Construction of consecutive deletions of the Escherichia
... found to contain essential gene(s), whereas 2 regions had no essential genes and were deleted without complementing plasmids. The other two regions (OCL30 and OCL34) did not contain any essential genes, but these regions were essential and therefore were not deleted without the complementing plasmid ...
... found to contain essential gene(s), whereas 2 regions had no essential genes and were deleted without complementing plasmids. The other two regions (OCL30 and OCL34) did not contain any essential genes, but these regions were essential and therefore were not deleted without the complementing plasmid ...
Globin gene family
... Concept 21.5: Duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of DNA contribute to genome evolution • The basis of change at the genomic level is mutation, which underlies much of genome evolution • The earliest forms of life likely had a minimal number of genes, including only those necessary for surviva ...
... Concept 21.5: Duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of DNA contribute to genome evolution • The basis of change at the genomic level is mutation, which underlies much of genome evolution • The earliest forms of life likely had a minimal number of genes, including only those necessary for surviva ...
The Schistosoma gene discovery program: state of the art
... species of Schistosoma is feasible and because of the great conservation of some genes in the various species, information obtained in one organism can be of relevance to the other. For both S. mansoni and S. japonicum, the Network decided not to adopt a reference strain as there is no evidence for ...
... species of Schistosoma is feasible and because of the great conservation of some genes in the various species, information obtained in one organism can be of relevance to the other. For both S. mansoni and S. japonicum, the Network decided not to adopt a reference strain as there is no evidence for ...
Unequal Crossing Over Locus by KIR Cutting Edge: Expansion of the
... iller Ig-like receptor (KIR)3 molecules regulate the activity of NK and some T cells through interaction with specific HLA class I molecules on target cells. Because HLA class I alleles are under continuous selection pressure from infectious disease morbidity and mortality, the KIR locus must also e ...
... iller Ig-like receptor (KIR)3 molecules regulate the activity of NK and some T cells through interaction with specific HLA class I molecules on target cells. Because HLA class I alleles are under continuous selection pressure from infectious disease morbidity and mortality, the KIR locus must also e ...
Evaluation of the Y-Chromosome Structure
... Length polymorphisms include Y-STRs or microsatellites of which to date there are approximately 220 markers that have been identified on the Y-chromosome and that are potentially useful in the applications of forensic genetics (Gusmão et al. 2006). Each Y-STR comprises of short sequences generally b ...
... Length polymorphisms include Y-STRs or microsatellites of which to date there are approximately 220 markers that have been identified on the Y-chromosome and that are potentially useful in the applications of forensic genetics (Gusmão et al. 2006). Each Y-STR comprises of short sequences generally b ...
Supplemental data, Section 1: In the following section, we described
... Thermobacter tengcongensis and Xylella fastidiosa by Sekovska et al. (13). Although these organisms are not directly related to H. pylori, this study showed that methionine salvage pathway can take on slightly different routes in different bacteria. Therefore, it is possible the H. pylori contains a ...
... Thermobacter tengcongensis and Xylella fastidiosa by Sekovska et al. (13). Although these organisms are not directly related to H. pylori, this study showed that methionine salvage pathway can take on slightly different routes in different bacteria. Therefore, it is possible the H. pylori contains a ...
High mutation rates in human and ape pseudoautosomal genes
... was reported to have a high substitution rate (Cooke et al., 1985; Baird and Royle, 1997), however, subtelomeric regions are known to evolve very fast, perhaps, due to ectopic recombination with homologous sequences in the subtelomeric regions of the other chromosomes (Mefford and Trask, 2002). Huma ...
... was reported to have a high substitution rate (Cooke et al., 1985; Baird and Royle, 1997), however, subtelomeric regions are known to evolve very fast, perhaps, due to ectopic recombination with homologous sequences in the subtelomeric regions of the other chromosomes (Mefford and Trask, 2002). Huma ...
Evaluation of Nyholt`s Procedure for Multiple Testing Correction
... of R and α were respectively 1.08 and 0.042, not very much different from a simple Šidák correction based on M tests, where M is the number of genotyped SNPs in the chromosome. Method 2 was better: mean values of R and α were 1.27 (range 1.08–1.60) and 0.048 (range 0.041–0.055). A beta(a, b) distr ...
... of R and α were respectively 1.08 and 0.042, not very much different from a simple Šidák correction based on M tests, where M is the number of genotyped SNPs in the chromosome. Method 2 was better: mean values of R and α were 1.27 (range 1.08–1.60) and 0.048 (range 0.041–0.055). A beta(a, b) distr ...
Paradox of Animal Sociality,
... succeed, a form of altruism we called “discriminating”. We can tell a nearly well formed Darwinian Story about altruism coming to characterize the species if the population of the species is so organized that altruists find themselves in the company of fellow altruists more often than by chance and ...
... succeed, a form of altruism we called “discriminating”. We can tell a nearly well formed Darwinian Story about altruism coming to characterize the species if the population of the species is so organized that altruists find themselves in the company of fellow altruists more often than by chance and ...
Praktikum der Microarray-Datenanalyse
... assumptions, the results of the these methods must be interpreted carefully. Moreover, the foundations and the validity of some approaches had been questioned in recent ...
... assumptions, the results of the these methods must be interpreted carefully. Moreover, the foundations and the validity of some approaches had been questioned in recent ...
fig. 1 - Utrecht University Repository
... populations. Surprisingly, the studies also show that killing happens less frequently between related individuals, that is, close kin are spared from killing. The frequency of killing is low up to a certain genetic threshold, after which it sharply increases. This observation once again suggests hig ...
... populations. Surprisingly, the studies also show that killing happens less frequently between related individuals, that is, close kin are spared from killing. The frequency of killing is low up to a certain genetic threshold, after which it sharply increases. This observation once again suggests hig ...
ucsc genome research primer - Center for Biomolecular Science
... mechanisms responsible for human disease, entire new avenues of treatments will be possible. We are only now getting a first glimmer of the molecular functions of a healthy human cell or organ, and we are still a long way from understanding the often subtle and complex ways that these can go awry. Y ...
... mechanisms responsible for human disease, entire new avenues of treatments will be possible. We are only now getting a first glimmer of the molecular functions of a healthy human cell or organ, and we are still a long way from understanding the often subtle and complex ways that these can go awry. Y ...
Tools for Comparing Bacterial Genomes
... ends are combined. The positive strand represented by a genome sequence is the leading strand but only for the first half up till the terminus. Reading across the terminus along the sequence on the same strand one enters the lagging strand. Gene preference for the leading strand is a general feature ...
... ends are combined. The positive strand represented by a genome sequence is the leading strand but only for the first half up till the terminus. Reading across the terminus along the sequence on the same strand one enters the lagging strand. Gene preference for the leading strand is a general feature ...
Contribution of Gene Amplification to Evolution of
... gene influenced the apparent mutation rate to increased cephalosporin resistance we performed a Luria–Delbruck fluctuation test. We observed an 10-fold higher mutation rate in the strain with the bla TEM-1 gene as compared to the strain without the bla TEM-1 gene (1.6 3 103 vs. 1.5 3 104). This v ...
... gene influenced the apparent mutation rate to increased cephalosporin resistance we performed a Luria–Delbruck fluctuation test. We observed an 10-fold higher mutation rate in the strain with the bla TEM-1 gene as compared to the strain without the bla TEM-1 gene (1.6 3 103 vs. 1.5 3 104). This v ...
Applications of Genome Rearrangements
... chromosomes of the human, mouse and rat. Blocks have similar gene content and order. Note that the estimated number of genes in the X chromosome is 2000. ...
... chromosomes of the human, mouse and rat. Blocks have similar gene content and order. Note that the estimated number of genes in the X chromosome is 2000. ...
Recombinant_Project_Proposal_revised_(really)
... We chose pigI because it is involved in one of the beginning pathways of MBC(4methoxy-2,2`-bipyrrole-5-carbaldehydе) ...
... We chose pigI because it is involved in one of the beginning pathways of MBC(4methoxy-2,2`-bipyrrole-5-carbaldehydе) ...
From essential to persistent genes
... determining which genes were essential for the survival of a pathogen. These studies were carried out on libraries of microorganisms using transposons or antisense RNA expression [4], but the ‘minimal set’ outcomes differed widely in terms of gene number (and often identity), not only in distant org ...
... determining which genes were essential for the survival of a pathogen. These studies were carried out on libraries of microorganisms using transposons or antisense RNA expression [4], but the ‘minimal set’ outcomes differed widely in terms of gene number (and often identity), not only in distant org ...
AllBio_DJK
... • What are the local and global effects of this QTL on gene expression? • Identify 12 birds with QQ genotypes on the basis of flanking markers and 12 with qq genotype • Perform microarray analyis using mRNA from ...
... • What are the local and global effects of this QTL on gene expression? • Identify 12 birds with QQ genotypes on the basis of flanking markers and 12 with qq genotype • Perform microarray analyis using mRNA from ...
One vitellogenin gene in an ocean of many: The molecular ecology
... forms of aquaglyceroporin were aqp3, -7, -9 and -10, with aqp3 on a sister branch to aqp9, and aqp7 clustering with aqp10 (Figure S6). In each subclass, the sarcopterygian aquaglyceroporins were robustly separated from the actinopterygian counterparts, with single orthologs retrieved from the genome ...
... forms of aquaglyceroporin were aqp3, -7, -9 and -10, with aqp3 on a sister branch to aqp9, and aqp7 clustering with aqp10 (Figure S6). In each subclass, the sarcopterygian aquaglyceroporins were robustly separated from the actinopterygian counterparts, with single orthologs retrieved from the genome ...
BAK1 Gene Variation: the doubts remain
... sequencing of a processed gene on chromosome 20. However, in response, Dr. Gottlieb and coauthors [2010] have argued that “some but not all of the sequence changes present in the BAK1 sequence of our abdominal aorta samples are also present in the chromosome 20 BAK1 sequence. However, all the AAA an ...
... sequencing of a processed gene on chromosome 20. However, in response, Dr. Gottlieb and coauthors [2010] have argued that “some but not all of the sequence changes present in the BAK1 sequence of our abdominal aorta samples are also present in the chromosome 20 BAK1 sequence. However, all the AAA an ...
The human Y chromosome: the biological role of a “functional
... 200 sequence-tagged sites (STS’s). The presence or absence of these STS’s on a large set of patients with a wide range of Y anomalies subdivided the euchromatic into 43 ordered intervals, all defined by naturally occurring chromosomal breakpoints. These 43 deletion intervals further refined the seveni ...
... 200 sequence-tagged sites (STS’s). The presence or absence of these STS’s on a large set of patients with a wide range of Y anomalies subdivided the euchromatic into 43 ordered intervals, all defined by naturally occurring chromosomal breakpoints. These 43 deletion intervals further refined the seveni ...
Where Do New Genes Come From? A Computational Analysis of
... What is the probability that at least k genes form a max-gap cluster in both genomes? Assuming identical gene content, the probability of finding a max-gap cluster of size at least k is always one! ...
... What is the probability that at least k genes form a max-gap cluster in both genomes? Assuming identical gene content, the probability of finding a max-gap cluster of size at least k is always one! ...
LECTURE 9: CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS II Reading for
... pericentric inversions; those in which the rotated segment is located completely on one chromosomal arm and do not include the centromere are called paracentric inversions. Inversions can occur when two double-strand breaks release a chromosomal region that inverts before religating to flanking DNA, ...
... pericentric inversions; those in which the rotated segment is located completely on one chromosomal arm and do not include the centromere are called paracentric inversions. Inversions can occur when two double-strand breaks release a chromosomal region that inverts before religating to flanking DNA, ...
Chapter 8: Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number
... In this and the next section we will take a closer look at changes in the structure of a single chromosome (or sometimes two), and how this may influence the expression of genes and the phenotype of the organism. Typically, student difficulties with this chapter rest primarily in the terminology ass ...
... In this and the next section we will take a closer look at changes in the structure of a single chromosome (or sometimes two), and how this may influence the expression of genes and the phenotype of the organism. Typically, student difficulties with this chapter rest primarily in the terminology ass ...
Copy-number variation
Copy-number variations (CNVs)—a form of structural variation—are alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal or, for certain genes, a normal variation in the number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA. CNVs correspond to relatively large regions of the genome that have been deleted (fewer than the normal number) or duplicated (more than the normal number) on certain chromosomes. For example, the chromosome that normally has sections in order as A-B-C-D might instead have sections A-B-C-C-D (a duplication of ""C"") or A-B-D (a deletion of ""C"").This variation accounts for roughly 13% of human genomic DNA and each variation may range from about one kilobase (1,000 nucleotide bases) to several megabases in size. CNVs contrast with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which affect only one single nucleotide base.