Introduction Introduction to to Astrophysics Astrophysics
... Assignment 2: M31 is moving towards us relative to the Galactic center at a speed of approximately 120 km/s. Its distance to earth is approximately 2 million lightyears. in how many years from now will we collide based on these figures? However, as this motion is accelerated due to gravitational int ...
... Assignment 2: M31 is moving towards us relative to the Galactic center at a speed of approximately 120 km/s. Its distance to earth is approximately 2 million lightyears. in how many years from now will we collide based on these figures? However, as this motion is accelerated due to gravitational int ...
Structure of the solar system
... When two stars can not be seen but can be inferred due to the shift in their spectral lines. As one star (B) is moving away from Earth, its spectral lines (or absorption lines) will be red-shifted. As the other star is moving towards Earth (A), its lines will be blue-shifted. As they two stars are m ...
... When two stars can not be seen but can be inferred due to the shift in their spectral lines. As one star (B) is moving away from Earth, its spectral lines (or absorption lines) will be red-shifted. As the other star is moving towards Earth (A), its lines will be blue-shifted. As they two stars are m ...
Rhodri Evans - LA Flood Project
... unimaginably small fraction of time after it came into existence. However, since the March 2014 announcement by the BICEP2 team, a huge amount of debate has ensued in the cosmology community as to whether their result is real or not. The arguments in this debate will be discussed in more detail in t ...
... unimaginably small fraction of time after it came into existence. However, since the March 2014 announcement by the BICEP2 team, a huge amount of debate has ensued in the cosmology community as to whether their result is real or not. The arguments in this debate will be discussed in more detail in t ...
Hubble`s Expansion of the Universe
... Galaxies were first identified in the 17th Century by the French astronomer Charles Messier, although at the time, he did not know what they were. Messier, a keen observer of comets, spotted a number of other fuzzy objects in the sky which he knew were not comets. Worried that other comet hunters mi ...
... Galaxies were first identified in the 17th Century by the French astronomer Charles Messier, although at the time, he did not know what they were. Messier, a keen observer of comets, spotted a number of other fuzzy objects in the sky which he knew were not comets. Worried that other comet hunters mi ...
... groups. The creation of a new species from a pre-existing species – “speciation” as it is called - generally requires thousands of years. Hence, in our entire lifetime we can witness only a tiny part of the speciation process. How is it possible for one species to give rise to more than one subseque ...
Distance - Fixed Earth
... Quotation: "The Cosmological Redshift is a redshift caused by the expansion of space. The wavelength of light increases as it traverses the expanding universe.... The Gravitational Redshift is a shift in the frequency of a photon to lower energy as it climbs out of a gravitational field...." 16 Com ...
... Quotation: "The Cosmological Redshift is a redshift caused by the expansion of space. The wavelength of light increases as it traverses the expanding universe.... The Gravitational Redshift is a shift in the frequency of a photon to lower energy as it climbs out of a gravitational field...." 16 Com ...
Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter
... around as and this uniformity applies not only to their distribution but also to the law of increase of their velocities as they move away from us. How can it be explained? It may be suggested that man takes the central position in the Universe and all the galaxies are running away from us. Other sc ...
... around as and this uniformity applies not only to their distribution but also to the law of increase of their velocities as they move away from us. How can it be explained? It may be suggested that man takes the central position in the Universe and all the galaxies are running away from us. Other sc ...
Science Says: What Scientific Evidence Can Say About the
... which stretches or expands space on its own (also known as "dark energy"). This is only possible if a Big Bang event of some kind had happened, as the event would indicate an expansion that would not stop until it ran out of energy. This constant makes masses such as galaxies appear to repel each o ...
... which stretches or expands space on its own (also known as "dark energy"). This is only possible if a Big Bang event of some kind had happened, as the event would indicate an expansion that would not stop until it ran out of energy. This constant makes masses such as galaxies appear to repel each o ...
Lecture - Ann Arbor Earth Science
... In our example, the top band is our Sun, while the bottom band represents the spectrum of a star that is moving away from the Earth. Notice how the entire pattern of black lines has been shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. If the bottom band had been a star that is moving toward the Earth, t ...
... In our example, the top band is our Sun, while the bottom band represents the spectrum of a star that is moving away from the Earth. Notice how the entire pattern of black lines has been shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. If the bottom band had been a star that is moving toward the Earth, t ...
ies la arboleda – centro tic - plurilingüe
... (A)- The universe was contained in a single point in space. All of the matter and energy of space was then contained at this point. What existed prior to this event is completely unknown. About 13.73 billion years (13.730.000.000 years) ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the univers ...
... (A)- The universe was contained in a single point in space. All of the matter and energy of space was then contained at this point. What existed prior to this event is completely unknown. About 13.73 billion years (13.730.000.000 years) ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the univers ...
Earth and Space - Kennesaw State University College of Science
... 3. 20th Century 4. The Current View ...
... 3. 20th Century 4. The Current View ...
In Search of the Dark Matter in the Universe
... its real nature? Will we be able to directly detect it, since it does not radiate light or particles? It demonstrates its presence only by its gravitational pull on visible matter. These are the questions which intrigue astronomers, cosmologists, particle and nuclear physicists alike. In this talk I ...
... its real nature? Will we be able to directly detect it, since it does not radiate light or particles? It demonstrates its presence only by its gravitational pull on visible matter. These are the questions which intrigue astronomers, cosmologists, particle and nuclear physicists alike. In this talk I ...
Topic 4 - The University of Sheffield
... (1)! Gas - hot and cold gas, hydrogen and helium (2)! Snowballs - particles of frozen gas (3)! Dust - particles that include heavier elements like Si (4)! Rocks and Small Planets - including asteroid size objects (5)! Dim Stars - including Brown Dwarfs and Black Dwarfs (6)! Neutron Stars - remnants ...
... (1)! Gas - hot and cold gas, hydrogen and helium (2)! Snowballs - particles of frozen gas (3)! Dust - particles that include heavier elements like Si (4)! Rocks and Small Planets - including asteroid size objects (5)! Dim Stars - including Brown Dwarfs and Black Dwarfs (6)! Neutron Stars - remnants ...
Answers - Physics and Astronomy
... c) Because they pass through virtually everything on Earth without interacting. d) Because we just got used to them. e) The light from the Sun overwhelms the neutrinos. QUESTION 17: The universe became transparent when electrons and protons formed hydrogen atoms because: a) Atoms only absorb certain ...
... c) Because they pass through virtually everything on Earth without interacting. d) Because we just got used to them. e) The light from the Sun overwhelms the neutrinos. QUESTION 17: The universe became transparent when electrons and protons formed hydrogen atoms because: a) Atoms only absorb certain ...
Ch. 25 - UTK Department of Physics and Astronomy
... quasar light passing through hundreds of gas clouds, each with a different redshift, on its way to us. ...
... quasar light passing through hundreds of gas clouds, each with a different redshift, on its way to us. ...
Galaxies and the Universe
... • How far did this light travel? – We found from the Hubble law that the light has been travelling 13.7 billion years. – The Universe is 13.7 billion years old (plus 400,000 years). – The farthest that any light could have travelled is 13.7 billion light years. cosmic horizon ...
... • How far did this light travel? – We found from the Hubble law that the light has been travelling 13.7 billion years. – The Universe is 13.7 billion years old (plus 400,000 years). – The farthest that any light could have travelled is 13.7 billion light years. cosmic horizon ...
What are your ideas about The Universe? - Harvard
... 4.5 billion years old. But the Hubble “deep-field” galaxies are among the most ancient and distant objects we can see in the sky. The light from them has taken about 10 billion years to reach us. So they were born long before the Sun. On the other hand, the Hubble deep field galaxies are young! Beca ...
... 4.5 billion years old. But the Hubble “deep-field” galaxies are among the most ancient and distant objects we can see in the sky. The light from them has taken about 10 billion years to reach us. So they were born long before the Sun. On the other hand, the Hubble deep field galaxies are young! Beca ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... Joseph Norman Lockyer came up with an idea: that stars were formed from a primeval plethora of meteors which gradually coalesced to form the more massive stars10. This crude idea, initially and appropriately rejected in its first formulation, was nevertheless revolutionary in that it spoke of the ge ...
... Joseph Norman Lockyer came up with an idea: that stars were formed from a primeval plethora of meteors which gradually coalesced to form the more massive stars10. This crude idea, initially and appropriately rejected in its first formulation, was nevertheless revolutionary in that it spoke of the ge ...
Slide 1
... These mesurements indicate that the Universe is expanding faster now than when the supernovae exploded as the light has had to travel further to reach us than expected by a constant rate of expansion (assummed to be the case with Hubble’s Law). These and further measurements have led astronomers to ...
... These mesurements indicate that the Universe is expanding faster now than when the supernovae exploded as the light has had to travel further to reach us than expected by a constant rate of expansion (assummed to be the case with Hubble’s Law). These and further measurements have led astronomers to ...
Questions - Clever Teach
... Suggest why, when a galaxy has a very large red-shift, some of its visible light is not detected through the Earth’s atmosphere. ...
... Suggest why, when a galaxy has a very large red-shift, some of its visible light is not detected through the Earth’s atmosphere. ...
Chapter 17
... for 16 billion years. The radiation is now at a temperature only 2.7°C above absolute zero and it fills the universe. The cosmic background radiation is the “smoke” from the Big Bang that fills the room (that is, the universe), even 16 billion years later. The “noise” that Penzias and Wilson found w ...
... for 16 billion years. The radiation is now at a temperature only 2.7°C above absolute zero and it fills the universe. The cosmic background radiation is the “smoke” from the Big Bang that fills the room (that is, the universe), even 16 billion years later. The “noise” that Penzias and Wilson found w ...
Intelligent life in cosmology
... we have an undeniable fact : they aren’t here. That is, extraterrestrial intelligent beings are not obviously present on our planet, or in our solar system. I think even Martin will agree with this ! But I claim this fact allows us to conclude that extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) is absence from ...
... we have an undeniable fact : they aren’t here. That is, extraterrestrial intelligent beings are not obviously present on our planet, or in our solar system. I think even Martin will agree with this ! But I claim this fact allows us to conclude that extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) is absence from ...
universe
... seven such galaxies surrounding the Milky Way and two of these are pretty close . Since they are small in size , they have a small gravitational field compared to Milky Way and they should be torn apart by the gravitational force exerted by our galaxy long ago . The fact that they did not suggests t ...
... seven such galaxies surrounding the Milky Way and two of these are pretty close . Since they are small in size , they have a small gravitational field compared to Milky Way and they should be torn apart by the gravitational force exerted by our galaxy long ago . The fact that they did not suggests t ...
THE 3-D UNIVERSE CONCEPTS
... just by how bright it appears from Earth. For instance, a close, faint star can appear just as bright in the sky as a brighter star that is farther away. The difference between a star’s actual brightness and its apparent brightness when seen from Earth indicates how far away it is. To judge a star’s ...
... just by how bright it appears from Earth. For instance, a close, faint star can appear just as bright in the sky as a brighter star that is farther away. The difference between a star’s actual brightness and its apparent brightness when seen from Earth indicates how far away it is. To judge a star’s ...
E1 Introduction to the universe
... the matter could be found in Massive Astronomical Compact Halo Objects or MACHOs for short. There is some evidence that lots of ordinary matter does exist in these groupings. These can be thought of as low-mass failed stars or high-mass planets. They could even be black holes. These would produce li ...
... the matter could be found in Massive Astronomical Compact Halo Objects or MACHOs for short. There is some evidence that lots of ordinary matter does exist in these groupings. These can be thought of as low-mass failed stars or high-mass planets. They could even be black holes. These would produce li ...
Universe
The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. The Universe includes planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy. The observable universe is about 28 billion parsecs (91 billion light-years) in diameter at the present time. The size of the whole Universe is not known and may be infinite. Observations and the development of physical theories have led to inferences about the composition and evolution of the Universe.Throughout recorded history, cosmologies and cosmogonies, including scientific models, have been proposed to explain observations of the Universe. The earliest quantitative geocentric models were developed by ancient Greek philosophers and Indian philosophers. Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led to Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric model of the Solar System and Johannes Kepler's improvement on that model with elliptical orbits, which was eventually explained by Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. Further observational improvements led to the realization that the Solar System is located in a galaxy composed of billions of stars, the Milky Way. It was subsequently discovered that our galaxy is just one of many. On the largest scales, it is assumed that the distribution of galaxies is uniform and the same in all directions, meaning that the Universe has neither an edge nor a center. Observations of the distribution of these galaxies and their spectral lines have led to many of the theories of modern physical cosmology. The discovery in the early 20th century that galaxies are systematically redshifted suggested that the Universe is expanding, and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggested that the Universe had a beginning. Finally, observations in the late 1990s indicated the rate of the expansion of the Universe is increasing indicating that the majority of energy is most likely in an unknown form called dark energy. The majority of mass in the universe also appears to exist in an unknown form, called dark matter.The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model describing the development of the Universe. Space and time were created in the Big Bang, and these were imbued with a fixed amount of energy and matter; as space expands, the density of that matter and energy decreases. After the initial expansion, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation first of subatomic particles and later of simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars. Assuming that the prevailing model is correct, the age of the Universe is measured to be 7001137990000000000♠13.799±0.021 billion years.There are many competing hypotheses about the ultimate fate of the Universe. Physicists and philosophers remain unsure about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang. Many refuse to speculate, doubting that any information from any such prior state could ever be accessible. There are various multiverse hypotheses, in which some physicists have suggested that the Universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist.