Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction
... In studies of colonization patterns of tomato roots by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and the pathogen Phytophthora parasitica, we previously showed that proliferation of the pathogen is greatly reduced in mycorrhizal root systems of tomato, compared with nonmycorrhizal ones (Cordier et al. 1 ...
... In studies of colonization patterns of tomato roots by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and the pathogen Phytophthora parasitica, we previously showed that proliferation of the pathogen is greatly reduced in mycorrhizal root systems of tomato, compared with nonmycorrhizal ones (Cordier et al. 1 ...
Tansley review - Professor Gero Steinberg
... Intensive work along these lines in U. maydis has been undertaken. Unexpectedly, these studies reveal that molecular motors play active roles in organizing a polar MT array. In exponentially growing cultures of yeast-like cells, c. 50% of the sporidia are in the G2 phase (McCann & Snetselaar, 1997; ...
... Intensive work along these lines in U. maydis has been undertaken. Unexpectedly, these studies reveal that molecular motors play active roles in organizing a polar MT array. In exponentially growing cultures of yeast-like cells, c. 50% of the sporidia are in the G2 phase (McCann & Snetselaar, 1997; ...
Introduction: Keylevels of Biocommunication in Fungi
... found among single-celled eukaryotes, which closely resemble those of singlecelled fungi. However, there are significant differences in protoctist structure (i.e. flagellated) and those of fungi (i.e. non-flagellated). Obviously, fungi have evolved out of protoctists, such as red and joch-algae (Mar ...
... found among single-celled eukaryotes, which closely resemble those of singlecelled fungi. However, there are significant differences in protoctist structure (i.e. flagellated) and those of fungi (i.e. non-flagellated). Obviously, fungi have evolved out of protoctists, such as red and joch-algae (Mar ...
pdf: Baskin 2013
... and also to provide anchorage. Unlike that of the leaf, root growth is usually indeterminate, meaning that there is no programmed root length, and because the root grows continuously, its growth zone sampled at any time will contain the entire developmental sequence, from early to late. As part of a ...
... and also to provide anchorage. Unlike that of the leaf, root growth is usually indeterminate, meaning that there is no programmed root length, and because the root grows continuously, its growth zone sampled at any time will contain the entire developmental sequence, from early to late. As part of a ...
structure of plants and fungi
... groups can differentiate to serve certain functions; however, they do not build up well-defined tissues or tissue systems. It is obvious that a unicellular plant completes all functions of the organism. This however does not mean that no differentiation can be observed in unicellulars: certain parts ...
... groups can differentiate to serve certain functions; however, they do not build up well-defined tissues or tissue systems. It is obvious that a unicellular plant completes all functions of the organism. This however does not mean that no differentiation can be observed in unicellulars: certain parts ...
HOW PATHOGENS ATTACK PLANTS
... whereas root cell wall surfaces consist only of cellulose. Cuticle consists primarily of cutin, more or less impregnated with wax and frequently covered with a layer of wax. The lower part of cutin is intermingled with pectin and cellulose lamellae and lower yet there is a layer consisting predomina ...
... whereas root cell wall surfaces consist only of cellulose. Cuticle consists primarily of cutin, more or less impregnated with wax and frequently covered with a layer of wax. The lower part of cutin is intermingled with pectin and cellulose lamellae and lower yet there is a layer consisting predomina ...
structure of plants and fungi
... they do not build up well-defined tissues or tissue systems. It is obvious that a unicellular plant completes all functions of the organism. This however does not mean that no differentiation can be observed in unicellulars: certain parts of the cell can differentiate for given functions. The giant ...
... they do not build up well-defined tissues or tissue systems. It is obvious that a unicellular plant completes all functions of the organism. This however does not mean that no differentiation can be observed in unicellulars: certain parts of the cell can differentiate for given functions. The giant ...
Introduction to fungi: Yeast and mould
... accomplished by the help of spores. Spores are generally found to be colourless, while a few of them are duly pigmented as green, yellow, red, orange, black or brown. In fact, their size may invariably range from small to large and their shape from round, oval, oblong, needleshaped to helical. Varia ...
... accomplished by the help of spores. Spores are generally found to be colourless, while a few of them are duly pigmented as green, yellow, red, orange, black or brown. In fact, their size may invariably range from small to large and their shape from round, oval, oblong, needleshaped to helical. Varia ...
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION IN PLANTS
... not asymmetry is morphologically evident at the time of division (48). Asymmetric cell divisions are traditionally divided into two flavors. The difference in daughter cells may be due to unequal partitioning of factors in the mother cell such that all or most are inherited by only one daughter. Alt ...
... not asymmetry is morphologically evident at the time of division (48). Asymmetric cell divisions are traditionally divided into two flavors. The difference in daughter cells may be due to unequal partitioning of factors in the mother cell such that all or most are inherited by only one daughter. Alt ...
A Simple and Efficient Method for Isolating Trichomes for
... the biochemical analysis of Arabidopsis trichomes has lagged behind. This is, in part, because trichomes make up only a small fraction of the total number of cells of a leaf. Therefore, if entire leaves are analyzed, trichome-specific biochemical properties are overwhelmed by the contribution of the ...
... the biochemical analysis of Arabidopsis trichomes has lagged behind. This is, in part, because trichomes make up only a small fraction of the total number of cells of a leaf. Therefore, if entire leaves are analyzed, trichome-specific biochemical properties are overwhelmed by the contribution of the ...
Influence of Bacillus subtilis Cell Walls and EDTA on Calcite
... laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the presence of certain bacteria influences the rate of mineral dissolution (1-4), but the dissolution mechanisms in aqueous solutions remain poorly characterized, even in abiotic systems. Bacteria are a common component in weathering environments. ...
... laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the presence of certain bacteria influences the rate of mineral dissolution (1-4), but the dissolution mechanisms in aqueous solutions remain poorly characterized, even in abiotic systems. Bacteria are a common component in weathering environments. ...
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Strain IVIC Pb9
... Electron micrographs (Fig. 5 ) showed fibrils shorter than those described by Carbonell, Kanetsuna & Gil (1970) for the chitin and P-1,3-glucan of the parental strain IVIC ~ b 9 . Fraction 2 . Both strains formed about the same amount of this fraction. However, their compositions differed (Table 2). ...
... Electron micrographs (Fig. 5 ) showed fibrils shorter than those described by Carbonell, Kanetsuna & Gil (1970) for the chitin and P-1,3-glucan of the parental strain IVIC ~ b 9 . Fraction 2 . Both strains formed about the same amount of this fraction. However, their compositions differed (Table 2). ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... phase viscosity of small solutes is only 10% to 30% less in cytoplasm than in water [reviewed in (13)]. Although diffusion can be the principle mechanism of molecular movement for interactions on a ⬃ 20 nm scale, it cannot completely explain the mechanism by which molecules move over greater distanc ...
... phase viscosity of small solutes is only 10% to 30% less in cytoplasm than in water [reviewed in (13)]. Although diffusion can be the principle mechanism of molecular movement for interactions on a ⬃ 20 nm scale, it cannot completely explain the mechanism by which molecules move over greater distanc ...
A model of chloroplast growth regulation in mesophyll cells
... – with larger and more irregularly shaped chloroplasts than the wild type – presented with more scatter; see the R2 values in Figure 2. Pyke (1999) further showed that this regulated chloroplast density persists not only across different cells, but across different species. He found a linear relatio ...
... – with larger and more irregularly shaped chloroplasts than the wild type – presented with more scatter; see the R2 values in Figure 2. Pyke (1999) further showed that this regulated chloroplast density persists not only across different cells, but across different species. He found a linear relatio ...
Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies
... capable of cleaving and rejoining xyloglucan chains (Cosgrove 2000). In dicotyledonous plants, cellulose microfibrils are thought to be hydrogen-bonded to xyloglucans; cleavage of xyloglucans may therefore allow the cell wall to expand. Thompson et al. (1998) and Rose et al. (1997) demonstrated that ...
... capable of cleaving and rejoining xyloglucan chains (Cosgrove 2000). In dicotyledonous plants, cellulose microfibrils are thought to be hydrogen-bonded to xyloglucans; cleavage of xyloglucans may therefore allow the cell wall to expand. Thompson et al. (1998) and Rose et al. (1997) demonstrated that ...
Cell Theory Revised
... plants (Fig. 1). Strictly speaking, higher plants are supracellular organisms because almost all the cells of a given plant organism are interconnected via cell-to-cell channels known as plasmodesmata (Lucas et al., 1993; Zambryski and Crawford, 2000) that form primarily across ...
... plants (Fig. 1). Strictly speaking, higher plants are supracellular organisms because almost all the cells of a given plant organism are interconnected via cell-to-cell channels known as plasmodesmata (Lucas et al., 1993; Zambryski and Crawford, 2000) that form primarily across ...
Ultrastructure of the Epidermal Cell Wall and Cuticle of Tomato Fruit
... significant role of the epidermis and cuticle on plant growth and interaction with the environment, ...
... significant role of the epidermis and cuticle on plant growth and interaction with the environment, ...
Protein secretion and surface display in Gram
... to proteins [49]. One wonders whether some Grampositive bacteria have evolved channels for the release of precursors that have been translocated across the plasma membrane into the extracellular milieu. A simple argument in favour of protein transport channels across peptidoglycan is the finding tha ...
... to proteins [49]. One wonders whether some Grampositive bacteria have evolved channels for the release of precursors that have been translocated across the plasma membrane into the extracellular milieu. A simple argument in favour of protein transport channels across peptidoglycan is the finding tha ...
Subcellular localization of peroxidase in tomato fruit skin and the
... fruits was con®rmed. Furthermore, peroxidase activity was also observed associated with the plasma membrane and large vesicles allied to the plasma membrane. While cross-linking in cell wall components was previously assumed to be the mechanism by which peroxidase might control fruit growth, the inc ...
... fruits was con®rmed. Furthermore, peroxidase activity was also observed associated with the plasma membrane and large vesicles allied to the plasma membrane. While cross-linking in cell wall components was previously assumed to be the mechanism by which peroxidase might control fruit growth, the inc ...
Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi
... Algae produce much of earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis Many species are rich in vitamin C & iron Chemicals in algae are used to treat stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis, & other health problems ...
... Algae produce much of earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis Many species are rich in vitamin C & iron Chemicals in algae are used to treat stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis, & other health problems ...
Archaea Topics in Biodiversity
... inside their cells. In the past Archaea were classified as an unusual group of bacteria and named archaebacteria, but since the Archaea have an independent evolutionary history and manifest numerous differences in their biochemistry from other forms of life, they are now classified as a separate dom ...
... inside their cells. In the past Archaea were classified as an unusual group of bacteria and named archaebacteria, but since the Archaea have an independent evolutionary history and manifest numerous differences in their biochemistry from other forms of life, they are now classified as a separate dom ...
VAJ/GFA1/CLO is Involved in the Directional Control of Floral Organ
... © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected] ...
... © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected] ...
Arabidopsis thaliana Variability in the Control of Cell Division Underlies Sepal
... roughly rectangular, making the size distribution readily apparent for automated image processing. The size of a cell is controlled by its growth rate and its frequency of division. Plant cells are confined by their cell walls [25], which cannot slide relative to a neighboring cell [26,27]. Conseque ...
... roughly rectangular, making the size distribution readily apparent for automated image processing. The size of a cell is controlled by its growth rate and its frequency of division. Plant cells are confined by their cell walls [25], which cannot slide relative to a neighboring cell [26,27]. Conseque ...
Bio-Botany - Textbooks Online
... Other colorless forms ingest small food particles and carryout intracellular digestion (holozoic nutrition). If green species of Euglena are kept in darkness they lose their chloroplasts and become colourless and survive saprotrophically. Chloroplasts return when the organisms are returned to light ...
... Other colorless forms ingest small food particles and carryout intracellular digestion (holozoic nutrition). If green species of Euglena are kept in darkness they lose their chloroplasts and become colourless and survive saprotrophically. Chloroplasts return when the organisms are returned to light ...
PDF
... embryos show an early stage of v’ch1 dendrite growth: the dendrite takes the form of a small conical protrusion on the anterodorsal side of the soma, directed superficially towards the epidermis (Fig. 3A). As the dendrite extends from stages 13 to 15, it adopts a rodlike shape (Fig. 3B,C) and progre ...
... embryos show an early stage of v’ch1 dendrite growth: the dendrite takes the form of a small conical protrusion on the anterodorsal side of the soma, directed superficially towards the epidermis (Fig. 3A). As the dendrite extends from stages 13 to 15, it adopts a rodlike shape (Fig. 3B,C) and progre ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.