate (MABL), Elewi Odo municipal auto-battery recycling site leachate (EOMABRL) and STREAM were investigated and the results are presented in Tables 1–3. This is to ascertain the major possible primary source of ...
LD50 - ctaeir.org
... sound familiar. In toxicology the definition of each of these terms is simply the amount of a toxic substance needed to kill at least 50% of the population being tested. In most cases, the population being tested is rats, fish or cockroaches. Ultimately, the LD50 of a substance is used to predict ho ...
... sound familiar. In toxicology the definition of each of these terms is simply the amount of a toxic substance needed to kill at least 50% of the population being tested. In most cases, the population being tested is rats, fish or cockroaches. Ultimately, the LD50 of a substance is used to predict ho ...
Glufosinate ammonium poisoning
... It is for glufosinate is about the same as for oral exposures. However, through the skin, glufosinate formulations can be 2.5 times more toxic than glufosinate alone. Glufosinate was first considered by the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) Scientific Sub-Committee in 1984. The h ...
... It is for glufosinate is about the same as for oral exposures. However, through the skin, glufosinate formulations can be 2.5 times more toxic than glufosinate alone. Glufosinate was first considered by the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) Scientific Sub-Committee in 1984. The h ...
Poisonous Plant Guide
... concentrations vary with plant variety (1-6%), parts (female flowers have highest concentrations), processing (extracts have as much as 28%), sex and growing conditions. Lethal dose for dogs >3.0 g/kg body wt. Pets exposure usually from accidental access to this plant being used for in-home treatmen ...
... concentrations vary with plant variety (1-6%), parts (female flowers have highest concentrations), processing (extracts have as much as 28%), sex and growing conditions. Lethal dose for dogs >3.0 g/kg body wt. Pets exposure usually from accidental access to this plant being used for in-home treatmen ...
PESTICIDE TOXICITY
... toxicants. Mutagens cause changes in the genetic material DNA. Oncogens cause the formation of tumors; a carcinogen causes the formation of malignant tumors (cancer). Teratogens cause birth defects. Chronic toxicity can also affect the reproductive system, nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Choline ...
... toxicants. Mutagens cause changes in the genetic material DNA. Oncogens cause the formation of tumors; a carcinogen causes the formation of malignant tumors (cancer). Teratogens cause birth defects. Chronic toxicity can also affect the reproductive system, nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Choline ...
Download Pdf Article
... The heart of all the sacrificed rats was collected in order to obtain a dynamic evaluation of cardiac lesions, after 12 h and then, daily. The heart was washed with physiologic serum, weighted, and a fragment from it was collected. This fragment was also weighted and, after that, used for the quanti ...
... The heart of all the sacrificed rats was collected in order to obtain a dynamic evaluation of cardiac lesions, after 12 h and then, daily. The heart was washed with physiologic serum, weighted, and a fragment from it was collected. This fragment was also weighted and, after that, used for the quanti ...
NEUROBEHAVIORAL PROFILE OF F1 AND F2 GENERATION
... seen in F2 generation offsprings. On the contrary, the F2 generation had significantly reduced immobility profiles when compared to the unexposed control group of mice. Many of the tested behaviors under open field test are assigned to dopaminergic neurotransmission in associated brain areas (18-20) ...
... seen in F2 generation offsprings. On the contrary, the F2 generation had significantly reduced immobility profiles when compared to the unexposed control group of mice. Many of the tested behaviors under open field test are assigned to dopaminergic neurotransmission in associated brain areas (18-20) ...
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
... It may be possible to use biomarkers to establish that a natural population has been exposed to pollution and these can provide a valuable guide to whether or not a natural population is at risk or in need of further investigation. For the purposes of the Regulation and Registration of chemicals the ...
... It may be possible to use biomarkers to establish that a natural population has been exposed to pollution and these can provide a valuable guide to whether or not a natural population is at risk or in need of further investigation. For the purposes of the Regulation and Registration of chemicals the ...
Operation of the interim Prior Informed Consent procedure for
... Classification: a.i. Class Ib - high hazardous. Formulations: For solids, above 90% a.i., Class Ib; between 10 and 90%, Class II: below 10%, Class III. liquids, above 25%, Class Ib; between 3 and 25%, Class II; below 3%, Class III. ...
... Classification: a.i. Class Ib - high hazardous. Formulations: For solids, above 90% a.i., Class Ib; between 10 and 90%, Class II: below 10%, Class III. liquids, above 25%, Class Ib; between 3 and 25%, Class II; below 3%, Class III. ...
Determination of drug toxicity in animal
... categorize a compound. It is just a data that represent lethality and also does not correlate well with information on different mechanism of action of toxic agents, especially compounds from different toxicological categories. The lower the LD50 the lower the lethal dose - the more toxic is the sub ...
... categorize a compound. It is just a data that represent lethality and also does not correlate well with information on different mechanism of action of toxic agents, especially compounds from different toxicological categories. The lower the LD50 the lower the lethal dose - the more toxic is the sub ...
Porcine Cytochrome P450 and Metabolism
... The development of new drugs always involves preclinical screening, where the main pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological properties are studied. These preclinical investigations are based on both in vitro and in vivo models using various animal species. The pig and especially minipigs ...
... The development of new drugs always involves preclinical screening, where the main pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological properties are studied. These preclinical investigations are based on both in vitro and in vivo models using various animal species. The pig and especially minipigs ...
The Effect of Pesticides on Cholinesterase Activity by Using Fish as
... or artificial molecules which aimed to kill or mitigate any harmful organism. Non target living organisms were also affected by these compounds known as pesticides. They can cause poisoning in the human body through the inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme (ChE) which plays the role in human detoxify ...
... or artificial molecules which aimed to kill or mitigate any harmful organism. Non target living organisms were also affected by these compounds known as pesticides. They can cause poisoning in the human body through the inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme (ChE) which plays the role in human detoxify ...
Pdf Format - Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
... A narcotic effect, causing fatigue and dizziness. High doses may to unconsciousness and death. Exposure to large doses of solvents may slow reaction time and affect rational judgement. This may increase the risk of accidents both at work and outside, such as in the traffic on the way back home. ...
... A narcotic effect, causing fatigue and dizziness. High doses may to unconsciousness and death. Exposure to large doses of solvents may slow reaction time and affect rational judgement. This may increase the risk of accidents both at work and outside, such as in the traffic on the way back home. ...
pdf
... (CRP) level, RBC, WBC & platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also estimated. Extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, when observed at and after 2 hours of administration at all the given concentrations (75, 150 and 300 mg kg-1). The results ...
... (CRP) level, RBC, WBC & platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also estimated. Extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, when observed at and after 2 hours of administration at all the given concentrations (75, 150 and 300 mg kg-1). The results ...
9. evaluation of toxicological data
... be <10 mg/L. Analysis for lithium in the saturated solutions indicated a concentration between 0.14 and 0.44 mmol/L (1-3 mg/L), but no conclusions on water solubility of the bulk mineral could be drawn from this result. Due to the solid nature and very high melting point (>1000 oC) of the material, ...
... be <10 mg/L. Analysis for lithium in the saturated solutions indicated a concentration between 0.14 and 0.44 mmol/L (1-3 mg/L), but no conclusions on water solubility of the bulk mineral could be drawn from this result. Due to the solid nature and very high melting point (>1000 oC) of the material, ...
Liver - Meridian Kinesiology
... Liver damage, however it is now believed that Tacrine causes only minor Liver toxicity as measured by increases in Liver enzymes]. The Methyltestosterone (exogenous, supplementary and chemically-different to natural Testosterone) form of Testosterone can cause Liver damage. Long term usage of Tricyc ...
... Liver damage, however it is now believed that Tacrine causes only minor Liver toxicity as measured by increases in Liver enzymes]. The Methyltestosterone (exogenous, supplementary and chemically-different to natural Testosterone) form of Testosterone can cause Liver damage. Long term usage of Tricyc ...
Chapter 13. Hepatic toxicity biomarkers - SciTech Connect
... effects. Unfortunately, drugs rarely produce a single clear clinical picture, making the diagnosis of DILI difficult. For example, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid usually causes cholestatic injury but can also produce acute hepatocellular injury or a mixed type injury (Kaplowitz, 2005; Stirnimann et al. ...
... effects. Unfortunately, drugs rarely produce a single clear clinical picture, making the diagnosis of DILI difficult. For example, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid usually causes cholestatic injury but can also produce acute hepatocellular injury or a mixed type injury (Kaplowitz, 2005; Stirnimann et al. ...
Effect of in vivo contamination by effluent from phosphate treatment
... plants in Tunisia, the impact on the environment is becoming more and more concerning. Effluent from these plants can be regarded as ‘‘hot spots’’ of discharge releasing large amounts of pollutants into the aquatic environment (serbaji, 2000). As the chemical composition and toxicity of effluent are ...
... plants in Tunisia, the impact on the environment is becoming more and more concerning. Effluent from these plants can be regarded as ‘‘hot spots’’ of discharge releasing large amounts of pollutants into the aquatic environment (serbaji, 2000). As the chemical composition and toxicity of effluent are ...
Rana ridibunda
... sexes were collected at the beginning of June 2004 in the vicinity of Kraków (southern Poland) and were placed for 1 week in plastic aquaria with dechlorinated tap water. The animals were kept in room temperature with a natural day/night rhythm. After acclimatization frogs were divided into 2 groups ...
... sexes were collected at the beginning of June 2004 in the vicinity of Kraków (southern Poland) and were placed for 1 week in plastic aquaria with dechlorinated tap water. The animals were kept in room temperature with a natural day/night rhythm. After acclimatization frogs were divided into 2 groups ...
Bioaccumulation of Metals in Tissues of Marine Animals, Part I: the
... contaminants, among them heavy metals. As some of these can remain in the environment for a long time, they may affect organisms in the food chain as a consequence. Sometimes the presence of xenobiotics causes so great a change in the environment that a return to earlier, natural conditions is impos ...
... contaminants, among them heavy metals. As some of these can remain in the environment for a long time, they may affect organisms in the food chain as a consequence. Sometimes the presence of xenobiotics causes so great a change in the environment that a return to earlier, natural conditions is impos ...
and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
... The existing limited studies on PFHxS suggest that this chemical can cause effects in laboratory test animals similar to the effects caused by PFOS. However, based on available studies, PFHxS appears to be less potent in animal studies than PFOS. Much of the research on humans has been done with peo ...
... The existing limited studies on PFHxS suggest that this chemical can cause effects in laboratory test animals similar to the effects caused by PFOS. However, based on available studies, PFHxS appears to be less potent in animal studies than PFOS. Much of the research on humans has been done with peo ...
Toxicity of Pesticides - OSU Fact Sheets
... Toxicity tests are based on two premises. The first premise is that information about toxicity in animals can be used to predict toxicity in humans. Years of experience have shown that toxicity data obtained from a single species may be inaccurate. The second premise is that by exposing animals to l ...
... Toxicity tests are based on two premises. The first premise is that information about toxicity in animals can be used to predict toxicity in humans. Years of experience have shown that toxicity data obtained from a single species may be inaccurate. The second premise is that by exposing animals to l ...
Fumonisin B1
Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by several species of Fusarium molds, such as Fusarium verticillioides, which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple.Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfunction.