Lesson 55 – The Structure of the Universe - science
... actually two types of Cepheid variable but we will just consider one type here). The period-luminosity relation means that if you can measure the period of a Cepheid variable you can find its luminosity. Knowing how bright the star really is and then measuring how bright it appears to be will then g ...
... actually two types of Cepheid variable but we will just consider one type here). The period-luminosity relation means that if you can measure the period of a Cepheid variable you can find its luminosity. Knowing how bright the star really is and then measuring how bright it appears to be will then g ...
Radiation: The Key to Understanding the Universe
... closer together at earlier times and that there must have been an instant of time when the entire universe was confined to a space point. It must have started expanding due to some explosion and has continued to expand till date. This is the big bang theory of the universe according to which, the ver ...
... closer together at earlier times and that there must have been an instant of time when the entire universe was confined to a space point. It must have started expanding due to some explosion and has continued to expand till date. This is the big bang theory of the universe according to which, the ver ...
Review Sheet and Study Hints - Tufts Institute of Cosmology
... Why do we need it? Visualization aids of the expanding universe. Is the universe finite or infinite (in what sense is it finite or infinite)? Does it have and edge, or a center? What does it expand into (why is this a wrong question)? ...
... Why do we need it? Visualization aids of the expanding universe. Is the universe finite or infinite (in what sense is it finite or infinite)? Does it have and edge, or a center? What does it expand into (why is this a wrong question)? ...
Facilitator`s Guide PDF
... judge the distance and velocity of objects much further from the earth, and thus much further back in time. These observations provide evidence that indeed the expansion of the universe is not constant or slowing, but instead accelerating. Dark energy is the proposed agent of this acceleration—a rep ...
... judge the distance and velocity of objects much further from the earth, and thus much further back in time. These observations provide evidence that indeed the expansion of the universe is not constant or slowing, but instead accelerating. Dark energy is the proposed agent of this acceleration—a rep ...
Our Place in a Vast Universe
... more distant object, the source of the light. In some cases the light can be bent to reach us in two or more routes from the more distant source.) Planets are grouped in solar systems. Stars like the sun are grouped in galaxies containing about one hundred billion stars, with our galaxy being called ...
... more distant object, the source of the light. In some cases the light can be bent to reach us in two or more routes from the more distant source.) Planets are grouped in solar systems. Stars like the sun are grouped in galaxies containing about one hundred billion stars, with our galaxy being called ...
Effects of Gravitation
... and what measurements were available were not consistent with the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, see Section 10.3.6. Again, through the Einstein Equations, whether or not the expansion was slowing down or speeding up was connected to the question of whether the average curvature was ...
... and what measurements were available were not consistent with the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, see Section 10.3.6. Again, through the Einstein Equations, whether or not the expansion was slowing down or speeding up was connected to the question of whether the average curvature was ...
General Relativity and the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe
... therefore, it must be the geometry of the space-time that determines test particle trajectories. Note that for no other force, is the acceleration of a test particle independent of its inertial mass (e.g., in classical electrodynamics, the acceleration of a test charge is proportional to the ratio o ...
... therefore, it must be the geometry of the space-time that determines test particle trajectories. Note that for no other force, is the acceleration of a test particle independent of its inertial mass (e.g., in classical electrodynamics, the acceleration of a test charge is proportional to the ratio o ...
The Galaxies
... Surface of a sphere Surface is finite, but has no edge. For a creature living on the sphere, having no sense of the third dimension, there’s no center (on the sphere!): All points are equal. Alternative: Any point on the surface can be defined as the center of a coordinate system. ...
... Surface of a sphere Surface is finite, but has no edge. For a creature living on the sphere, having no sense of the third dimension, there’s no center (on the sphere!): All points are equal. Alternative: Any point on the surface can be defined as the center of a coordinate system. ...
Space Science Chapter 10.1 textbook
... as they near the finish line, gradually come together to where they began the race at the start line. This is similar to what astronomers have been doing, using supercomputers, mathematics, and logic, to study how and when these galaxies might all have been in the same place at the same time. The se ...
... as they near the finish line, gradually come together to where they began the race at the start line. This is similar to what astronomers have been doing, using supercomputers, mathematics, and logic, to study how and when these galaxies might all have been in the same place at the same time. The se ...
Presentation available here - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... Texas graduate student, now Caltech Postdoctoral Fellow, Robert Quimby used ROTSE to conduct the Texas Supernova Search, covering unprecedently large volumes of space. Quimby discovered the intrinsically brightest supernova ever seen! (at the time, Fall 2006) I proposed that it was yet a different k ...
... Texas graduate student, now Caltech Postdoctoral Fellow, Robert Quimby used ROTSE to conduct the Texas Supernova Search, covering unprecedently large volumes of space. Quimby discovered the intrinsically brightest supernova ever seen! (at the time, Fall 2006) I proposed that it was yet a different k ...
How Old is the Universe?
... For the meteorites, the oldest are 4.56 billion years old. This very well determined age is the age of the Solar System. ...
... For the meteorites, the oldest are 4.56 billion years old. This very well determined age is the age of the Solar System. ...
ASTR 101 Scale of the Universe: an Overview
... Cosmic address of the Earth: Cosmic Web → Virgo super cluster → Local group of clusters → Milky way→ Solar System → Earth Our ancestors thought Earth was the center of the universe and rest of the universe revolved around it. Now we know we are so insignificant compared to the Universe! ...
... Cosmic address of the Earth: Cosmic Web → Virgo super cluster → Local group of clusters → Milky way→ Solar System → Earth Our ancestors thought Earth was the center of the universe and rest of the universe revolved around it. Now we know we are so insignificant compared to the Universe! ...
Astrophysics E1. This question is about stars.
... E2. This question is about cosmology. (a) The diagram below represents a spherical region of space based on Newton’s model of the universe. Earth is at the centre of the region. The dark line represents a very thin spherical shell of space distance R from Earth. With reference to the diagram and New ...
... E2. This question is about cosmology. (a) The diagram below represents a spherical region of space based on Newton’s model of the universe. Earth is at the centre of the region. The dark line represents a very thin spherical shell of space distance R from Earth. With reference to the diagram and New ...
The Teleological Argument - University of Colorado Boulder
... universe. That is, it seems as if the physical constants (e.g., the gravitational constant, the ration of the proton’s mass to the neutron’s mass, the strength of the strong and weak nuclear forces, and the rate of expansion of the universe) are set at very specific values. Should any of these value ...
... universe. That is, it seems as if the physical constants (e.g., the gravitational constant, the ration of the proton’s mass to the neutron’s mass, the strength of the strong and weak nuclear forces, and the rate of expansion of the universe) are set at very specific values. Should any of these value ...
G485 5.5.1 Structure of the Universe
... infra-red image of the centre of the Milky Way, revealing a new population of massive stars. Astronomers have recently announced that there is a massive black hole at the very centre of the Milky Way. This black hole is relatively small in size, having a radius of only 6.25 light-hours, but it is ma ...
... infra-red image of the centre of the Milky Way, revealing a new population of massive stars. Astronomers have recently announced that there is a massive black hole at the very centre of the Milky Way. This black hole is relatively small in size, having a radius of only 6.25 light-hours, but it is ma ...
Slide 1
... wavelength of light from most distant galaxies. The further away the galaxies are, the faster they are moving, and the bigger the observed increase in wavelength. This effect is called red-shift. c) How the observed red-shift provides evidence that the universe is expanding and supports the ‘Big Ban ...
... wavelength of light from most distant galaxies. The further away the galaxies are, the faster they are moving, and the bigger the observed increase in wavelength. This effect is called red-shift. c) How the observed red-shift provides evidence that the universe is expanding and supports the ‘Big Ban ...
Chapter 9 / Adobe Acrobat Document
... to those aboard the shuttle—seven astronauts died during the Challenger launch disaster and another seven astronauts died when Columbia broke up on re-entry. 28. Hubble and Humason’s distance-redshift relationship: the universe’s expansion has been confirmed by observations at very large distances a ...
... to those aboard the shuttle—seven astronauts died during the Challenger launch disaster and another seven astronauts died when Columbia broke up on re-entry. 28. Hubble and Humason’s distance-redshift relationship: the universe’s expansion has been confirmed by observations at very large distances a ...
Beyond the Big Bang - Physics Department, Princeton University
... The chosen patch of the sky was a speck, roughly the size of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s eye on a dime if you hold the coin out at arm’s length. The patch appears blank to the human eye and to ground-based telescopes because it contains no stars or galaxies bright enough to be seen. But by adding up th ...
... The chosen patch of the sky was a speck, roughly the size of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s eye on a dime if you hold the coin out at arm’s length. The patch appears blank to the human eye and to ground-based telescopes because it contains no stars or galaxies bright enough to be seen. But by adding up th ...
How Big is the Universe
... telescope, an instrument used to view distant objects. He saw there were more stars in ...
... telescope, an instrument used to view distant objects. He saw there were more stars in ...
This lecture covers the origins of the Universe, Sun and our planet
... Penzias and Wilson, working at Bell Labs near Princeton, they were annoyed with the background noise they were seeing with their giant radio telescope. It was microwave radiation with a 3 K signal. Everywhere they pointed it existed. They tried to find all sorts of artifacts that may explain i ...
... Penzias and Wilson, working at Bell Labs near Princeton, they were annoyed with the background noise they were seeing with their giant radio telescope. It was microwave radiation with a 3 K signal. Everywhere they pointed it existed. They tried to find all sorts of artifacts that may explain i ...
5.9MB Word - Clydeview Academy
... o Describe the Doppler Effect in terms of the changing frequencies of sound and light for moving objects o Use the Doppler Effect equation for calculations involving the sound emitted by moving objects o Understand that light from distant galaxies is red-shifted because they are moving away from the ...
... o Describe the Doppler Effect in terms of the changing frequencies of sound and light for moving objects o Use the Doppler Effect equation for calculations involving the sound emitted by moving objects o Understand that light from distant galaxies is red-shifted because they are moving away from the ...
ODU booklet 2 Teachers booklet Sept 2014 (7.5MB Word)
... o Describe the Doppler Effect in terms of the changing frequencies of sound and light for moving objects o Use the Doppler Effect equation for calculations involving the sound emitted by moving objects o Understand that light from distant galaxies is red-shifted because they are moving away from the ...
... o Describe the Doppler Effect in terms of the changing frequencies of sound and light for moving objects o Use the Doppler Effect equation for calculations involving the sound emitted by moving objects o Understand that light from distant galaxies is red-shifted because they are moving away from the ...
Document
... If the universe extends infinitely, then eventually if we look out into the night sky, we should be able to see a star in any direction, even if the star is really far away. Since the universe was infinitely old, the light from stars at extremely far distances would have already reached us, even if ...
... If the universe extends infinitely, then eventually if we look out into the night sky, we should be able to see a star in any direction, even if the star is really far away. Since the universe was infinitely old, the light from stars at extremely far distances would have already reached us, even if ...
Universe
The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. The Universe includes planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy. The observable universe is about 28 billion parsecs (91 billion light-years) in diameter at the present time. The size of the whole Universe is not known and may be infinite. Observations and the development of physical theories have led to inferences about the composition and evolution of the Universe.Throughout recorded history, cosmologies and cosmogonies, including scientific models, have been proposed to explain observations of the Universe. The earliest quantitative geocentric models were developed by ancient Greek philosophers and Indian philosophers. Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led to Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric model of the Solar System and Johannes Kepler's improvement on that model with elliptical orbits, which was eventually explained by Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. Further observational improvements led to the realization that the Solar System is located in a galaxy composed of billions of stars, the Milky Way. It was subsequently discovered that our galaxy is just one of many. On the largest scales, it is assumed that the distribution of galaxies is uniform and the same in all directions, meaning that the Universe has neither an edge nor a center. Observations of the distribution of these galaxies and their spectral lines have led to many of the theories of modern physical cosmology. The discovery in the early 20th century that galaxies are systematically redshifted suggested that the Universe is expanding, and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggested that the Universe had a beginning. Finally, observations in the late 1990s indicated the rate of the expansion of the Universe is increasing indicating that the majority of energy is most likely in an unknown form called dark energy. The majority of mass in the universe also appears to exist in an unknown form, called dark matter.The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model describing the development of the Universe. Space and time were created in the Big Bang, and these were imbued with a fixed amount of energy and matter; as space expands, the density of that matter and energy decreases. After the initial expansion, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation first of subatomic particles and later of simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars. Assuming that the prevailing model is correct, the age of the Universe is measured to be 7001137990000000000♠13.799±0.021 billion years.There are many competing hypotheses about the ultimate fate of the Universe. Physicists and philosophers remain unsure about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang. Many refuse to speculate, doubting that any information from any such prior state could ever be accessible. There are various multiverse hypotheses, in which some physicists have suggested that the Universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist.