Coevolutionary Dynamics and the Conservation of Mutualisms
... Mutualisms are interspecific interactions in which each of two partner species receives a net benefit. Well-known examples include interactions between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, plants and pollinators, animals and gut bacteria, and corals and zooxanthellae (Herre et al. 1999; Bronstein 2001a). Mut ...
... Mutualisms are interspecific interactions in which each of two partner species receives a net benefit. Well-known examples include interactions between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, plants and pollinators, animals and gut bacteria, and corals and zooxanthellae (Herre et al. 1999; Bronstein 2001a). Mut ...
Multitrophic Diversity Effects Of Network Degradation
... done so without reference to species traits (Thebault and Loreau 2003). Other studies that assess the functional impacts of multitrophic extinction have done so without reference to network structure and often report conflicting directions and varying magnitudes of diversity effects. Even within a ...
... done so without reference to species traits (Thebault and Loreau 2003). Other studies that assess the functional impacts of multitrophic extinction have done so without reference to network structure and often report conflicting directions and varying magnitudes of diversity effects. Even within a ...
2005ecology
... cases in which the patterns of escape from different enemies canceled out. Our examination of multiple interspecific interactions demonstrates that escape from one guild of enemies does not necessarily imply escape from other guilds. Because the effects of each guild are likely to vary through space ...
... cases in which the patterns of escape from different enemies canceled out. Our examination of multiple interspecific interactions demonstrates that escape from one guild of enemies does not necessarily imply escape from other guilds. Because the effects of each guild are likely to vary through space ...
Biodiversity and the African Savanna: Problems of Definition and
... at the same level of the hierarchy. Holons also affect those lower down in the hierarchy. Therefore, if human factors are placed at the top, it means that people affect fire and herbivory, which also affect PAM and PAN. PAM may be ranked above PAN because moisture (from rainfall, ground water and ev ...
... at the same level of the hierarchy. Holons also affect those lower down in the hierarchy. Therefore, if human factors are placed at the top, it means that people affect fire and herbivory, which also affect PAM and PAN. PAM may be ranked above PAN because moisture (from rainfall, ground water and ev ...
Leaf size, specific leaf area and microhabitat
... system to quantify microclimate affinities of these species across north- and south-facing slopes. At the community level, leaf size and SLA both declined with increasing insolation, based on average trait values for the species found in plots along the gradient. However, leaf size and SLA were not ...
... system to quantify microclimate affinities of these species across north- and south-facing slopes. At the community level, leaf size and SLA both declined with increasing insolation, based on average trait values for the species found in plots along the gradient. However, leaf size and SLA were not ...
4.20 MA 20 Benzie Outwash Management Area
... chestnut-sided warbler, golden- winged warbler and white tail deer; commercially for pulp and saw logs; and recreationally by hunters and mushroom hunters. The age classes of aspen are unbalanced, with a spike in the 20-49 year-old age classes (Figure 4.20.2). There are 1,001 acres of aspen that hav ...
... chestnut-sided warbler, golden- winged warbler and white tail deer; commercially for pulp and saw logs; and recreationally by hunters and mushroom hunters. The age classes of aspen are unbalanced, with a spike in the 20-49 year-old age classes (Figure 4.20.2). There are 1,001 acres of aspen that hav ...
NSDNR Forest Disturbance Report
... flora. During this period natural disturbances varied only as vegetation responded to climate fluctuation, which has not changed drastically since the first trees appeared (Roland and Smith, ...
... flora. During this period natural disturbances varied only as vegetation responded to climate fluctuation, which has not changed drastically since the first trees appeared (Roland and Smith, ...
Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities: A review
... soil-moisture gradients, (ii) partitioning of water as a resource, and/or (iii) partitioning ...
... soil-moisture gradients, (ii) partitioning of water as a resource, and/or (iii) partitioning ...
Marine Ecosystem Services Program
... Coastal ecosystems are near thresholds for healthy functioning, putting coastal populations ever more at risk. Innovative solutions must be sought to complement conventional coastal and marine management in order to safeguard human well-being. The very complex nature of coastal and marine ecosystems ...
... Coastal ecosystems are near thresholds for healthy functioning, putting coastal populations ever more at risk. Innovative solutions must be sought to complement conventional coastal and marine management in order to safeguard human well-being. The very complex nature of coastal and marine ecosystems ...
Plasticity and trait-mediated indirect interactions among plants
... makes optimization of some plastic responses difficult, especially if plastic responses have long lag times and are largely irreversible. In addition, the diffuse nature of competition among plants within communities may limit a plant’s ability to exhibit its maximum potential plasticity in response ...
... makes optimization of some plastic responses difficult, especially if plastic responses have long lag times and are largely irreversible. In addition, the diffuse nature of competition among plants within communities may limit a plant’s ability to exhibit its maximum potential plasticity in response ...
Night-time conductance in C3 and C4 species: do plants lose water
... where night-time E was signi®cantly greater than empty chamber measurements (solid bars in Fig. 1B), night-time E as a percentage of daytime E, though measured in a cuvette on a leaf area basis, but under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions, was not trivial and exceeded 10% of dayti ...
... where night-time E was signi®cantly greater than empty chamber measurements (solid bars in Fig. 1B), night-time E as a percentage of daytime E, though measured in a cuvette on a leaf area basis, but under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions, was not trivial and exceeded 10% of dayti ...
New evidence that high potential nitrification rates occur in soils
... and Hart, 1997; Dore et al., 2008), higher predation and pathogen activity during the wet season (the mechanism proposed by Parker and Schimel, 2011), and differences in the AOB/AOA community structure, a mechanism that has not previously been reviewed. Based on a quantitative assessment of ammonia ...
... and Hart, 1997; Dore et al., 2008), higher predation and pathogen activity during the wet season (the mechanism proposed by Parker and Schimel, 2011), and differences in the AOB/AOA community structure, a mechanism that has not previously been reviewed. Based on a quantitative assessment of ammonia ...
The importance of biodiversity and sustainable agricultural practices
... Areas associated with water, such as streams, ponds or wetlands, are called aquatic areas. These areas contain some of the most diverse and productive habitats and are home to insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals. Best management practices for aquatic areas • Do not drain wetlands ...
... Areas associated with water, such as streams, ponds or wetlands, are called aquatic areas. These areas contain some of the most diverse and productive habitats and are home to insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals. Best management practices for aquatic areas • Do not drain wetlands ...
do plants lose water at night?
... where night-time E was signi®cantly greater than empty chamber measurements (solid bars in Fig. 1B), night-time E as a percentage of daytime E, though measured in a cuvette on a leaf area basis, but under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions, was not trivial and exceeded 10% of dayti ...
... where night-time E was signi®cantly greater than empty chamber measurements (solid bars in Fig. 1B), night-time E as a percentage of daytime E, though measured in a cuvette on a leaf area basis, but under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions, was not trivial and exceeded 10% of dayti ...
A taxonomic and ecologic study of the riverbottom forest on St. Mary
... with its winter maximum, the prairies have a rainy season from late May to early October, although no season is with- ...
... with its winter maximum, the prairies have a rainy season from late May to early October, although no season is with- ...
Understanding Biodiversity Protection Opportunities in the Oil and
... – These future options for biodiversity, and humankind’s possible use of it, drive many to argue that we should be cautious about how we manage and use it. ...
... – These future options for biodiversity, and humankind’s possible use of it, drive many to argue that we should be cautious about how we manage and use it. ...
Inglés
... © 2016 Segovia-Rivera and Valdivia. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give app ...
... © 2016 Segovia-Rivera and Valdivia. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give app ...
Vegetation Cover Changes in Ngorongoro Conservation Area from
... Charter) and provided basis for formulation a ten-years general management plan, which was developed through involvement of local communities, and it was adopted in ...
... Charter) and provided basis for formulation a ten-years general management plan, which was developed through involvement of local communities, and it was adopted in ...
Genetic variation and community change selection, evolution, and
... on the fitness of the original species, may occur when a series of conditions are met. In this diagram, ‘spaces’ represent a set of possible values for genotypes, phenotypes, and communities. Transformations are represented by arrows and refer to changes either within or between spaces; for example, ...
... on the fitness of the original species, may occur when a series of conditions are met. In this diagram, ‘spaces’ represent a set of possible values for genotypes, phenotypes, and communities. Transformations are represented by arrows and refer to changes either within or between spaces; for example, ...
Below-ground resources limit seedling growth in forest understories
... both light and soil resources [26, 27, 48]. In a controlled experiment, shade intolerant species survived better in deep shade under higher than lower nutrient availability [50]. In contrast, shade tolerant species, which survived better than the intolerants in any case, were unaffected by variation ...
... both light and soil resources [26, 27, 48]. In a controlled experiment, shade intolerant species survived better in deep shade under higher than lower nutrient availability [50]. In contrast, shade tolerant species, which survived better than the intolerants in any case, were unaffected by variation ...
Genetic variation and community change selection, evolution, and
... on the fitness of the original species, may occur when a series of conditions are met. In this diagram, ‘spaces’ represent a set of possible values for genotypes, phenotypes, and communities. Transformations are represented by arrows and refer to changes either within or between spaces; for example, ...
... on the fitness of the original species, may occur when a series of conditions are met. In this diagram, ‘spaces’ represent a set of possible values for genotypes, phenotypes, and communities. Transformations are represented by arrows and refer to changes either within or between spaces; for example, ...
file - Trust For Nature
... As we all know, Trust for Nature works in Victoria; this work, however, is part of a global approach to nature conservation. This edition of the Conservation Bulletin pans outwards to demonstrate the global impact of the conservation work being done here in Victoria by our covenantors and staff – an ...
... As we all know, Trust for Nature works in Victoria; this work, however, is part of a global approach to nature conservation. This edition of the Conservation Bulletin pans outwards to demonstrate the global impact of the conservation work being done here in Victoria by our covenantors and staff – an ...
Species Invasions and the Relationships between Species Diversity
... 2002; Sax and Gaines 2003). Similarly, San Francisco Bay contains at least several hundred exotic invertebrates, which constitute up to 99% of the biomass at some sites (Cohen and Carlton 1998; Ruiz et al. 2000). Because the same processes that influence invasion by exotic species should also influe ...
... 2002; Sax and Gaines 2003). Similarly, San Francisco Bay contains at least several hundred exotic invertebrates, which constitute up to 99% of the biomass at some sites (Cohen and Carlton 1998; Ruiz et al. 2000). Because the same processes that influence invasion by exotic species should also influe ...
Riverine Ecosystems in International Law
... 14. The different legal regimes for streams, lakes and related waters are based on: riparianism (generally eastern States), dual or "hybrid" systems (e.g., Washington, Oregon, California), and prior appropriation (e.g., Alaska). See generally WATERS AND WATER RIGHTS (R. Beck ed., 1991) Vol. I, Part ...
... 14. The different legal regimes for streams, lakes and related waters are based on: riparianism (generally eastern States), dual or "hybrid" systems (e.g., Washington, Oregon, California), and prior appropriation (e.g., Alaska). See generally WATERS AND WATER RIGHTS (R. Beck ed., 1991) Vol. I, Part ...
Which ecologically important traits are most likely to evolve rapidly?
... The Origin of Species was as much an ecological treatise as it was an evolutionary treatise. Darwin argued that natural selection favored adaptation to local physical and biotic conditions, which led to the divergence of populations living in different environments. In his view, evolution was an ong ...
... The Origin of Species was as much an ecological treatise as it was an evolutionary treatise. Darwin argued that natural selection favored adaptation to local physical and biotic conditions, which led to the divergence of populations living in different environments. In his view, evolution was an ong ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.