22_Testbank
... A) first there was a Big Bang, then inflation (of space) caused recession (of all matter, away from the Big Bang). B) first there was inflation, which caused the Big Bang, then recession. C) first there was a Big Bang. There has not been any inflation yet, but if it comes it will cause recession. An ...
... A) first there was a Big Bang, then inflation (of space) caused recession (of all matter, away from the Big Bang). B) first there was inflation, which caused the Big Bang, then recession. C) first there was a Big Bang. There has not been any inflation yet, but if it comes it will cause recession. An ...
Astronomy and the Bible
... contract under their own weight to form stars. This process has never been observed, but if it did occur, it would take many human lifetimes. It is known that clouds do not spontaneously collapse to form stars. The clouds possess considerable mass, but they are so large that their gravity is very fe ...
... contract under their own weight to form stars. This process has never been observed, but if it did occur, it would take many human lifetimes. It is known that clouds do not spontaneously collapse to form stars. The clouds possess considerable mass, but they are so large that their gravity is very fe ...
The Hubble Mission - Indiana University Astronomy
... Observations like these tell us the Hubble Constant, the relation between the distances to galaxies and their recession velocities. A Hubble Constant of 70 km s-1 Mpc-1 means a galaxy should appear to recede 160,000 miles per hour faster for every 3.3 million light-year increase in ...
... Observations like these tell us the Hubble Constant, the relation between the distances to galaxies and their recession velocities. A Hubble Constant of 70 km s-1 Mpc-1 means a galaxy should appear to recede 160,000 miles per hour faster for every 3.3 million light-year increase in ...
Hubble - STScI
... Hubble played a key role in discovering that a mysterious form of energy called dark energy is acting like a cosmic gas pedal, accelerating the universe’s expansion rate. Dark energy shoves galaxies away from each other at ever-increasing speeds and works in opposition to gravity. Hubble observation ...
... Hubble played a key role in discovering that a mysterious form of energy called dark energy is acting like a cosmic gas pedal, accelerating the universe’s expansion rate. Dark energy shoves galaxies away from each other at ever-increasing speeds and works in opposition to gravity. Hubble observation ...
Lecture Eleven (Powerpoint format)
... Surfing Spacetime -Detecting Gravitational Waves Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity predicts that spacetime itself will form ripples which propagate at the speed of light. Where are these gravitational waves? Because gravity is a weak force in comparison to electromagnetism, we have not ye ...
... Surfing Spacetime -Detecting Gravitational Waves Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity predicts that spacetime itself will form ripples which propagate at the speed of light. Where are these gravitational waves? Because gravity is a weak force in comparison to electromagnetism, we have not ye ...
Investigate Planets, Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... rounding the Sun at a distance of 35 feet — halfway to the pitcher’s mound. Earth becomes the size of a sunflower seed about 90 feet away, orbiting at first base. Jupiter is now a one-inch marble 450 feet away. It is orbiting just beyond Our star, the Sun, is about 93,000,000 miles from the fence in ...
... rounding the Sun at a distance of 35 feet — halfway to the pitcher’s mound. Earth becomes the size of a sunflower seed about 90 feet away, orbiting at first base. Jupiter is now a one-inch marble 450 feet away. It is orbiting just beyond Our star, the Sun, is about 93,000,000 miles from the fence in ...
relativistic time correction on movement of distant galaxies
... stars. Suppose there is a Sun like star of about 5 billion years old, then that star was formed at about 13.4+5=18.4 billion years ago. (In fact, present age of this star is to be multiplied by 1+z =1.98. So it is 5x1.98= 9.9 billion light years. But we have just received light from that galaxy and ...
... stars. Suppose there is a Sun like star of about 5 billion years old, then that star was formed at about 13.4+5=18.4 billion years ago. (In fact, present age of this star is to be multiplied by 1+z =1.98. So it is 5x1.98= 9.9 billion light years. But we have just received light from that galaxy and ...
powerpoint - Physics @ IUPUI
... • They have normal amounts of metals. • They do tend to have a stronger old population but have normal amounts of metals. • The only real difference is the distribution of ...
... • They have normal amounts of metals. • They do tend to have a stronger old population but have normal amounts of metals. • The only real difference is the distribution of ...
Multiple Choice, continued
... • The galaxy in which we live, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy in which the sun is one of hundreds of billions of stars. • Two irregular galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, are our closest neighbors. • These three galaxies are called the Local Group. ...
... • The galaxy in which we live, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy in which the sun is one of hundreds of billions of stars. • Two irregular galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, are our closest neighbors. • These three galaxies are called the Local Group. ...
hanson.pdf
... intervals between time-dependent changes in the simulation so they are appropriate to the viewer’s expectations and perceptual abilities. Slow Objects. Just because an object is moving so slowly that it cannot be perceived as moving on the real-time graphics screen does not mean that we do not need ...
... intervals between time-dependent changes in the simulation so they are appropriate to the viewer’s expectations and perceptual abilities. Slow Objects. Just because an object is moving so slowly that it cannot be perceived as moving on the real-time graphics screen does not mean that we do not need ...
Exploring Space—The Universe: The Vast
... star to our planet besides the sun? (Proxima Centauri.) How far away is Proxima Centauri from our planet? (Proxima Centauri is 4.3 light-years, or 26 trillion miles, away from Earth.) 3. Discuss with students the location of the solar system within the Milky Way galaxy. What are the three types of g ...
... star to our planet besides the sun? (Proxima Centauri.) How far away is Proxima Centauri from our planet? (Proxima Centauri is 4.3 light-years, or 26 trillion miles, away from Earth.) 3. Discuss with students the location of the solar system within the Milky Way galaxy. What are the three types of g ...
Multiple Choice, continued Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... Today, we know that Copernicus was right: the stars are very far from Earth. In fact, stars are so distant that a new unit of length—the light-year—was created to measure their distance. A light-year is a unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in 1 year. Because the sp ...
... Today, we know that Copernicus was right: the stars are very far from Earth. In fact, stars are so distant that a new unit of length—the light-year—was created to measure their distance. A light-year is a unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in 1 year. Because the sp ...
Document
... This diagram shows a single closed dimension of cosmological space (a huge cosmic great circle) and many local ‘directions’ or dimensions of time. We may think of time in spacetime in much the same way that we think of the gravitational gradient on Earth; time is not a single dimension of spacetime, ...
... This diagram shows a single closed dimension of cosmological space (a huge cosmic great circle) and many local ‘directions’ or dimensions of time. We may think of time in spacetime in much the same way that we think of the gravitational gradient on Earth; time is not a single dimension of spacetime, ...
1 VERSION 21A Cosmos+ A big bang family performance about the
... You may call me a comet-tail detective. Some comets only pass by Earth once. Then I am ready to observe them. ---------------------ASTRONOMER When I go out at night, and the sky is clear, I always look up. It is a habit of mine and it is something I wish more people would do. You might see something ...
... You may call me a comet-tail detective. Some comets only pass by Earth once. Then I am ready to observe them. ---------------------ASTRONOMER When I go out at night, and the sky is clear, I always look up. It is a habit of mine and it is something I wish more people would do. You might see something ...
Lecture Eleven (Powerpoint format)
... Surfing Spacetime -Detecting Gravitational Waves Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity predicts that spacetime itself will form ripples which propagate at the speed of light. Where are these gravitational waves? Because gravity is a weak force in comparison to electromagnetism, we have not ye ...
... Surfing Spacetime -Detecting Gravitational Waves Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity predicts that spacetime itself will form ripples which propagate at the speed of light. Where are these gravitational waves? Because gravity is a weak force in comparison to electromagnetism, we have not ye ...
Frontiers of Physics - Wright State University
... cosmological red shift due to the expansion of space itself. The photon wavelength is stretched in transit from the source to the observer. Double the distance, and the red shift is doubled. While this cosmological red shift is often called a Doppler shift, it is not—space itself is expanding. There ...
... cosmological red shift due to the expansion of space itself. The photon wavelength is stretched in transit from the source to the observer. Double the distance, and the red shift is doubled. While this cosmological red shift is often called a Doppler shift, it is not—space itself is expanding. There ...
Chapter 34 - mrphysicsportal.net
... cosmological red shift due to the expansion of space itself. The photon wavelength is stretched in transit from the source to the observer. Double the distance, and the red shift is doubled. While this cosmological red shift is often called a Doppler shift, it is not—space itself is expanding. There ...
... cosmological red shift due to the expansion of space itself. The photon wavelength is stretched in transit from the source to the observer. Double the distance, and the red shift is doubled. While this cosmological red shift is often called a Doppler shift, it is not—space itself is expanding. There ...
After School Guide to Ology Astronomy
... and which occurred at some time between 13 and 14 billion years ago. According to current theory, the Big Bang launched the ongoing expansion of the universe. black hole – A region in space where gravity is so strong that space closes back on itself, allowing nothing, not even light, to escape. come ...
... and which occurred at some time between 13 and 14 billion years ago. According to current theory, the Big Bang launched the ongoing expansion of the universe. black hole – A region in space where gravity is so strong that space closes back on itself, allowing nothing, not even light, to escape. come ...
Article #1- How the Big Bang Theory Works
... which will give us a lot more information about how the universe works. At t = 1 x 10-43 seconds, the universe was incredibly small, dense and hot. This homogenous area of the universe spanned a region of only 1 x 10-33 centimeters (3.9 x 10-34 inches). Today, that same stretch of space spans billio ...
... which will give us a lot more information about how the universe works. At t = 1 x 10-43 seconds, the universe was incredibly small, dense and hot. This homogenous area of the universe spanned a region of only 1 x 10-33 centimeters (3.9 x 10-34 inches). Today, that same stretch of space spans billio ...
The Cosmic Microwave Background
... density Ωbh2 make the first acoustic peak much larger than the second. The more baryons the more the second peak is relatively suppressed. Baryons constitute about 5% of the critical density today, in agreement with the number derived from studies of light element synthesis in the infant universe. A ...
... density Ωbh2 make the first acoustic peak much larger than the second. The more baryons the more the second peak is relatively suppressed. Baryons constitute about 5% of the critical density today, in agreement with the number derived from studies of light element synthesis in the infant universe. A ...
Atoms, Einstein, Universe
... production can be a million times more efficient and less polluting than current technology. Ultimately, by utilizing black holes, we may be able to provide all the energy needs of a million people for 1¢ per day, and do so with zero pollution. Einstein’s two theories of Relativity are among the cro ...
... production can be a million times more efficient and less polluting than current technology. Ultimately, by utilizing black holes, we may be able to provide all the energy needs of a million people for 1¢ per day, and do so with zero pollution. Einstein’s two theories of Relativity are among the cro ...
pptx
... more hydrogen to power nuclear fusion But it is 10000 times as bright Therefore it should use up its fuel 1000 times more quickly ...
... more hydrogen to power nuclear fusion But it is 10000 times as bright Therefore it should use up its fuel 1000 times more quickly ...
nucleosynthesis_oct28
... 3) The fundamental interactions are well known at these energies 4) Thermal equilibrium conditions exist allowing us to calculate the relative densities of the interacting particles. 5) GR lets us calculate rb(T) = r0(T/T0)3 , T0 = 2.7K, r0=1.4 0.3 x 10-7 nucleons/cm3 ( Peebles, 'Principles of Phy ...
... 3) The fundamental interactions are well known at these energies 4) Thermal equilibrium conditions exist allowing us to calculate the relative densities of the interacting particles. 5) GR lets us calculate rb(T) = r0(T/T0)3 , T0 = 2.7K, r0=1.4 0.3 x 10-7 nucleons/cm3 ( Peebles, 'Principles of Phy ...
Universe
The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. The Universe includes planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy. The observable universe is about 28 billion parsecs (91 billion light-years) in diameter at the present time. The size of the whole Universe is not known and may be infinite. Observations and the development of physical theories have led to inferences about the composition and evolution of the Universe.Throughout recorded history, cosmologies and cosmogonies, including scientific models, have been proposed to explain observations of the Universe. The earliest quantitative geocentric models were developed by ancient Greek philosophers and Indian philosophers. Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led to Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric model of the Solar System and Johannes Kepler's improvement on that model with elliptical orbits, which was eventually explained by Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. Further observational improvements led to the realization that the Solar System is located in a galaxy composed of billions of stars, the Milky Way. It was subsequently discovered that our galaxy is just one of many. On the largest scales, it is assumed that the distribution of galaxies is uniform and the same in all directions, meaning that the Universe has neither an edge nor a center. Observations of the distribution of these galaxies and their spectral lines have led to many of the theories of modern physical cosmology. The discovery in the early 20th century that galaxies are systematically redshifted suggested that the Universe is expanding, and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggested that the Universe had a beginning. Finally, observations in the late 1990s indicated the rate of the expansion of the Universe is increasing indicating that the majority of energy is most likely in an unknown form called dark energy. The majority of mass in the universe also appears to exist in an unknown form, called dark matter.The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model describing the development of the Universe. Space and time were created in the Big Bang, and these were imbued with a fixed amount of energy and matter; as space expands, the density of that matter and energy decreases. After the initial expansion, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation first of subatomic particles and later of simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars. Assuming that the prevailing model is correct, the age of the Universe is measured to be 7001137990000000000♠13.799±0.021 billion years.There are many competing hypotheses about the ultimate fate of the Universe. Physicists and philosophers remain unsure about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang. Many refuse to speculate, doubting that any information from any such prior state could ever be accessible. There are various multiverse hypotheses, in which some physicists have suggested that the Universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist.