Physiological interactions between a mesophilic cellulolytic
... [2,3,5]. Interspecies interactions of this or similar type have also been observed during microbial degradation of other biopolymers such as chitin [6,7], pectin [8], and gelatin [9]. Microbial interac- ...
... [2,3,5]. Interspecies interactions of this or similar type have also been observed during microbial degradation of other biopolymers such as chitin [6,7], pectin [8], and gelatin [9]. Microbial interac- ...
Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
... 26) Plant hormones can have different effects at different concentrations. This explains how A) some plants are long-day plants and others are short-day plants. B) signal transduction pathways in plants are different from those in animals. C) plant genes recognize pathogen genes. D) auxin can stimu ...
... 26) Plant hormones can have different effects at different concentrations. This explains how A) some plants are long-day plants and others are short-day plants. B) signal transduction pathways in plants are different from those in animals. C) plant genes recognize pathogen genes. D) auxin can stimu ...
The maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus
... Haller cells as being 16.0%, by using multi-slice CTdata sets analysis; the respective authors emphasized that even though the coronal CT-views offer an exact representation of the microanatomy in the region of the lateral nasal wall, axial and sagittal views can provide important additional informa ...
... Haller cells as being 16.0%, by using multi-slice CTdata sets analysis; the respective authors emphasized that even though the coronal CT-views offer an exact representation of the microanatomy in the region of the lateral nasal wall, axial and sagittal views can provide important additional informa ...
Stat3/Cdc25a-dependent cell proliferation promotes embryonic axis
... premature stop codons, encoding proteins predicted to lack almost all the critical functional domains of the Stat3 protein (Fig 1B). Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], ...
... premature stop codons, encoding proteins predicted to lack almost all the critical functional domains of the Stat3 protein (Fig 1B). Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], ...
Adhesion and Adhesives of Fungi and Oomycetes
... for germination (Kuo and Hoch 1996). In fungi such as Erysiphe graminis, spore adhesion may facilitate “preparation of the infection court,” i.e., alteration of the host surface so that it favors fungal development (see Sect. 2.2.3.1). That is, a tightly adherent spore or germling may be able to eff ...
... for germination (Kuo and Hoch 1996). In fungi such as Erysiphe graminis, spore adhesion may facilitate “preparation of the infection court,” i.e., alteration of the host surface so that it favors fungal development (see Sect. 2.2.3.1). That is, a tightly adherent spore or germling may be able to eff ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We have previously shown that deletion of cspA is associated with rapid conidial germination and reduced adhes ...
... protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We have previously shown that deletion of cspA is associated with rapid conidial germination and reduced adhes ...
Carbon partitioning in sugarcane (Saccharum species)
... vacuole is an important feature of storage in sugarcane stem’s parenchyma cells (Rae et al., 2009). Sucrose unloaded from phloem into the apoplast can follow two paths to vacuoles of parenchyma cells (Figure 1). In one path, sucrose is transported directly into parenchyma cells by sucrose transporte ...
... vacuole is an important feature of storage in sugarcane stem’s parenchyma cells (Rae et al., 2009). Sucrose unloaded from phloem into the apoplast can follow two paths to vacuoles of parenchyma cells (Figure 1). In one path, sucrose is transported directly into parenchyma cells by sucrose transporte ...
Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan
... stomatal guard cells from young seedlings respond to ABA and dark treatments, which are normally used to induce stomatal closure in mature leaves, we carried out stomatal closure assays in 6-d-old seedlings expressing GFP-CESA3 and visualized stomatal apertures by staining with propidium iodide (PI) ...
... stomatal guard cells from young seedlings respond to ABA and dark treatments, which are normally used to induce stomatal closure in mature leaves, we carried out stomatal closure assays in 6-d-old seedlings expressing GFP-CESA3 and visualized stomatal apertures by staining with propidium iodide (PI) ...
Diversity of Life Lab Notebook
... 1. Set up the microscope with the arm toward/arm away from you. 2. Rotate the clips out of the way. 3. Put the prepared slide on the center of the stage. The specimen should be placed over the hole where the light comes through. 4. Start with the low-power (4X) objective. 5. Use the coarse focu ...
... 1. Set up the microscope with the arm toward/arm away from you. 2. Rotate the clips out of the way. 3. Put the prepared slide on the center of the stage. The specimen should be placed over the hole where the light comes through. 4. Start with the low-power (4X) objective. 5. Use the coarse focu ...
m o lo
... Microcystis cells and were probably the cause of distortion. In the control there were no plaques except green Microcystis lawn and the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show any visible distortion of cell structure. Bacteria were scrapped from the plaque zones and Gram-stained results sh ...
... Microcystis cells and were probably the cause of distortion. In the control there were no plaques except green Microcystis lawn and the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show any visible distortion of cell structure. Bacteria were scrapped from the plaque zones and Gram-stained results sh ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
as a PDF
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
Actin branching in the initiation and maintenance of lamellipodia
... From two-dimensional electron micrographs of lamellipodia of fish keratocytes, cells that protrude continuously, it was proposed that the anterior zone of lamellipodia is composed of highly branched arrays of short filaments, 30-150nm long (Svitkina et al, 1997) (Svitkina & Borisy, 1999). The simult ...
... From two-dimensional electron micrographs of lamellipodia of fish keratocytes, cells that protrude continuously, it was proposed that the anterior zone of lamellipodia is composed of highly branched arrays of short filaments, 30-150nm long (Svitkina et al, 1997) (Svitkina & Borisy, 1999). The simult ...
Infection Structure–Specific Expression of ß-1,3
... 2004), and similar results have been obtained from RNAi studies with Fusarium solani (Ha et al., 2006). In plant pathogenic fungi, delicate regulation of cell wall polymer formation is required, as changing structural requirements during infection-related morphogenesis must be met. For example, cell ...
... 2004), and similar results have been obtained from RNAi studies with Fusarium solani (Ha et al., 2006). In plant pathogenic fungi, delicate regulation of cell wall polymer formation is required, as changing structural requirements during infection-related morphogenesis must be met. For example, cell ...
Funguslike Protists
... Use Target Reading Skills As you read, make an outline about protists that you can use for review. Use the red section headings for the main topics and blue headings for the subtopics. Protists I. What is a protist? II. Animal-like protists A. Protozoans with pseudopods ...
... Use Target Reading Skills As you read, make an outline about protists that you can use for review. Use the red section headings for the main topics and blue headings for the subtopics. Protists I. What is a protist? II. Animal-like protists A. Protozoans with pseudopods ...
Masking the Pathogen: Evolutionary Strategies of Fungi and Their
... (PC) are important virulence factors in many pathogenic microbes that provide a protective coat against host immunity. They are highly diverse hydrated structures that provide microbes with a key defense against the host immune system [2]. For example, bacterial capsules confer resistance to complem ...
... (PC) are important virulence factors in many pathogenic microbes that provide a protective coat against host immunity. They are highly diverse hydrated structures that provide microbes with a key defense against the host immune system [2]. For example, bacterial capsules confer resistance to complem ...
Arabidopsis Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesins Play
... lacked sperm. Instead, two identical nuclei were found in single sections (Figure 2B, c). The two nuclei were suspended in the vegetative cytoplasm, and no cell wall–like structure was detected between them (Figure 2B, d). While many defective pollen grains were consistently detected in the double m ...
... lacked sperm. Instead, two identical nuclei were found in single sections (Figure 2B, c). The two nuclei were suspended in the vegetative cytoplasm, and no cell wall–like structure was detected between them (Figure 2B, d). While many defective pollen grains were consistently detected in the double m ...
Extracellular ATP Functions as an
... ATP is a ubiquitous, energy-rich compound in all cells of living organisms. It is found both within organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in the cytoplasm of higher organisms. The energy derived from ATP is used to drive a myriad of vital biochemical reactions that are fundamental t ...
... ATP is a ubiquitous, energy-rich compound in all cells of living organisms. It is found both within organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in the cytoplasm of higher organisms. The energy derived from ATP is used to drive a myriad of vital biochemical reactions that are fundamental t ...
Flower sexual behaviour - Formatted
... Development of the Male gametophyte The microspore is the first cell of the gametophytic generation. During gametogenesis, the nucleus of microspore divides mitotically to produce a bigger vegetative cell and a smaller generative cell (Fig. 6A,B). The generative cell is initially attached to the wal ...
... Development of the Male gametophyte The microspore is the first cell of the gametophytic generation. During gametogenesis, the nucleus of microspore divides mitotically to produce a bigger vegetative cell and a smaller generative cell (Fig. 6A,B). The generative cell is initially attached to the wal ...
Plant Cell, 20, 1623-1638. - McGill Biology
... To contrast with the binding of CCRC-M36 to mucilage, an antibody that reacted with the cell wall was required. Though a number of typical cell wall antibodies were tested against primary and secondary cell wall components, the only antibody that exhibited any reactivity to the seed coat cell wall w ...
... To contrast with the binding of CCRC-M36 to mucilage, an antibody that reacted with the cell wall was required. Though a number of typical cell wall antibodies were tested against primary and secondary cell wall components, the only antibody that exhibited any reactivity to the seed coat cell wall w ...
Analysis of the Golgi Apparatus in Arabidopsis Seed
... To contrast with the binding of CCRC-M36 to mucilage, an antibody that reacted with the cell wall was required. Though a number of typical cell wall antibodies were tested against primary and secondary cell wall components, the only antibody that exhibited any reactivity to the seed coat cell wall w ...
... To contrast with the binding of CCRC-M36 to mucilage, an antibody that reacted with the cell wall was required. Though a number of typical cell wall antibodies were tested against primary and secondary cell wall components, the only antibody that exhibited any reactivity to the seed coat cell wall w ...
PDF - Darwin Online
... purple colour given by this Schulze's fluid is characteristic of cellulose. This reaction must be studied on the cell-walls of the higher plants, because the cellulose of the ...
... purple colour given by this Schulze's fluid is characteristic of cellulose. This reaction must be studied on the cell-walls of the higher plants, because the cellulose of the ...
Cell-Fate Switch of Synergid to Egg Cell in
... unfertilized central cell is not dividing after the fertilization event. This result was intriguing since it was previously shown that a positive signal from the fertilization of the egg cell initiates proliferation of the unfertilized central cell in wild-type plants (Nowack et al., 2006). We there ...
... unfertilized central cell is not dividing after the fertilization event. This result was intriguing since it was previously shown that a positive signal from the fertilization of the egg cell initiates proliferation of the unfertilized central cell in wild-type plants (Nowack et al., 2006). We there ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.