Cell death by autophagy: facts and apparent artefacts
... metabolism (as in cancer cells), it is not surprising that cells undergoing death after stress also show features of autophagy. For example, cultured cells deprived of survival factors (such as serum) will undergo apoptosis, but as they go through the starvation process, they also activate their aut ...
... metabolism (as in cancer cells), it is not surprising that cells undergoing death after stress also show features of autophagy. For example, cultured cells deprived of survival factors (such as serum) will undergo apoptosis, but as they go through the starvation process, they also activate their aut ...
Senescence and programmed cell death
... According to still another use of the terms, they apply to different parts of the plant. Senescence, in this view, is the process that leads to the death of organs and whole plants, while PCD refers to the death of (a relatively small number of) cells (Noodén, 2004). This use of the terms is simila ...
... According to still another use of the terms, they apply to different parts of the plant. Senescence, in this view, is the process that leads to the death of organs and whole plants, while PCD refers to the death of (a relatively small number of) cells (Noodén, 2004). This use of the terms is simila ...
Expressing the Diphtheria Toxin A Subunit from
... with either normal sperm or a SSLC carried the reporter construct. We found that approximately 50% of pollen of either type expressed DUO1:H2B:mRFP1, indicating that almost all SSLCs that carried this reporter expressed it (Fig. 2, A and E). Consequently, we suggest that the DUO1:H2B:mRFP1 reporter ...
... with either normal sperm or a SSLC carried the reporter construct. We found that approximately 50% of pollen of either type expressed DUO1:H2B:mRFP1, indicating that almost all SSLCs that carried this reporter expressed it (Fig. 2, A and E). Consequently, we suggest that the DUO1:H2B:mRFP1 reporter ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... mitochondria.2 BECN1 and PIK3C3/VPS34, for example, are pivotal in the formation of a lipid kinase complex, which in turn allows the recruitment and shuttling of ATG proteins that contribute to the generation of the phagophore, the initial sequestering compartment. Next, the ubiquitin-like conjugat ...
... mitochondria.2 BECN1 and PIK3C3/VPS34, for example, are pivotal in the formation of a lipid kinase complex, which in turn allows the recruitment and shuttling of ATG proteins that contribute to the generation of the phagophore, the initial sequestering compartment. Next, the ubiquitin-like conjugat ...
1 Calcium at the Cell Wall
... due to movement of Ca2+ directly into the cytoplasm, while other supporting wall binding. Kwack (1967), applying autoradiography to pollen tubes that had been administered with 45Ca2+, showed extensive labeling of the tube apex, which he interpreted as Ca2+ binding by the acidic pectic residues. A s ...
... due to movement of Ca2+ directly into the cytoplasm, while other supporting wall binding. Kwack (1967), applying autoradiography to pollen tubes that had been administered with 45Ca2+, showed extensive labeling of the tube apex, which he interpreted as Ca2+ binding by the acidic pectic residues. A s ...
Full Paper - Calcutta Research Group
... this column was on philanthropic work that Guntur NRIs were doing back home. Often it was just an enunciation of different amounts spent on different projects by these NRIs, but sometimes it also ran an interview of the NRI donors. Most of the NRIs who featured in the columns were from the Kamma ca ...
... this column was on philanthropic work that Guntur NRIs were doing back home. Often it was just an enunciation of different amounts spent on different projects by these NRIs, but sometimes it also ran an interview of the NRI donors. Most of the NRIs who featured in the columns were from the Kamma ca ...
Dissection of Cell Division Processes in the One Cell Stage
... tubulin and ZYG-9, a centrosomal marker. This analysis revealed that two pronuclear migration loci are required for generating normal microtubule arrays and four for centrosome separation. All 34 loci have been mapped by deficiencies to distinct regions of chromosome III, thus paving the way for the ...
... tubulin and ZYG-9, a centrosomal marker. This analysis revealed that two pronuclear migration loci are required for generating normal microtubule arrays and four for centrosome separation. All 34 loci have been mapped by deficiencies to distinct regions of chromosome III, thus paving the way for the ...
Quantitative analysis of changes in spatial distribution and plus
... blunt ended. The proportion of blunt-ended microtubules in this sample is ~70% and the proportions of extended and horned microtubule plus ends are each 15-20% (Fig. 4B). By contrast, of those microtubules that terminate outside the cellplate assembly matrix in this solid phragmoplast, only ~20% of ...
... blunt ended. The proportion of blunt-ended microtubules in this sample is ~70% and the proportions of extended and horned microtubule plus ends are each 15-20% (Fig. 4B). By contrast, of those microtubules that terminate outside the cellplate assembly matrix in this solid phragmoplast, only ~20% of ...
pdf: Rahman et al. 2007.
... (Stasinopoulos and Hangarter, 1990). To characterize the mechanism of inhibition of root elongation by auxin, we pursued a kinematic approach. First, we evaluated the time course of root elongation rate (Figure 1a–c). Seedlings were grown for 4 days, transplanted onto medium with auxins as indicated ...
... (Stasinopoulos and Hangarter, 1990). To characterize the mechanism of inhibition of root elongation by auxin, we pursued a kinematic approach. First, we evaluated the time course of root elongation rate (Figure 1a–c). Seedlings were grown for 4 days, transplanted onto medium with auxins as indicated ...
Effect of ABA signalling in primary cell wall Minor Thesis Report
... Figure 4. Schematic representation of different types of XyG and known proteins involved in its synthesis and modification....................................................................................................................12 Figure 5. Predicted T-DNA insertion sites in singleaxy4, mu ...
... Figure 4. Schematic representation of different types of XyG and known proteins involved in its synthesis and modification....................................................................................................................12 Figure 5. Predicted T-DNA insertion sites in singleaxy4, mu ...
Plant Growth and Development - Basic Knowledge and Current Views
... increase in volume and differentiation. However, in some cases one of these phases could be skipped. Each phase has its own specific molecular and physiological characteristics although at some stages of development two or even three phases can occur simultaneously. The process of cell division (als ...
... increase in volume and differentiation. However, in some cases one of these phases could be skipped. Each phase has its own specific molecular and physiological characteristics although at some stages of development two or even three phases can occur simultaneously. The process of cell division (als ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci
... Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commensals and opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellul ...
... Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commensals and opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellul ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci: structural
... Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commensals and opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellul ...
... Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commensals and opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellul ...
Practice Test Answer Key
... a. tropical rain forest. c. boreal forest b. temperate forest d. grassland ____ 24. The water in rivers and streams a. carries material such as soil and minerals. b. all flows at the same speed. c. remains at the same temperature from the beginning to the end of the river or stream. d. does not allo ...
... a. tropical rain forest. c. boreal forest b. temperate forest d. grassland ____ 24. The water in rivers and streams a. carries material such as soil and minerals. b. all flows at the same speed. c. remains at the same temperature from the beginning to the end of the river or stream. d. does not allo ...
Extracellular Pectinolytic Enzymes of Fungi Elicit
... by suction filtration. The filtrates were dialysed against several changes of water (4"C), sterilized by membrane filtration (Millipore filter GS 0.22 pm) and kept at - 30 "C until use. Mycelial walls were prepared as described by Yoshikawa et al. (198 1). Cell-free mycelial extract was obtained by ...
... by suction filtration. The filtrates were dialysed against several changes of water (4"C), sterilized by membrane filtration (Millipore filter GS 0.22 pm) and kept at - 30 "C until use. Mycelial walls were prepared as described by Yoshikawa et al. (198 1). Cell-free mycelial extract was obtained by ...
On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell
... are homologues of the cell death repressor Ced-9 and its antagonist Egl-1 (the Bcl-2 family) have been identified, as well as more than ten homologues of the executioner Ced-3 (the caspase family) and at least one homologue of Ced-4 (Apaf-1, or apoptotic protease-activating factor 1). The death repr ...
... are homologues of the cell death repressor Ced-9 and its antagonist Egl-1 (the Bcl-2 family) have been identified, as well as more than ten homologues of the executioner Ced-3 (the caspase family) and at least one homologue of Ced-4 (Apaf-1, or apoptotic protease-activating factor 1). The death repr ...
2 common staining technique
... into various groups or types. Both the techniques allow the observation of cell morphology, or shape, but differential staining usually provides more information about the characteristics of the cell wall (Thickness). Gram staining (or Gram’s method) is an emprical method of differentiating bacteria ...
... into various groups or types. Both the techniques allow the observation of cell morphology, or shape, but differential staining usually provides more information about the characteristics of the cell wall (Thickness). Gram staining (or Gram’s method) is an emprical method of differentiating bacteria ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of progress
... of organelles to actin bundles in the absence of ATP (probably because of the action of an uncharacterized myosin-like component on the surface of organelles) reminded us of the so-called rigor cross-bridge of skeletal muscle myosin. Nagai and Hayama (1979) used electron microscopy to elucidate the ...
... of organelles to actin bundles in the absence of ATP (probably because of the action of an uncharacterized myosin-like component on the surface of organelles) reminded us of the so-called rigor cross-bridge of skeletal muscle myosin. Nagai and Hayama (1979) used electron microscopy to elucidate the ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of
... of organelles to actin bundles in the absence of ATP (probably because of the action of an uncharacterized myosin-like component on the surface of organelles) reminded us of the so-called rigor cross-bridge of skeletal muscle myosin. Nagai and Hayama (1979) used electron microscopy to elucidate the ...
... of organelles to actin bundles in the absence of ATP (probably because of the action of an uncharacterized myosin-like component on the surface of organelles) reminded us of the so-called rigor cross-bridge of skeletal muscle myosin. Nagai and Hayama (1979) used electron microscopy to elucidate the ...
Application of the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 to disinfection and
... method is effective for killing Escherichia -coli bacteria in water. TiO2 semiconductor exhibits strong bacterial activity .The aim of this research is to design a new photobioreactor and its application to sterilize the water from E-coli bacteria . Primary experiments have been done to determined t ...
... method is effective for killing Escherichia -coli bacteria in water. TiO2 semiconductor exhibits strong bacterial activity .The aim of this research is to design a new photobioreactor and its application to sterilize the water from E-coli bacteria . Primary experiments have been done to determined t ...
Dissecting sterol function during clathrin-dependent
... In Arabidopsis thaliana, the KNOLLE and DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 1A (DRP1A) contribute to cytokinesis. KNOLLE mediates fusion of vesicles at the plane of cell division while DRP1A appears to be involved in cell plate maturation through its role in clathrinmediated endocytosis. This thesis shows that ...
... In Arabidopsis thaliana, the KNOLLE and DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 1A (DRP1A) contribute to cytokinesis. KNOLLE mediates fusion of vesicles at the plane of cell division while DRP1A appears to be involved in cell plate maturation through its role in clathrinmediated endocytosis. This thesis shows that ...
Microbial Cell Factories
... that are covered by exopolymer and other matrix materials [3,5,13,14]. These bacterial three-dimensional structures are of considerable biotechnological importance due to their implications not only in bacterial colonization of abiotic surfaces with an economic value, but also in almost all pathogen ...
... that are covered by exopolymer and other matrix materials [3,5,13,14]. These bacterial three-dimensional structures are of considerable biotechnological importance due to their implications not only in bacterial colonization of abiotic surfaces with an economic value, but also in almost all pathogen ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... meristem remained at 0.4 ⫾ 0.01 to 0.5 ⫾ 0.1 mm during this same period. The cells of the newly germinated eld1 root tip were isodiametric in shape, rich in cytoplasm, and contained large nuclei, as is characteristic of wild-type meristematic cells (Fig. 3A). However, by 7 to 10 d after germination, ...
... meristem remained at 0.4 ⫾ 0.01 to 0.5 ⫾ 0.1 mm during this same period. The cells of the newly germinated eld1 root tip were isodiametric in shape, rich in cytoplasm, and contained large nuclei, as is characteristic of wild-type meristematic cells (Fig. 3A). However, by 7 to 10 d after germination, ...
letters - Cytomorpholab
... indicates that AtFH5 has a role in cytokinesis. A fluorescent dotted pattern of undetermined identity was also observed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3) and might not reflect the true localization of AtFH5, as potential artifacts may be associated with overexpression of AtFH5–GFP. The endosperm in the Arab ...
... indicates that AtFH5 has a role in cytokinesis. A fluorescent dotted pattern of undetermined identity was also observed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3) and might not reflect the true localization of AtFH5, as potential artifacts may be associated with overexpression of AtFH5–GFP. The endosperm in the Arab ...
distribution of microtubules in the golgi apparatus of euglena gracilis
... 1973), and alter or position dictyosome structure (Mollenhauer, 1965; Mollenhauer & Morre, 1972), they must play a significant role in Golgi apparatus function. The principal deterrent to understanding the intercisternal region is that its components cannot be seen in most electron-microscopical pre ...
... 1973), and alter or position dictyosome structure (Mollenhauer, 1965; Mollenhauer & Morre, 1972), they must play a significant role in Golgi apparatus function. The principal deterrent to understanding the intercisternal region is that its components cannot be seen in most electron-microscopical pre ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.