File
... * A long time ago, astronomers thought that the Earth was the centre of the Universe. This was called the geocentric model. The evidence for this model came from observations of the sky using the naked eye. After the telescope was invented, astronomers quickly gathered evidence which showed that the ...
... * A long time ago, astronomers thought that the Earth was the centre of the Universe. This was called the geocentric model. The evidence for this model came from observations of the sky using the naked eye. After the telescope was invented, astronomers quickly gathered evidence which showed that the ...
lecture outlines
... Hypothesis, Kapteyn, Kapteyn Universe, selected areas FURTHER STUDIES: 7. The Kapteyn universe: selected areas and photography ...
... Hypothesis, Kapteyn, Kapteyn Universe, selected areas FURTHER STUDIES: 7. The Kapteyn universe: selected areas and photography ...
Test 4 Review Clicker Questions
... The Doppler shifts of 21-cm radiation from hydrogen in the spiral arms provides astronomers with a tool to map out the Galaxy’s structure. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... The Doppler shifts of 21-cm radiation from hydrogen in the spiral arms provides astronomers with a tool to map out the Galaxy’s structure. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
PH607lec12
... speed of light, something not permitted by the laws of physics. In fact, redshifts larger than 1 are possible, and are observed. For example, if an object has a velocity near the speed of light we have to use the "relativistic Doppler shift formula" ...
... speed of light, something not permitted by the laws of physics. In fact, redshifts larger than 1 are possible, and are observed. For example, if an object has a velocity near the speed of light we have to use the "relativistic Doppler shift formula" ...
Star formation in galaxies over the last 10 billion
... massive galaxies formed bulk of stars quickly and early, less massive galaxies formed on longer timescales (“Downsizing”) ...
... massive galaxies formed bulk of stars quickly and early, less massive galaxies formed on longer timescales (“Downsizing”) ...
D ASTROPHYSICS
... much less gas and dust than spiral galaxies; they are thought to have been formed from collisions between spiral galaxies. Irregular galaxies are shapeless and may have been stretched by the presence of other massive galaxies – the Milky Way appears to be having this effect on ...
... much less gas and dust than spiral galaxies; they are thought to have been formed from collisions between spiral galaxies. Irregular galaxies are shapeless and may have been stretched by the presence of other massive galaxies – the Milky Way appears to be having this effect on ...
The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe
... Newton went on to show that, according to his law, gravity causes the moon to move in an elliptical orbit around the Earth and causes the Earth and the planets to follow elliptical paths around the sun. The Copernican model got rid of Ptolemy’s celestial spheres, and with them the idea that the univ ...
... Newton went on to show that, according to his law, gravity causes the moon to move in an elliptical orbit around the Earth and causes the Earth and the planets to follow elliptical paths around the sun. The Copernican model got rid of Ptolemy’s celestial spheres, and with them the idea that the univ ...
1 Dark matter and dark energy comprise over 90% of the Universe
... Dark matter and dark energy are believed to be most of what the Universe is composed of. Thus far, it has not been directly detected, cannot be seen and fails to emit electromagnetic radiation that we can detect. We believe dark matter exists because of the motions of stars, galaxies and galaxy clus ...
... Dark matter and dark energy are believed to be most of what the Universe is composed of. Thus far, it has not been directly detected, cannot be seen and fails to emit electromagnetic radiation that we can detect. We believe dark matter exists because of the motions of stars, galaxies and galaxy clus ...
The Earth and Man In the Universe
... a proof of the very opposite. But one of the qualities of Herschel was a disinclination to hold 011 obstinately to a preconceived opinion; another, to work on incessantly for his own pleasure and with the most complete independence of mind. Altho we are obliged to make here a sort of general and com ...
... a proof of the very opposite. But one of the qualities of Herschel was a disinclination to hold 011 obstinately to a preconceived opinion; another, to work on incessantly for his own pleasure and with the most complete independence of mind. Altho we are obliged to make here a sort of general and com ...
As far as - Sangeeta Malhotra
... HUDF goes deep, we know these are the typical galaxies at those redshifts. Looking at the colors of these galaxies tells us their stars are younger than those we see in galaxies at intermediate distances. The distant galaxies are ragged and irregular. This is partly because we’re seeing them in ultr ...
... HUDF goes deep, we know these are the typical galaxies at those redshifts. Looking at the colors of these galaxies tells us their stars are younger than those we see in galaxies at intermediate distances. The distant galaxies are ragged and irregular. This is partly because we’re seeing them in ultr ...
PH607 – Galaxies
... speed of light, something not permitted by the laws of physics. In fact, redshifts larger than 1 are possible, and are observed. For example, if an object has a velocity near the speed of light we have to use the "relativistic Doppler shift formula" ...
... speed of light, something not permitted by the laws of physics. In fact, redshifts larger than 1 are possible, and are observed. For example, if an object has a velocity near the speed of light we have to use the "relativistic Doppler shift formula" ...
CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE
... provide a sense of the mystery and majesty of the universe. As with our ancestors back beyond recorded time, we can’t help but wonder what kind of Universe is this? What are its fundamental laws? How old is it? How big? What does it contain? How has it changed with time, and what may be its future? ...
... provide a sense of the mystery and majesty of the universe. As with our ancestors back beyond recorded time, we can’t help but wonder what kind of Universe is this? What are its fundamental laws? How old is it? How big? What does it contain? How has it changed with time, and what may be its future? ...
Origin of the Chemical Elements
... certain moment fluctuations with a wavelength bigger than the horizon were ‗felt‘ as constant fields and did not influence anymore the gravitational evolution of the matter and radiation at smaller length scale. The inflationary period in the evolution of the Universe ended at about 10−32 s after th ...
... certain moment fluctuations with a wavelength bigger than the horizon were ‗felt‘ as constant fields and did not influence anymore the gravitational evolution of the matter and radiation at smaller length scale. The inflationary period in the evolution of the Universe ended at about 10−32 s after th ...
Spacephysics - The summary
... confirmed by research in the future, here are some of them: a) Blue shift of the rim of the universe by the income of accretion masses from hyperspace (of the superordinated universe and physical quantity dimension) b) New attributes and phenomena of the various Bose-condensates (important to resear ...
... confirmed by research in the future, here are some of them: a) Blue shift of the rim of the universe by the income of accretion masses from hyperspace (of the superordinated universe and physical quantity dimension) b) New attributes and phenomena of the various Bose-condensates (important to resear ...
Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Section 1
... • A protostar’s temperature continually increases until it reaches about 10,000,000 °C. • At this temperature, nuclear fusion begins. Nuclear fusion is a process in which less-massive atomic nuclei combine to form more-massive nuclei. The process releases enormous amounts of energy. • The onset of n ...
... • A protostar’s temperature continually increases until it reaches about 10,000,000 °C. • At this temperature, nuclear fusion begins. Nuclear fusion is a process in which less-massive atomic nuclei combine to form more-massive nuclei. The process releases enormous amounts of energy. • The onset of n ...
Chapter 26: Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Stars
... two hydrogen atoms into a helium atom. Nuclear fusion reactions require a lot of energy to get started, but once they are started, they produce even more energy. The energy from nuclear reactions in the core pushes outward, balancing the inward pull of gravity on all the gas in the star. This energy ...
... two hydrogen atoms into a helium atom. Nuclear fusion reactions require a lot of energy to get started, but once they are started, they produce even more energy. The energy from nuclear reactions in the core pushes outward, balancing the inward pull of gravity on all the gas in the star. This energy ...
View the pdf here
... but it is dedicated to von humboldt. he contrasts the positions of aristotle, bacon, hume, kant, bentham, and mill, for example. he quotes them. it is a defense of imagination, intuition, and improvisation in all the paths of human inquiry, including the sciences, and it is a reasoned defense by a c ...
... but it is dedicated to von humboldt. he contrasts the positions of aristotle, bacon, hume, kant, bentham, and mill, for example. he quotes them. it is a defense of imagination, intuition, and improvisation in all the paths of human inquiry, including the sciences, and it is a reasoned defense by a c ...
Slide 1
... images of background cosmic objects. A less-well known form of lensing is called gravitational microlensing. This results in a short term change in brightness of the lensed (background) object, usually a star. ...
... images of background cosmic objects. A less-well known form of lensing is called gravitational microlensing. This results in a short term change in brightness of the lensed (background) object, usually a star. ...
Edwin Hubble (1889
... significant classification has yet been suggested; not even a precise definition has been formulated." The way Hubble discovered to classify nebulae is described here. After serving in World War I, Hubble joined the Mount Wilson Observatory staff. There he took photographs of nebulae with the new 10 ...
... significant classification has yet been suggested; not even a precise definition has been formulated." The way Hubble discovered to classify nebulae is described here. After serving in World War I, Hubble joined the Mount Wilson Observatory staff. There he took photographs of nebulae with the new 10 ...
Powerpoint slides
... Surprisingly enough, the answer is eight feet, or approximately 20 CD diameters away. Galaxies are much closer together than stars, relative to their size. Do not be fooled, however; it is still very difficult to travel between them. You can ask another volunteer to be a photon of light traveling be ...
... Surprisingly enough, the answer is eight feet, or approximately 20 CD diameters away. Galaxies are much closer together than stars, relative to their size. Do not be fooled, however; it is still very difficult to travel between them. You can ask another volunteer to be a photon of light traveling be ...
Word version of Episode 704
... The CLEA software enables you to simulate controlling a telescope so that it points at a selected galaxy, and then using a spectrometer to record the light received over a range of wavelengths. From this spectrum you can measure the observed wavelengths of one or more absorption lines in the galaxy’ ...
... The CLEA software enables you to simulate controlling a telescope so that it points at a selected galaxy, and then using a spectrometer to record the light received over a range of wavelengths. From this spectrum you can measure the observed wavelengths of one or more absorption lines in the galaxy’ ...
ISP 205: Visions of the Universe
... A great island of stars in space, all held together by gravity and orbiting a common center ...
... A great island of stars in space, all held together by gravity and orbiting a common center ...
Galaxies - SD43 Teacher Sites
... Despite the immense number of galaxies, most can be classified according to one of three basic shapes: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. • A spiral galaxy, when viewed from above, looks like a pinwheel, with many long “arms” spiralling out from a centre core (Figure 10.11). Viewed from along its ed ...
... Despite the immense number of galaxies, most can be classified according to one of three basic shapes: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. • A spiral galaxy, when viewed from above, looks like a pinwheel, with many long “arms” spiralling out from a centre core (Figure 10.11). Viewed from along its ed ...
Section 6 The Expanding Universe The Doppler Effect
... determine the mass of a galaxy (or a cluster of galaxies). By measuring the amount of light reaching the Earth, scientists can estimate the number of stars in the galaxy. Knowing the number of stars in the galaxy, scientists can mathematically determine the mass of the galaxy. Fritz Zwicky used both ...
... determine the mass of a galaxy (or a cluster of galaxies). By measuring the amount of light reaching the Earth, scientists can estimate the number of stars in the galaxy. Knowing the number of stars in the galaxy, scientists can mathematically determine the mass of the galaxy. Fritz Zwicky used both ...
Universe
The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. The Universe includes planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy. The observable universe is about 28 billion parsecs (91 billion light-years) in diameter at the present time. The size of the whole Universe is not known and may be infinite. Observations and the development of physical theories have led to inferences about the composition and evolution of the Universe.Throughout recorded history, cosmologies and cosmogonies, including scientific models, have been proposed to explain observations of the Universe. The earliest quantitative geocentric models were developed by ancient Greek philosophers and Indian philosophers. Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led to Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric model of the Solar System and Johannes Kepler's improvement on that model with elliptical orbits, which was eventually explained by Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. Further observational improvements led to the realization that the Solar System is located in a galaxy composed of billions of stars, the Milky Way. It was subsequently discovered that our galaxy is just one of many. On the largest scales, it is assumed that the distribution of galaxies is uniform and the same in all directions, meaning that the Universe has neither an edge nor a center. Observations of the distribution of these galaxies and their spectral lines have led to many of the theories of modern physical cosmology. The discovery in the early 20th century that galaxies are systematically redshifted suggested that the Universe is expanding, and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggested that the Universe had a beginning. Finally, observations in the late 1990s indicated the rate of the expansion of the Universe is increasing indicating that the majority of energy is most likely in an unknown form called dark energy. The majority of mass in the universe also appears to exist in an unknown form, called dark matter.The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model describing the development of the Universe. Space and time were created in the Big Bang, and these were imbued with a fixed amount of energy and matter; as space expands, the density of that matter and energy decreases. After the initial expansion, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation first of subatomic particles and later of simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars. Assuming that the prevailing model is correct, the age of the Universe is measured to be 7001137990000000000♠13.799±0.021 billion years.There are many competing hypotheses about the ultimate fate of the Universe. Physicists and philosophers remain unsure about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang. Many refuse to speculate, doubting that any information from any such prior state could ever be accessible. There are various multiverse hypotheses, in which some physicists have suggested that the Universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist.